RESUMO
Background: Viral hepatitis is a major public health issue throughout the world affecting millions of children despite the availability of vaccines, prophylactic measures and improved sanitation. The objective of the study was to analyze the etiology, clinical features, laboratory parameters and sonological findings of Acute Viral Hepatitis in pediatric population.Methods: A total of 88 children admitted in paediatric department and gastroenterology unit of medicine department with confirmed acute viral hepatitis from June 2016 to July 2018 at tertiary health care teaching hospital of north India were included. The patients were divided in 3 age groups; 1-5, 6-10 and 11-18 years. Clinical features, laboratory parameters, ultrasound findings were compared in three age groups.Results: Out of 88 cases 48 were boys and 40 girls. In the present study hepatitis A was the most common (85.2%) etiology. Jaundice (90.9%) is the most common symptoms followed by dark colored urine (86.3%), loss of appetite (83.3%) and fever (68.2%) reported in this study. Icterus (90%) is the most common sign reported followed by hepatomegaly (86%). Out of 88 cases 4 cases died. Out of 4 deaths, 2 cases of hepatitis A and 2 cases positive for Hepatitis B. The cause of death was hepatic encephalopathy in both the cases.Conclusions: Majority of cases in children were hepatitis A cases. Most of the cases were aged above 5 years with slight male predominance. Those cases with elevated liver enzymes (SGOT >5000) and those with PT INR >3.5 at admission has higher mortality.
RESUMO
Background: Umbilical granuloma is an overgrowth of granulation tissue following the separation of umbilical cord. Treatment options for this common entity are limited and have side effects such as chemical burns. In this study, we want to highlight the salt application method for treatment of infants with umbilical granuloma.Methods: Thirty six infants were enrolled in present study after institutional ethics committee approval and consent from the parents. After thoroughly explaining the method to all mothers, they are advised to apply a pinch of salt on granuloma twice a day for 3 days .The area of application was cleaned, and common table salt was carefully applied over the lesion. The granuloma was then occluded with surgical adhesive tape for 30 minutes. Cases were followed up after 3 days for assessment of improvement.Results: All thirty six cases responded well to this approach with complete resolution of lesions after 3 days. Small clot like shrunken tissue was found at the site of granuloma, which was easily scraped off during gentle cleansing. No major complication or recurrence was noted in follow-up.Conclusions: The use of common salt in treating umbilical granuloma is simple, cost-effective, curative, and safe. It is easily administered and can be performed by parents at home.