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Novel Coronavirus are very harmful virus. This viruses have positive single stranded RNA genome and enveloped which is called nucleocapsid. The family of this virus is Coronaviridae. This virus originated fromspecies of avian and mammalian. This virus effect on upper respiratory tract in humans. Many species of these novel coronaviruses (HCoVs) are named as HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-NL63. Predominant species of this virus is Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV) across the world. In both adults and childrens HCoV-HKU1 sp. is causes for chronic pulmonary disease and HCoV-NL63 species causes for upper and lower respiratory tract disease. Most recent species of this virus is MERS-CoV. This species caused for acute pneumonia and occasional renal failure. The new strain of novel Coronavirus is SARS-CoV-2. This strain causes for the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). This disease named by the World Health Organization. Now world fighting against COVID-19 and according to the recent statistics report of world about the COVID-19 cases approx 22.6M confirmed cases and 792K death cases appeared and recovered 14.5M COVID-19 disease starts to spread from December 2019 from china. Covid-19 disease is emerged in Wuhan seafood market at Wuhan of South China and then rapidly spread throughout the world. The corona virus outbreak has been declared a public health emergency of International concern by World Health Organization (WHO). In this article we summarize the current clinical characteristics of coronavirus and diagnosis, treatments and prevention of COVID-19 disease. In this review article, we analyze data from various Research Reports like WHO guidelines and other articles. It is very important to the readers that new data of COVID-19 updating nearly every hour of day regarding clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment strategies, and outcomes COVID-19 disease. The degree of COVID-19 disease varying throughout the world. COVID-19 affected patient shows various symptoms like fever, cough, sore throat, breathlessness, fatigue, and malaise among others. The COVID-19 disease is being treated through general treatment like symptomatic treatment, by using antiviral drugs, oxygen therapy and by the immune system. There is no vaccine or therapeutic strategies for deal with this disease yet. In this critical situation preventive measures must be require. A very important issue in preventing viral infection is hand hygiene. There are other entities that people can boosting the immune system and help in infection prevention
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Aims: To isolate lead resistant bacteria from industrial effluent and characterize them by biochemical tests, effect of physical and chemicals factors on their growth and protein profiling of the isolates on with or without metal stress. Study Design: Cross-sectional study of related research articles and papers. Place and Duration of Study: Samples were collected from effluent water of Indian Iron and Steel Company (IISCO), Burnpur, West Bengal, India and studied at The Department of Biotechnology, The University of Burdwan. West Bengal, India, between September 2010 and June 2011. Methodology: Isolation of the isolates was done by pour plating the diluted effluent water onto the metal (Lead acetate) containing agar plates. The basic characterization of the isolates was done on the basis of morphological, physical, biochemical and antibiogram tests. Quantification of metal absorption was determined by Atomic absorption Spectrophotometric analysis. Protein expressions of the isolates on metal stress were studied by SDS-PAGE. Results: Two bacterial isolates namely PbrB1 and PbrB2 were isolated; they showed resistance to lead up to 6mM Lead (Lead acetate) and also to different antibiotics. They are able to ferment different sugars even in presence of low concentration of metals. Their protein profiling by SDS-PAGE shows different expressions of proteins upon metal stress. Conclusion: The isolates can be utilized to bioremediate lead from contaminated environment and further study of molecular mechanisms underlying lead accumulation process can be studied.