Qingkailing Injection () for Treatment of Children Pneumonia Induced by Respiratory Syncytial Virus: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Qingkailing Injection (, QKL) for treatment of children pneumonia caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing QKL with ribavirin injection in the treatment of children pneumonia induced by RSV were searched in PubMed, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, Chinese VIP database, CNKI and Wanfang databases from their inception to March 2014. Meta-analyses were performed using RevMan 5.2 software. The methodological quality of the selected RCTs was evaluated by the Modified Jadad Score. The primary outcome measures were effective rate and the secondary outcomes were relief time of fever and cough.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Seven RCTs with 992 cases published from 2008 to 2013 were identified. The meta-analysis results indicated that QKL was more effective in cure rate [risk ratios (RR)=1.32, 95% CI (1.17, 1.50), P<0.01], total effective rate [RR=1.07, 95% CI (1.02, 1.13), P=0.009] and less fever clearance time [mean difference=-0.73, 95% CI (-1.22,-0.23), P=0.004], compared with ribavirin injection in the treatment of RSV-induced children pneumonia. No dead case was reported in all trials. There were 3 trials mentioned adverse events, 2 reported no obvious adverse event occurred while 1 reported adverse events described as skin hypersensitivity, elevation of ALT, a mild abnormal of hepatic and renal function in both QKL and ribavirin group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>QKL was an effective and relatively safe option for the treatment of RSV-induced children pneumonia. These therapeutic effects were promising but need to be interpreted with caution due to variations in the treatment and methodological weakness in the studies.</p>

Research progress in new technologies for extraction and separation of Chinese materia medica / 中草药

Extraction and separation technologies appeared in recent years are particularly reviewed in the principles, features, latest research and application results, and existing problems as well. These new techniques include ultrahigh pressure extraction (UPE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), pressurized solvent extraction (PSE), smashing tissue extraction (STE), heating-free extraction (HFE), high-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC), and molecular imprinting technique (MIT). Further research topics and application prospects of these extraction and separation technologies are also suggested, so as to provide the reference for the research and production of modern Chinese materia medica.

Optimization of ultrahigh pressure extraction process of chlorogenic acid and forsythiaside in Jinqiao Reduqing granules by Box-Behnken design-response surface methodology / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To optimize the ultrahigh pressure extraction (UPE) process of effective constituents from Jinqiao Reduqing granules by Box-Behnken design-response surface methodology. METHODS: On the basis of single factor screening, a three-factor and three-level Box-Behnken experimental design was employed, with solvent ratio (X1), extraction pressure (X2) and extraction time(X3) as independent variables. Dependent variables were transformed into desirabilities mathematically by Hassan's method. Data of overall desirabilities were fitted to a second order polynomial equation, through which three dimensional response surface graphs were produced. Optimum experimental conditions were selected from the stationary point of the response surfaces. RESULTS: Regression coefficient of binomial fitting complex model was as high as 0.9878. The optimum conditions of UPE were as follows: the materials were extracted for 38 s with 24 times amount of water, the extraction pressure was 112.1 MPa, and the extraction was performed for one tine. The bias between observed and predicted values was 5.27%. CONCLUSION: As a novel extraction technology for Chinese herbal medicine, the UPE procedure has higher extraction yield, lower extracting temperature, shorter extracting time and less power consumption. The UPE has provided a brand new method for extraction of chlorogenic acid and forsythiaside from Jinqiao Reduqing granules.