Syphilis infection and its high risk factors among men who have sex with men by different recruitment channels / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To understand the syphilis infection and its high risk factors among men who have sex with men (MSM) recruited from different channels.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Supported by the China-Gates Foundation HIV program from July to December 2011, we cooperated with community based organizations to conduct syphilis testing intervention among MSM from 14 cities (Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Chongqing, Harbin, Shenyang, Qingdao, Xi'an, Nanjing, Wuhan, Hangzhou, Changsha, Kunming, and Guangzhou) and one province (Hainan province). Participants were recruited from different channels by the staff of local CBOs, Demographic (e.g. age, marital status, and education) and behavioral (e.g. condom use and sexual partners) data were collected using anonymous questionnaires. Blood samples were also collected to test for syphilis. A total of 34 100 MSM participated in the survey. Participants were excluded from data analysis (1 399, 4.1%) if they did not receive syphilis tests or they completed less than 80.00% of the key questions in the survey. Chi-square tests were used to understand the socio-demographic and behavioral differences between each group. Results of syphilis tests were also compared. Logistic regression models were used to test the statistical significance of these differences.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 32 701 MSM were enrolled and received syphilis testing. The average age of participates was 30.96 ± 9.57. And among them, 2 284 cases (7.0%) were recruited from gay bathhouses, 4 774 (14.6%) from gay bars, 6 266 (19.2%) from the internet, 1 997 (6.1%) from the parks/toilets and 17 380 (53.1%) from other channels. MSM recruited from the bathhouses had the highest syphilis infection rate than other 4 groups: gaybars (4.5%, 216/4 774), internet (6.7%, 422/6 266), parks/toilets (8.3%, 166/1 997), other channels (6.4%, 1 103/17 380) (χ² = 164.58, P < 0.001). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that being > 20 years of age (P < 0.001), having more than 2 homosexual partners in recent 3 months (8.0% (1 408/17 714), OR (95% CI) = 1.44 (1.04-1.98)), having no sex with females in past 3 months (6.8% (1 446/21 276), OR (95% CI) = 1.25 (1.07-1.46)), and not using condom at last anal sex (8.0% (769/9 668), OR (95% CI) = 1.13 (1.03-1.25)) were associated with a higher probability of being infected with syphilis. Whereas MSM married (7.2% (456/6 305), OR (95% CI) = 0.84 (0.73-0.98)), having a college or a higher education (5.3% (829/15 684), OR (95% CI) = 0.60 (0.53-0.67)), being local residents (6.5% (1 843/28 185), OR (95% CI) = 0.73 (0.61-0.87)) and living in the local province of project cities (6.6% (170/2 593), OR (95% CI) = 0.67 (0.53-0.85)) were protective factors.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>MSM who were recruited from gay bathhouses have a higher rate of syphilis infection than those in channels relatively. They are older, with low education levels and high-risk sexual behaviors. Tailored interventions are required in the future, especially for MSM from gay bathhouses.</p>

The feasibility of Community Health Service Center-based HIV prevention and intervention in China / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore and analyze the feasibility of Community Health Service Center(CHSC)-based HIV prevention and intervention in China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Data on case finding and case management indexes were collected from 42 CHSCs in 8 cities from November, 2011 to December, 2012, and complemented by questionnaires to investigate the willingness to accept community-based HIV services among health care providers and the service targets.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>During November, 2011 and December, 2012, 6 729 person-times HIV tests were carried out among MSM in the cooperation between CHSCs and CBOs, and 235 HIV positives were found. A total of 40 CHSCs among 42 have conducted HIV rapid tests. The sample sources were broad and the HIV screening positive detection rate from high-risk populations in key divisions of CHSCs 0.66% (38/5 769) was higher than that in outreach high-risk populations 0.41% (15/3 623) and people receiving physical check 0.31% (20/6 532). HIV positive detection rate in CHSCs was higher 0.4% (96/23 609) than that in conventional medical institutions 0.1% (11 870/9 644 944) and newly found positives among the confirmed positives was a little lower 73.7% (56/76) than conventional programs 80.1% (8 038/10 039). The case follow-up and CD4(+) T cell testing rates in CHSCs were 100.0% (1 046/1 046) and 99.1% (1 037/1 046), respectively. The testing cost was 6.1 RMB per person on average, and the cost of 1 case found positive was 2 727.3 RMB on average. Among 361 service providers, 68.1% (246)and 91.4% (330) service providers were willing to be involved in AIDS response and support HIV service in local CHSCs. Among 755 service targets including people who seek health care in key divisions of CHSCs, MSM, and high-risk populations in local communities, 77.3% (348), 73.9% (173) and 78.1% (57) were willing to accept free HIV tests in local CHSCs.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The effect of case finding and case management in CHSCs was good and the cost of conducting HIV tests and finding new cases were relatively low, meanwhile, most of the service provides in CHSCs and service targets support HIV service in local CHSCs. The future CHSC-based HIV prevention and intervention was feasible.</p>

Bone remodeling of rabbit tibia diaphysis cortical bone under bending force / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:The stress changes of bone are the main simulation sources for bone remodeling. At present, the research on the relationship between stress and bone remodeling focuses on the effect of axial stress on bone remodeling, while the research on bone remodeling under bending force is rare. OBJECTIVE:To observe the bone remodeling of rabbit tibia diaphysis cortical bone in growth phase under bending force. METHODS:A bone window with the diameter of 2.5 mm was made 0.5 cm from the medial distal epiphyseal line of rabbit proximal left tibia, and then ice saline was used to cool the tibia and memory al oy film. After cooling, the memory al oy stripe was straightened and implanted into the tibial bone marrow cavity through the bone window. The direction of memory al oy stripe implantation:two ends of the memory al oy stripe arrived to the lateral cortex after rewarming, and the curve apex arrived to the medial cortical bone, fol owed by the sutured wound. The continuous internal bending force was loaded on the rabbit tibia diaphysis through the shape memory al oy stripe implanted into the tibial bone marrow cavity in order to observe the bone remodeling mode of tibia diaphysis cortical bone under long-term bending force. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After 6 months continuous bending force, the thickness of cortical bone on the tension stress side of tibia diaphysis was decreased, while the thickness on the compressive stress side was increased, and no obvious bending deformation was observed. The thickness of the cortical bone on the compressive stress side was associated with the stress distribution on tibia. The tibia with integrity structure exhibited an inherent“resistance”to the bending stress, this indicating that the bone shaft of the long bone without fracture had no potential of force line correction basical y. The results suggested that the bone remodeling model of tibia diaphysis cortical bone had the advantages of less trauma, control ed force, less influence on the growth and metabolism, no limitation on the animal activities and meet the physiological state, which was an ideal model of bone remodeling.