RESUMO
To evaluate the promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis effects of Danshen-Honghua(DH) herb pair with different preparations (alcohol, 50% alcohol and water) on blood rheology and coagulation functions in acute blood stasis rats, and optimize the best preparation method of DH based on principal component analysis(PCA), hierarchical cluster heatmap analysis and multi-attribute comprehensive index methods. Ice water bath and subcutaneous injection of adrenaline were both used to establish the acute blood stasis rat model. Then the blood stasis rats were administrated intragastrically with DH (alcohol, 50% alcohol and water) extracts. The whole blood viscosity(WBV), plasma viscosity(PV), erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR) and haematocrit(HCT) were tested to observe the effects of DH herb pair with different preparations and doses on hemorheology of blood stasis rats; the activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT), thrombin time(TT), prothrombin time(PT), and plasma fibrinogen(FIB) were tested to observe the effects of DH herb pair with different preparations on blood coagulation function and platelet aggregation of blood stasis rats. Then PCA, hierarchical cluster heatmap analysis and multi-attribute comprehensive index methods were all used to comprehensively evaluate the total promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis effects of DH herb pair with different preparations. The hemorheological indexes and coagulation parameters of model group had significant differences with normal blank group. As compared with the model group, the DH herb pair with different preparations at low, middle and high doses could improve the blood hemorheology indexes and coagulation parameters in acute blood stasis rats with dose-effect relation. Based on the PCA, hierarchical cluster heatmap analysis and multi-attribute comprehensive index methods, the high dose group of 50% alcohol extract had the best effect of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis. Under the same dose but different preparations, 50% alcohol DH could obviously improve the hemorheology and blood coagulation function in acute blood stasis rats. These results suggested that DH herb pair with different preparations could obviously ameliorate the abnormality of hemorheology and blood coagulation function in acute blood stasis rats, and the optimized preparation of DH herb pair on promoting blood effects was 50% alcohol extract, providing scientific basis for more effective application of the DH herb pair in modern clinic medicine.
RESUMO
Objective: To investigate the chemical constituents of Carthamus tinctorius. Methods: Compounds were isolated by a combination of various column chromatography over silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and pre-HPLC and their structures were identified by spectral analytical methods of MS and NMR and/or comparison with literature data. Results: Twenty compounds were isolated from the ethanol extract of C. tinctorius. Their structures were identified as kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucoside (1), scutellarein (2), hexacosanoic acid (3), (2S)-1-O-heptatriacontanoyl glycerol (4), 4,4-dimethyl heptanedioic (5), 5,7,4'-trihydroxy-6- methoxyflavone-3-O-β-D-rutinoside (6), n-tetratriacont-20,23-dienoic acid (7), vanillic acid (8), gallic acid (9), tetrephthalic acid mono-[2-(4-carboxy-phenoxycarbonyl)-vinyl] ester (10), esculetin (11), 6-hydroxyapigenin-6-O-β-D-glucoside-7-O-β-D-glucuronide (12), quercetin-3,7-di-O-β-D-glucoside (13), 6-methoxykaempferol (14), syringing (15), E-1-(4'-hydroxypheny)-but-1-en-3-one (16), ursolic acid (17), 1-hexadecanoyl propan-2,3-diol (18), citrostadienol (19), and scopoletin (20). Conclusion: Compounds 1, 5, 7, 10, 18, and 19 are isolated from the plants of Carthamus L. for the first time, and compounds 2-4, 6, 8, 9, 11, 17, and 20 are obtained from C. tinctorius for the first time.
RESUMO
Ictal semiology is essential for the pre-operative evaluation of candidates for epilepsy surgery. We propose an ictal sign of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) termed tonic-automotor (TA), defi ned as contralateral tonic spasm of upper limb associated with ipsilateral hand automotor seizure and often accompanied ipsilateral head turning. We assessed the occurrence and lateralizing/localizing value of TA in TLE, we analyzed 129 seizures in 41 patients with TLE: 90 seizures in 30 patients with TLE of hippocampal sclerosis (TLE/HS) and 39 seizures in 11 patients with TLE of other lesions (TLE/ non-HS). When compared with unilateral automotor seizure and unilateral tonic spasm, TA occurred more frequently in TLE/HS patients (40% vs 10% and 16.7%). In addition, 24 seizures in 12 patients with TA were observed only in TLE/HS patients and contralateral to the seizure focus based on the side of tonic spasm. However, there was no signifi cant difference in the TLE/HS between dominant side and nondominant side. In addition, TA sign occurred relatively early in the ictal phase. Thus, TA may be a more reliable lateralizing sign of epileptogenic zone and a semiologic marker of TLE/ HS patients.