STUDY OF OVIPOSITION IN CARYEDON SERRATUS ON PHASEOLUS VULGARIS

Control of insect pest is a serious problem, as the use of different chemical pesticides to control them is injurious to human health and environment. Thorough knowledge of their biology is quite important to manage them. During present investigations oviposition in Caryedon serratus have been observed on Phaseolus vulgaris for the first time. The female C. serratus preferred to lay eggs near the depression as convex surface of the seed of P. vulgaris. Maximum number of eggs per seed was 15. Maximum egg laying occurred during the first 6-days of oviposition under all three temperatures (25C, 28C and 34C). The peak of egg laying occurred on 3-day at 25C and 34C, however, it occurred on 5-day at 28C. C. serratus prefer laying eggs in the depression, may possibly be due to two reasons, first, the seed coat may be weakest at this point, second, eggs laid in depression may be protected. Most of egg laying activity by day-6, helps the female to conserve its energy for greater longevity.

Magnetic resonance arthrography in recurrent anterior shoulder instability as compared to arthroscopy: a prospective comparative study.

AIM: To evaluate the accuracy of magnetic resonance (MR) arthrographic imaging in the diagnosis of glenoid labral and ligament tears in recurrent shoulder instability. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Prospective, comparative study at a tertiary care centre. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients with three or more episodes of anterior shoulder dislocation were enrolled in the study. They were subjected to magnetic resonance arthrography (MRA) for delineation of abnormalities. The findings obtained at MRA were compared with those found at arthroscopy and surgical exploration. RESULTS: MRA detected glenoid tears in all 22 patients with 20 (90%) patients having antero-inferior tears, 3 (14%) patients had superior labral involvement and 2 (10%) patients had posterior labral abnormality. On arthroscopy, antero-inferior, superior and posterior labral tear were found in 21 (95%), 5 (22%) and 7 (32%) patients respectively. MRA showed a sensitivity of 95%, and a specificity of 100% for the detection of the antero-inferior labral tears. The sensitivity of MRA for the detection of superior, middle and inferior glenohumeral ligament tear was 83%, 80% and 86% with a specificity of 100%, 71% and 93% respectively. MRA was 100% sensitive for the detection of rotator cuff injuries and detection of bony lesions like Hill-Sach's and bony Bankart's lesion. CONCLUSIONS: MRA is a sensitive and specific modality for evaluation of anterior shoulder instability.

Thrombolysis utilisation in acute myocardial infarction in Bahrain.

We retrospectively studied 114 consecutive patients of acute myocardial infarction diagnosed in the Accident and Emergency department of our hospital, to determine the percentage of eligible patients who actually received thrombolytic therapy, the number of those excluded from receiving such therapy and the various exclusion criteria. We found that 66 patients (57.9%) received thrombolysis with either streptokinase or tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). The remaining 48 (42.1%) were excluded because of delayed presentation to hospital after the onset of symptoms (23.7%), old age or other contraindications. Although the percentage of thrombolysis utilisation in acute myocardial infarction in our centre is much higher as compared to others in the world, we find that there is a scope for improving these figures by reducing the number of patients excluded because of late presentation through health education and improved utilisation of ambulance services.

Ascitic fluid cholesterol in differential diagnosis of ascites.

Cholesterol was estimated in ascitic fluid of 89 patients (29 malignant and 60 non-malignant ascites). Mean ascitic cholesterol level was significantly higher in malignant ascites (89.52 mg/dl) as compared to non-malignant ascites (29.93 mg/dl). At a cut off value of 48 mg/dl, the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value and overall diagnostic accuracy for diagnosing malignant ascites is 96.5%, 96.6%, 93.3%, 98.3% and 96.6% respectively. Ascitic fluid cholesterol estimation is an easy and reliable test for differentiating malignant ascites from non-malignant ascites.

Serum and hair zinc in Indian childhood cirrhosis.

Zinc levels in serum and hair were estimated in 32 cases of Indian Childhood Cirrhosis (ICC)--14 in Stage II and 18 in Stage III. Levels were compared with 20 cases of age matched healthy controls. Mean serum zinc level in ICC was 62.0 +/- 13.10 micrograms/dl as compared to 115.7 +/- 12.62 micrograms/dl in controls. The difference was statistically significant. Further, mean level of serum zinc (70.78 +/- 12.95 micrograms/dl) in Stage II was significantly higher than the level 55.88 +/- 8.16 micrograms/dl in Stage III, thereby showing an inverse relationship with the severity of the disease. Mean hair zinc level of 144.53 +/- 23.26 micrograms/g in ICC was much lower than that of 172.5 micrograms/g in controls. The study revealed an altered state of zinc nutrition in children with ICC.