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Natural Calculus Bovis,one of the precious traditional Chinese medicines,is the dried gallstone in bovine gallbladder,bile duct or hepatic duct.It is one of the essential components of the formulation of a variety of traditional Chinese medicines.Due to high price and rareness of natural Calculus Bovis,Chinese researchers have developed artificial Calculus Bovis,cultured Calculus Bovis and Calculus Bovis Sativus as substitutes of it.They are mainly composed of bilirubin,bile acids,amino acids and inorganic elements.Due to the co-existence of natural Calculus Bovisa and its substitutes in the market,and the complex composition of them,identification,quality control and material basis study of them are important issues in recent years.Currently,the quality control of them mainly focus on cholic acid and bilirubin.In order to fully solve the quality control problem of natural Calculus Bovis and its substitutes,researches on testing techniques of other bile acids or other components have already started.In this paper,research progress on the chemical compositions,quality control and the test technology of bilirubin,bile acids,amino acids and other components of Calculus Bovis are reviewed,in order to provide reference for further research of Calculus Bovis.
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With the advent of bezoar substitutes, bezoar compound has been widely used in clinics. Bezoar is commonly applied in the traditional prescriptions for emergency. Due to the complex compositions and difficult soluble constituents, the prescriptions show the disadvantages of low bioavailability and slow onset in clinical application, and the effectiveness is usually related with the adminis-tration route and characteristics of dosage form of the preparations. The exiting bezoar compound and its new dosage forms were summa-rized in the paper, and the existing bezoar compound preparations were stated according to the characteristics of dosage forms and com-pound clinical application in order to promote the development and application of bezoar new dosage forms.
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Objective To investigate the compatible stability of alanylglutamine by using continuous series infusion device,and provide experimental evidence for reasonable clinical use of alanylglutamine. Methods pH,osmolality and quantity of insoluble particles were measured by using pH meter, automatic freezing osmometer and intelligent particle detector respectively.A HPLC method was built for the determination of the content of alanylglutamine. Results pH and quantity of insoluble particles of the two tested groups did not change significantly over time. Osmolality and the content of alanylglutamine fluctuated greatly in the first half an hour. Conclusion Continuous series infusion device may not mix each bottle of solution very well.It is suggested to premix these solutions to ensure the stability of the dilution ratio and the osmotic pressure of the mixture in the process of the infusion.
RESUMO
Objective:To evaluate the inhibitory effect of 5 Chinese herbal medicinal ingredients baicalin, andrographolide, hes-peridin, polyphenols and daidzein on the activity of carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) and carboxylesterase 2 (CES2). Methods: The spe-cial probes respectively for CES1 and CES2, namely imidapril and CPT-11, imidaprilat and SN-38, were used to investigate the poten-tial effect of the above drugs on CES1 and CES2 in rat liver microsomes incubation system. Results:Compared with that in the control group, the activity of CES1 and CES2 was not significantly influenced by the above 5 Chinese herbal medicinal ingredients ( P <0. 05). Conclusion:Baicalin, andrographolide, hesperidin, polyphenols and daidzein exhibit no inhibitory effect against CES1 and CES2, and further studies should be conducted to confirm the effect in vivo.