RESUMO
Liver cancer has always been a threat to national health since liver disease has a high incidence rate in China. At present, methods for the prevention and treatment of liver cancer have unsatisfactory effects in clinical practice, and with in-depth studies, scholars have changed their focus to cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in tumor microenvironment. More and more evidence has shown that CAFs may provide a new target for the prevention and treatment of liver cancer. This article summarizes the role of CAFs in the development and progression of liver cancer and the potential of CAFs in the treatment of liver cancer.
RESUMO
As a novel form of programmed cell death different from cell necrosis, apoptosis, and autophagy discovered in recent years, pyroptosis is characterized by cell membrane rupture and release of cell contents and proinflammatory factors mediated by gasdermin, thus leading to cell death. Pyroptosis signaling pathways can be classified into classical pathways dependent on caspase-1 and non-classical pathways dependent on caspase-4/5/11; the activation of caspase-1 in classical pathways depends on the function of inflammasome, while the direct activation of caspase-4/5/11 is observed in non-classical pathways, which leads to the lysis of gasdermin D and induce the formation of membrane pores, the maturation and release of interleukin-1β and interleukin-18, and the rupture of cell membrane to cause pyroptosis. Latest research has shown that pyroptosis plays an important role in the development and progression of chronic liver diseases. This article introduces the mechanism of pyroptosis and summarizes the role of pyroptosis in the development and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, viral hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma, in order to provide new ideas and methods for the prevention and treatment of liver diseases in clinical practice.