Urinary Bladder Endometriosis.

Endometriosis is characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue in the ectopic foci outside the uterus.Usual sites of its occurence are ovaries, uterine ligaments, fallopian tubes, rectum and cervico-vaginal regions. Urinary tract is a rare site of occurence and accounts for 1-2% cases.84% of cases in urinary tract occur in urinary bladder. We report a case of urinary bladder endometriosis in a 35 years old female patient who presented with cyclical pain and hematuria with a mass in right posterolateral wall of the urinary bladder.

Spectrum of Histopathological Findings in Liver Biopsy.

The significance of abnormal liver function tests in the absence of diagnostic serology is unclear. The aim of this prospective study is to report liver biopsy findings in a large group of patients with unexplained abnormal liver biochemistry and correlate them with the clinical features to assess the severity of these diseases. Percutaneous liver biopsy is a relatively safe and accurate method of diagnosing liver disease and should be considered in such cases. A total of 65 liver biopsies were studied, of which, 26.15% (n=17) hepatic tumors, 23.08% (n=15) cirrhosis, 20.00% (n=13) fatty liver and 06.15% (n=4) viral hepatitis were seen. Further, 01.54% case (n=1) each of alcoholic hepatitis, benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis, extrahepatic biliary atresia, granulomatous hepatitis, neonatal hepatitis, Niemann-Pick disease and secondary biliary cirrhosis were also observed. Liver biopsy was non specific in 9.23% (n=6) and inadequate in 4.62% (n=3) cases .The role of histopathological examination of liver biopsy is highlighted in this paper.

Pleomorphic MPNST of Breast.

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) are a rare type of soft tissue sarcomas accounting for 5-10% of all sarcoma cases.They are a tumor of adult age group occuring in patients 20-50 years of age.Though these tumors due to their schwann cell origin may occur anywhere near a nerve trunk, breast is a rare site of its occurence.They are rare breast tumors which in association with type 1 neurofibromatosis syndrome .We report a case of pleomorphic MPNST occuring in a 32 years old female patient without any evidence of Neurofibromatosis 1 syndrome.

Extraosseous Chordoma of Retropharyngeal Space.

Chordomas are malignant bone neoplasms that originate from embryonic notochordal remnants, and they affect the skull base and the spine1. The cervical spine chordoma extends rarely into retropharyngeal space. However, primary chordoma of retropharyngeal space with no involvement of axial skeleton is very rare. These tumours are called as extraosseous chordoma2. We present a rare case of a 36-year old male patient presenting with extraosseous retropharyngeal space chordoma with no bone involvement anywhere in the entire skeleton.

FNAC of Lymph Node Disorders.

Introduction: Fine needle aspiration cytology (=FNAC) is most popular diagnostic aid in patients with lymphadenopathy. This paper proves it to be highly sensitive also. Materials and Methods: The study comprises 300 lymph node aspirates done at Shri Mahant Indiresh Hospital of SGRR Medical College during a period of two years from January 2009 to December 2010. Results: Cytology was unsatisfactory in 3.3% (n=3) cases; showed reactive non specific lymphadenitis in 41.7% (n=125) cases; tuberculosis in 31.7% (n=95) cases; primary lymphomas in 6.3% (n=19) cases and metastatic tumor in 10.7% (n=32) cases. Conclusion: FNAC is a very sensitive procedure in patients with lymphadenopathy; sensitivity of 96.7% reported in our study.

Pilomyxoid astrocytoma.

Pilomyxoid astrocytoma (PMA) is a recently described brain tumor. PMA shares similar features with pilocytic astrocytoma (PA), the most common central nervous system (CNS) tumor in the pediatric population, yet displays subtle histologic differences. We describe a case of PMA in a six-year-old male involving sellar and suprasellar region presenting with failure to thrive and delayed developmental milestones. The histological findings revealed a tumor composed of a monotonous population of loosely arranged cells with delicate piloid like processes, within a prominent myxoid background. The tumor lacked biphasic appearance, Rosenthal fibers, eosinophilic granular bodies and calcification that are commonly observed in classical PA. Previous studies have shown PMA to behave more aggressively than PA, with shorter progression-free survival as well as a higher rate of recurrence and CNS dissemination. Thus, recognition of PMA and its distinction from classical PA is very important.