RESUMO
Objective To identify the spatial distribution pattern of Oncomelania hupensis spread in Hubei Province, so as to provide insights into precision O. hupensis snail control in the province. Methods Data pertaining to emerging and reemerging snails were collected from Hubei Province from 2020 to 2022 to build a spatial database of O. hupensis snail spread. The spatial clustering of O. hupensis snail spread was identified using global and local spatial autocorrelation analyses, and the hot spots of snail spread were identified using kernel density estimation. In addition, the correlation between environments with snail spread and the distance from the Yangtze River was evaluated using nearest-neighbor analysis and Spearman correlation analysis. Results O. hupensis snail spread mainly occurred along the Yangtze River and Jianghan Plain in Hubei Province from 2020 to 2022, with a total spread area of 4 320.63 hm2, including 1 230.77 hm2 emerging snail habitats and 3 089.87 hm2 reemerging snail habitats. Global spatial autocorrelation analysis showed spatial autocorrelation in the O. hupensis snail spread in Hubei Province in 2020 and 2021, appearing a spatial clustering pattern (Moran’s I = 0.003 593 and 0.060 973, both P values < 0.05), and the mean density of spread snails showed spatial aggregation in Hubei Province in 2020 (Moran’s I = 0.512 856, P < 0.05). Local spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that the high-high clustering areas of spread snails were mainly distributed in 50 settings of 10 counties (districts) in Hubei Province from 2020 to 2022, and the high-high clustering areas of the mean density of spread snails were predominantly found in 219 snail habitats in four counties of Jiangling, Honghu, Yangxin and Gong’an. Kernel density estimation showed that there were high-, secondary high- and medium-density hot spots in snail spread areas in Hubei Province from 2020 to 2022, which were distributed in Jingzhou District, Wuxue District, Honghu County and Huangzhou District, respectively. There were high- and medium-density hot spots in the mean density of spread snails, which were located in Jiangling County, Honghu County and Yangxin County, respectively. In addition, the snail spread areas negatively correlated with the distance from the Yangtze River (r = −0.108 9, P < 0.05). Conclusions There was spatial clustering of O. hupensis snail spread in Hubei Province from 2020 to 2022. The monitoring and control of O. hupensis snails require to be reinforced in the clustering areas, notably in inner embankments to prevent reemerging schistosomiasis.
RESUMO
Objective To investigate the current situation of management of institutions of schistosomiasis prevention and control in Hubei Province so as to explore the probable competency building standards for these institutions at the county and township levels. Methods By using a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods the institutions of schistosomiasis prevention and control at county and township levels were investigated for the institutional setup staffing and fulfillment func-tions since the reform of 2004. Results Among 63 schistosomiasis endemic counties cities districts of Hubei Province there were 26 independent schistosomiasis control institutions 41.27% there were 24 institutions which were incorporated in-to CDC 38.10% and there were no institutions in 13 counties 20.63% . Among 518 endemic towns there were 299 institu-tions 57.72% . The total staffing size were 1 932 but there were 1 586 82.09% people actually working in the post and therefore there were 346 17.91% empty positions. The average rates of carrying out the six functions were 91.48%-71.19%but only 19.23%of the institutions participated in the comprehensive schistosomiasis control management project and its effect assessment. Conclusion According to the management model for schistosomiasis control institutions under the current institu-tional mechanisms we need a rigorous industry standard to constrain guide and standardize the management and capacity-building of the institutions in different historical periods.
RESUMO
Objective To understand the human resources of the grassroots institutions of schistosomiasis control and pre?vention so as to provide the evidence for formulating the standards of institutional capacity?building. Methods By using the combination of quantitative and qualitative methods the hierarchy of schistosomiasis control institution workers structural fea?tures of workers and benefits of workers were investigated and the results were analyzed statistically after the 2004 reform. Re?sults The constituent ratios of personnel≤30 years old 30 to 45 years old and≥45 years old were 6.8% 64.0%and 29.2%respectively with an average age of 43.1 years. For education levels 61.35%of the personnel had secondary or high school lev?els. At the city level the structural proportion of the senior professional medium professional and primary professional titles was 1.4∶5.6∶3.0 and at the county level the proportion was 0.5∶6.1∶3.4. There was 14 200 yuan per capita at the township schistosomiasis control institutions. Conclusion The technology of the personnel in schistosomiasis institutions of Hubei Prov?ince is weak the average age of personnel is old and the salary is low.