RESUMO
Objective@#The present study was designed to evaluate the protective effects of oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPC) in mice exposed to paraquat (PQ) , and to explore the molecular mechanism.@*Methods@#Four experimental groups were designed. Control group: 10 BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally injected with normal saline) . PQ group: 10 BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally injected with PQ (100 mg/kg) . PQ+OPC group: 10 BALB/c mice were administered with OPC (100 mg/kg) for 1 h before PQ (100 mg/kg) expo-sure. OPC group: 10 BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally injected with OPC (100 mg/kg) . The peripheral blood samples or lung tissue samples were collected at the designed time points for measuring the levels of oxi-dative stress indicators, the related protein levels of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway and nuclear fac-tor erythroid related factor-2 (Nrf2) pathway.@*Results@#Compared with the control group, the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) , the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the PQ group were significantly induced, and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the PQ group was decreased in the peripheral blood. As com-pared with the PQ group, the level of ROS and the content of MDA in the PQ+OPC group were significantly re-duced, the activity SOD in the PQ+OPC group was increased in the peripheral blood; the level of ROS and the content of MDA were also reduced in lung tissues in the PQ+OPC group. Moreover, compared with the con-trol group, the phosphorylation of IκBα and the expression of NF-κB p65 were increased in lung tissues in the PQ group. The phosphorylation of IκBα and the expression of NF-κB p65 were decreased in lung tissues in the PQ+OPC group as compared with the PQ group. In addition, compared with the control group, the expressions of HO-1 and Nrf2 were increased in lung tissues in OPC group, and these were decreased in lung tissues in PQ groups. Furthermore, the expressions of HO-1 and Nrf2 were also increased in lung tissues in PQ+OPC as com-pared with the PQ group.@*Conclusion@#OPC could alleviate PQ-induced systemic toxicity in mice by regulating oxidative stress via NF-κB and Nrf2 pathway.
RESUMO
Objective To observe the month age distribution of peroxisome proliferators activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) expression in rat kedney. Methods Wistar rats aged 3 months,12 months and 24 months were made as models who represented young, middle-aged and old group respectively. Western blotting, immunohistochemical (IHC) and in-situ hybridization (ISH) were used to detect the expression and location of protein and mRNA of PPARγ in rat kidney. Results Western blotting results showed that the expression of PPARγ protein was higher in 3 months group than in 24 months group (0.94±0.05 vs. 0.78±0.02, P＜0.01) and 12 months group (0.87±0.04, P＞0.05), and it reduced in 24 months group than in 12 months group (P＞0.05). By IHC,the PPARγ protein was localized predominantly in the nuclear of tubular epithelia and collecting duct cells in each group. In old age group, PPARγ protein was also detected little in the mesangial and Bowman's capsule epithelial cells. Meanwhile, the distribution of PPARγ mRNA with ISH was consistent with above findings. Additional, semi-quantitative analysis of ISH results verified that the level of PPARγ mRNA decreased with ageing. Conclusions As a nuclear transcription factor,PPARγ participates in the regulation of rat kidney aging.