Epidemiological characteristics of patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in Dongyang City / 预防医学

Objective @#To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) in Dongyang City, Zhejiang Province from 2017 to 2022, so as to provide insights into SFTS prevention and control. @*Methods@#Data pertaining to patients with SFTS in Dongyang City from 2017 to 2022 were collected from Notifiable Infectious Disease Reporting System of Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. The epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with SFTS were descriptively analyzed, and the trends in incidence of SFTS was evaluated using annual percent change (APC). @*Results@#A total of 32 SFTS cases were reported in Dongyang City from 2017 to 2022, with mean annual incidence of 0.63/105, and 8 cases died, with a fatality rate of 25.00%. The incidence of SFTS appeared a tendency towards a rise from 2017 to 2022 (APC=40.697%, P<0.05). The male to female ratio of SFTS cases was 0.78∶1, and farmer was the predominant occupation (31 cases, 96.88%). SFTS predominantly occurred among individuals at ages of 51 to 69 years (20 cases, 62.50%), and the incidence peaked during the period between March and May and between July and August (28 cases, 87.50%). SFTS cases were reported in 11 out of the 18 townships (streets) in Dongyang City, with the highest number found in Zuocun Township (8 cases, 28.13%), and had the lowest platelet count of (41.46±5.19)×109 platelets/L, with the lowest count of (3.00 to 67.00) ×109 platelets/L. All the SFTS cases had a history of mountain forest and farmland activities 2 weeks prior to onset of the disease, and 5 cases (15.63%) had a history of tick bites.@*Conclusions@#The incidence of SFTS appeared a tendency towards a rise in Dongyang City from 2017 to 2022, and SFTS was highly prevalent in spring and summer, with high incidence among farmers. Intensified health education of SFTS is recommended among residents in high-incidence areas.

Application and evaluation of droplet digital polymerase chain reaction in detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Objective　To analyze the nucleic acid detection results of severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) by droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) and compare with the detection results of real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), so as to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of detection, and to provide data support for optimizing the nucleic acid detection scheme of SARS-CoV-2. Methods　According to the SARS-CoV-2 specific primer probe published by the China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, a ddPCR detection method for SARS-CoV-2 was designed. One sample was selected for sensitivity test after gradient dilution; six respiratory virus nucleic acid positive samples including seasonal H3N2 influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 positive samples were selected for specificity test; five SARS-CoV-2 positive samples were selected for repeatability test; in addition, 30 positive and 20 negative SARS-CoV-2 samples were selected for multiple clinical samples testing, and the results were analyzed and compared with those of qRT-PCR. Results　The ddPCR method can specifically detect SARS-CoV-2, and directly obtain the original copy number of the sample target gene to achieve accurate quantification; the sensitivity test of gradient dilution positive samples showed that qRT-PCR detected target genes in part of the 10-5 dilution of samples, and no target genes were detected in 10-6 dilution, while ddPCR detected all target genes in both 10-5 and 10-6 dilution of samples. The detection limit of ddPCR was two orders of magnitude higher than that of qRT-PCR, and the sensitivity was higher than that of qRT-PCR; in the comparison of the repeatability test results of the two methods, the coefficient of variation of ddPCR was 1.266%-11.814%, lower than 1.729%-26.174% of qRT PCR, and the repeatability was higher than qRT-PCR; among 50 clinical samples, 30 positive samples of confirmed cases of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) were detected by both methods, SARS-CoV-2 was successfully detected by both methods, and 20 negative samples of COVID-19 were detected by both methods, and the results were negative, with a coincidence rate of 100.00% (50/50). Conclusion　The ddPCR method can accurately quantify SARS-CoV-2 with strong specificity, and its sensitivity and repeatability are higher than those of qRT-PCR, but it also has certain detection limitations and is more suitable for the detection of low load samples. In the actual detection, the two methods can be reasonably combined to improve the detection accuracy.

The influence of COVID-19 prevention and control measures on the transmission and epidemic of influenza in Chongqing / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Objective　To evaluate the influence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) prevention and control measures on the transmission and epidemic of influenza in Chongqing, so as to provide references for formulating targeted influenza prevention and control strategies. Methods　The influenza surveillance data, during the year 2018 to 2020, were collected through the "China Influenza Surveillance Information System", and the seasonal characteristics of influenza epidemic were analyzed. The percentage of influenza like cases (ILI%) and influenza virus positive rate between 2020 and 2018-2019 were compared, so as to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 prevention and control measures on influenza epidemic characteristics. Results　The annual proportions of ILI cases in Chongqing were respectively 3.53%, 2.23% and 1.2% from 2018 to 2020, while the positive rates of influenza virus were respectively 13.97%, 23.81% and 2.65%. The distribution trend of ILI% from 2018 to 2019 fluctuated were similar, but it continued to drop and remain at a low level since February 2020. The positive rate of influenza virus showed an epidemic peak from December to March in 2018-2019, also peaked from November 2019 to January 2020, but decreased to 0 in March. ILI% was positively correlated with the positive rate of influenza virus (r=0.404 8, P<0.05). In 2020, compared with the same period of 2018-2019, the growth rate of ILI% was -66.09% and -46.32%, respectively. The positive rate of influenza virus in 2020 decreased by 81.03% and 88.87% compared with the same period of 2018-2019, respectively. The growth rates of influenza virus positive rate in January 2020 were decreased with a small rate of about 39.87%, and with a significantly decline of more than 93.65% from February. No influenza epidemic was found after March. Conclusions　Since COVID-19 prevention and control measures were implemented in January 2020 in Chongqing, the ILI% and the positive rate of influenza virus in sentinel hospitals decreased significantly. In the season of high incidence of respiratory infectious diseases, personal protection and other measures can effectively reduce influenza virus infection.

