Expert consensus on the prevention and treatment of drowning in children / 中国当代儿科杂志

Drowning is a leading cause of accidental injury in children and has a great impact on family and society. The prevention and treatment of drowning is of great importance for reducing mortality rate. This consensus reviews the literature on the epidemiology, rescue, resuscitation, and acute clinical management and prevention of drowning. The panel determines the score of available evidence according to the criteria of Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine and then makes recommendations on evidence based on such criteria, so as to provide a basis for further reducing the mortality and disability rates caused by drowning.

Effects of adipose-derived stem cells and non-methylated CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides on peripheral blood CD4CD25regulatory T cells in young mice with food allergy / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC) and non-methylated CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODN) on the expression of peripheral blood CD4CD25regulatory T (Treg) cells in young mice with food allergy, as well as their immune intervention effects.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 40 female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into control group, allergic group, ADSC treatment group, and CpG-ODN treatment group, with 10 mice in each group. A mouse model of food allergy was established by intraperitoneal injection and intragastric administration of ovalbumin (OVA) for sensitization and challenge. The mice in the control group were treated with normal saline at the same dose; the mice in the ADSC treatment group were given intraperitoneal injection of ADSC (1×10cells for each mouse) before and after OVA challenge, and those in the CpG-ODN treatment group were given intraperitoneal injection of non-methylated CpG-ODN solution (40 μg for each mouse) at 1 hour before challenge by gavage. The allergic symptom scores were determined for each group after model establishment. ELISA was used to measure the serum level of OVA-IgE. Flow cytometry was used to measure the percentage of peripheral blood CD4CD25Treg cells. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used for the pathological analysis of the jejunum.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The allergic group had significantly higher allergic symptom scores and serum level of OVA-IgE than the control group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the allergic symptom score and the serum level of OVA-IgE between the ADSC treatment group and the CpG-ODN treatment group (P>0.05), but these two groups had significantly lower allergic symptom scores and serum level of OVA-IgE than the allergic group and significantly higher allergic symptom scores and serum level of OVA-IgE than the control group (P<0.01). The allergic group had a significantly lower percentage of peripheral blood CD4CD25Treg cells than the control group (P<0.05). The ADSC treatment group and the CpG-ODN treatment group had a significantly higher percentage of peripheral blood CD4CD25Treg cells than the allergic group (P<0.05); there were no significant differences between these two groups or between them and the control group (P>0.05). Pathological results showed structural damage and edema in the jejunal villi, a large number of eosinophils, and lymphocyte infiltration in the allergic group, while the ADSC treatment group and the CpG-ODN treatment group had less structural damage and edema in the jejunal villi, a lower number of eosinophils, and less lymphocyte infiltration.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>ADSC and non-methylated CpG-ODN have a certain effect in the treatment of food allergy and can increase the percentage of peripheral blood CD4CD25Treg cells and reduce the level of OVA-IgE. They may be associated with the induction of immune tolerance and these two treatment have comparable effects. Detailed mechanisms of action still need further investigation.</p>

Immunoregulatory effect of adipose-derived stem cell transplantation in young mouse model of food allergy / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the immunoregulatory effect of adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC) transplantation by intraperitoneal injection in food-allergic young mice before and after ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-two 3-week-old female Balb/c mice were randomly divided into control, allergic model, ADSC treatment, and ADSC prevention groups (n=8 each). A young mouse model of food allergy was established by OVA sensitization via intraperitoneal injection. Each mouse from the prevention and treatment groups was transplanted with 1×10(6) ADSCs on days 1 and 15 post-sensitization, respectively. The allergic symptoms of all groups were observed and scored. The jejunal villi and inflammatory cell infiltration were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Serum levels of allergy-related inflammatory cytokines were measured by Luminex.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the allergic model group, the ADSC prevention and ADSC treatment groups had significantly reduced allergic symptom scores (P<0.05). The two groups also showed significantly alleviated allergic pathological damage of the jejunal mucosa. Serum levels of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-17A, IL-22 and IL-23 were significantly lower in the ADSC prevention and treatment groups than in the allergic model group (P<0.05). However, the ADSC treatment group had a significantly increased serum interferon-γ level and a significantly reduced serum monocyte chemotactic protein-1 level compared with the allergic model and ADSC prevention groups (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>ADSC transplantation, performed before or after sensitization, has an immunoregulatory effect on food allergy in young Balb/c mice, but this effect is better if transplantation is performed after sensitization.</p>

Effect of non-methylated CpG-ODN on serum TGF-β and immune regulation in ovalbumin-sensitized young mice / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effect of non-methylated cytosine-phosphate-guanine oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODN) on serum transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and immune regulation in ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized young mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty female BALB/c mice (2-3 weeks old) were randomly divided into control, model, and CpG-ODN intervention groups. A young mouse model of food allergy was established by OVA sensitization. Normal saline of the same volume was used for replacement in the control group. The mice in the intervention group were intraperitoneally injected with CpG-ODN solution 1 hour before every OVA sensitization. Allergic symptoms were observed and scored for each group. The jejunal tissue was histopathologically examined with hematoxylin-eosin staining. Serum OVA-IgE level was measured using ELISA. Serum concentrations of interleukin (IL)-4, interferon (IFN)-γ, and TGF-β were determined by CBA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Allergic symptoms were observed in the model group and the jejunal tissue showed the pathological characteristics of type I allergic reaction. The allergic symptom scores in the model and CpG-ODN intervention groups were significantly higher than in the control group (P<0.01). The serum levels of OVA-IgE, IL-4, and TGF-β were significantly higher in the model group than in the control and CpG-ODN intervention groups (P<0.05). The CpG-ODN intervention group had significantly higher serum levels of OVA-IgE, IL-4, and TGF-β than the control group (P<0.05). Compared with the control and CpG-ODN intervention groups, the model group had a significantly reduced IFN-γ level (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The serum TGF-β level is increased in the young mouse model of OVA-sensitized food allergy and is involved in the allergy mechanism. Non-methylated CpG-ODN can reduce the serum TGF-β level in sensitized young mice and play an immunoregulatory role in food allergy.</p>

Changes and Significance of Serum High-Sensitivity C Reactive Protein and Platelet Parameter Levels in Newborns with Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To explore the changes of high-sensitivity C reactive protein(hs-CRP) and platelet parameter levels in newborns with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy(HIE)and its clinical significance.Methods Thirty-five infants with HIE and 16 healthy newborns were selected as study cases and controls respectively by automantc biochemistry analyzer.Serum hs-CRP content was measured by reaction rate method;Platelet parameter levels were detected by collecting blood samples from peripheral vascular of heel,and the activity of creatine kinase(CK),creatine phosphokinase isoenzyme(CK-MB),lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),alpha-hydroxybntyric dehydrogenase(?-HBDH),alanine transaminase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST) were assayed as well.Results 1.The hs-CRP levels in newborns with HIE increased obviously in acute stage,and significant difference were observed compared with controls(P0.05).2.PLT in newborns with HIE decreased significantly in acute stage compared with that of controls(P0.05).3.The values of CK,CK-MB,LDH,?-HBDH,AST,ALT in newborns with HIE were significantly higher than those in controls in acute stage(P