Effect of dentin surface treatments on the bond strength of resin-modified glass ionomer cement / 口腔疾病防治

@#Resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) has good physical, chemical and biological properties and is suitable for the treatment of deciduous caries, aged root surface caries and wedge-shaped defects. Surface treatment is a common method to improve bonding strength, which can improve physical and chemical retention between different components. This paper mainly introduces the current research status of the influence of different dentin surface treatment methods on the bonding strength of RMGIC. At present, the common dentin surface treatment methods are pretreatment, acid etching, laser treatment, etc. The pretreatment agent can improve the bond strength of RMGIC by increasing the surface area and porosity of dentin. The bond strength of RMGIC could be effectively improved after the dentin was treated by an acid-etching bonding system. The dentin was treated with a laser to obtain a higher bonding strength. However, whether the use of resin adhesives will affect the release of fluoride ions in RMGIC into the deep dentin and thus affect the repair effect also needs further research.

Study of the relationship between family environmental factors and dental caries status in children / 口腔疾病防治

Objective @#To assess family environmental factors that impact caries in children during a follow-up study for family-based community oral health promotion models.@*Methods@#This study was conducted from June to December 2015. A total of 200 households were selected from Jinzhou community in Nanning with the random sampling method. The data were collected through oral examinations and questionnaire surveys of family members. A logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between family environment factors, such as socioeconomic and family-related behaviors, and caries in children. @*Results@#After adjustment for confounding factors, families in which more than 1, 000 mL of sugar drinks were purchased per month; those in which the family members had a low frequency of brushing (occasionally or not); those in which the mother had a high frequency of drinking sweet drinks (more than one time each day), brushed with low frequency (less than 2 times), had no regular oral examination in the past year, or had low scores in oral health attitude and knowledge; those in which the father/mother had a low level of education (short-cycle courses and under); and those with a low annual household income (less than 50, 000 RMB) had children with high rates of dental caries. Families purchasing sugar drinks >1 000 mL per month were 2.22 times more likely than families purchasing sugar drinks ≤1 000 mL per month to have caries in children. @*Conclusion@#Family environmental factors exert a certain influence on children's caries, and this information is a useful reference for a follow-up study.

Comparative study on the inhibitory effect of dual specific oncolytic adenovirus and doxorubicin on breast cancer cells / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

@#Objective: To explore the difference in the proliferation inhibition of doxorubicin and dual specific oncolytic adenoviruses (Ad-VT, Ad-T, Ad-VP3 and d-Mock) on breast cancer cells and normal mammary cells. Methods: The proliferation inhibition rates of doxorubicin and recombinant adenovirus(Ad-VT, Ad-T, Ad-VP3and Mock) on breast cancer cells were detected through WST-1 experiment, and the effects of two drugs on the inhibitory rates of normal mammary epithelial cells were also detected. Moreover, the apoptosis rates of doxorubicin and oncolytic adenoviruses on breast cancer cells and normal mammary epithelial cells were evaluated by Annexin V flow cytometry, Hoechst and JC-1 staining, and the difference in the apoptosis rates were also compared. Results: All the recombinant adenovirus could effectively suppress the proliferation of breast cancer cells (P<0.05 or P<0.01), the inhibition effects followed the order ofAd-VT>Ad-T>Ad-VP3>Ad-MOCK, and the inhibition effect was positively correlated with time. Doxorubicin could also effectively suppress the proliferation of breast cancer cells (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the inhibition effect was markedly enhanced with the increases in does and time. However, doxorubicin also showed strong inhibition effect on the normal mammary epithelial cells, and the inhibition rate achieved 80% under 72 h and 5 ug/ml doxorubicin, while that of oncolytic adenovirus Ad-VT on MCF-10A was 20% at 72 h. The apoptosis effects of oncolytic adenoviruses-induced breast cancer cellwere increased with time, and the apoptosis rate efficiency followed the order of Ad-VT>Ad-T>Ad-VP3>Ad-MOCK, but they displayed low ability to induce normal mammary cell apoptosis. The apoptosis effects of doxorubicin-induced breast cancer cell were similar to that of the normal mammary epithelial cell (P <0.05 or P<0.01), which followed the dose of 0.05<0.5<5 μg/ml. Conclusion: Dual specific oncolytic adenoviruses can effectively suppress the proliferation of breast cancer cells, but they have low inhibition on normal mammary cells, which have displayed superior safety and provide a new method for the biotherapy of tumor.

One-step dilation technique in minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy / 中国内镜杂志

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of one-step dilation technique in minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy (MPCNL). Methods Clinical data of 2813 patients who underwent MPCNL by one-step dilation technique from February 2011 to March 2015 was retrospectively analyzed. Results 2813 patients were successfully underwent MPCNL by one-step dilation, including 2383 cases who were accessed by single tracts (84.71%) and 430 (15.29%) cases by multiple tracts. The mean operating time was (78.6 ± 41.1) min, the mean tract accessing time was (2.3 ± 0.8) min.The stone-free rate after one session operation was 78.59%. It improved to 91.50% one month after operation. During and after operation, 93 cases needed transfusion, 21 underwent selective renal artery embolization. Adjacent viscera damage: 9 cases with pleural lesions and 1 case with colon injury, 13 cases with urinary extravasation, perirenal hematoma in 15 cases, without liver and spleen injury. Septic shock in 2 cases, who was recovered after anti-infection treatment. Conclusion One-step dilation is safe and effective technique to establish tracts in MPCNL, which can reduce X-ray exposure and operation time, but does not increase the risk of bleeding.

One-step dilation technique in minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy / 中国内镜杂志

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of one-step dilation technique in minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy (MPCNL). Methods Clinical data of 2813 patients who underwent MPCNL by one-step dilation technique from February 2011 to March 2015 was retrospectively analyzed. Results 2813 patients were successfully underwent MPCNL by one-step dilation, including 2383 cases who were accessed by single tracts (84.71%) and 430 (15.29%) cases by multiple tracts. The mean operating time was (78.6 ± 41.1) min, the mean tract accessing time was (2.3 ± 0.8) min.The stone-free rate after one session operation was 78.59%. It improved to 91.50% one month after operation. During and after operation, 93 cases needed transfusion, 21 underwent selective renal artery embolization. Adjacent viscera damage: 9 cases with pleural lesions and 1 case with colon injury, 13 cases with urinary extravasation, perirenal hematoma in 15 cases, without liver and spleen injury. Septic shock in 2 cases, who was recovered after anti-infection treatment. Conclusion One-step dilation is safe and effective technique to establish tracts in MPCNL, which can reduce X-ray exposure and operation time, but does not increase the risk of bleeding.

SLC38A1 Promotes Proliferation and Migration of Human Colorectal Cancer Cells / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

Current studies have demonstrated that SLC38A1 proteins play a causal role in neoplastic cell transformation.The twofold aim of this study was to provide insight into whether a variance in the expression of SLC38A1 exists between human colorectal cancer and healthy human tissues and to determine how silencing or overexpressing the SLC38A1 gene could affect the proliferation,viability and migration of colorectal cancer cells.Immunohistochemical staining was used to analyze the expression of SLC38A1 in colorectal cancer tissues and adjacent normal mucosa in 77 patients who underwent surgical resection.The expression of SLC38A1 in colorectal cancer tissues and cell lines was detected using RT-PCR and Western blotting.Two colorectal cancer cell lines SW480 and HCT116 were used to examine whether silencing SLC38A1 with siRNA and overexpressing SLC38A1 with shRNA could affect cell viability and migration.As a result,the SLC38A1 protein was very low or undetectable in the normal colon mucosa.In contrast,strong staining of SLC38A1 protein was found in the cytoplasm in 79.2％ colorectal cancer samples.More pronounced SLC38A1 expression in colorectal cancer tissues was significantly associated with tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage.Inhibition of SLC38A1 reduced tumour growth and suppressed proliferation and migration of SW480 cells.In contrast,overexpression of SLC38A1 had the opposite effects on HCT116 cells.S LC38A1 is overexpressed in colorectal cancer,which suggests that it is associated with tumour progression.These results encourage the exploration of SLC38A1 as a target for intervention in colorectal cancer.

Reconstruction of abdominal wall defects using small intestinal submucosa coated with gelatin hydrogel incorporating basic fibroblast growth factor

To construct a new biomaterial-small intestinal submucosa coated with gelatin hydrogel incorporating basic fibroblast growth factor, and to evaluate the new biomaterials for the reconstruction of abdominal wall defects. Thirty six Sprague-Dawley rats were used in the animal experiments and randomly divided into three groups. The new biomaterial was constructed by combining small intestinal submucosa with gelatin hydrogel for basic fibroblast growth factor release. Abdominal wall defects were created in rats, and repaired using the new biomaterials (group B), compared with small intestinal submucosa (group S) and ULTRAPROTM mesh (group P). Six rats in each group were sacrificed at three and eight weeks postoperatively to examine the gross effects, inflammatory responses, collagen deposition and neovascularization. After implantation, mild adhesion was caused in groups B and S. Group B promoted more neovascularization than group S at three weeks after implantation, and induced significantly more amount of collagen deposition and better collagen organization than groups S and P at eight weeks after implantation. Small intestinal submucosa coated with gelatin hydrogel incorporating basic fibroblast growth factor could promote better regeneration and remodeling of host tissues for the reconstruction of abdominal wall defects.