RESUMO
Internet gaming disorder (IGD) refers to individuals who are extremely dependent on online games and can’t control the game time reasonably.Generally, individuals with IGD also display withdrawal symptoms when they do not play games.Combined with previous studies, this paper discussed the cognitive dysfunction and neural mechanisms of IGD individuals, including executive function, reward system and emotional regulation dysfunction.First of all, executive function is a high-level cognitive processing ability that involves cognitive and behavioral processes.Cognitive control is often associated with the individual's goal-directed behavior and the ability to flexibly apply the high-level cognitive function. Repeated and excessive game behaviors of IGD individuals may be associated with their abnormal cognitive control and decision-making functions. And the attention process as another important component of executive function. The persistent addictive behavior in individuals with IGD were associated with a bias toward attention to game-related cues.Also, IGD individuals show differences in executive function abnormalities such as decision-making and dominance response inhibition, suggesting that there is a separation between "cold" and "hot" executive function abnormalities, and this feature may also be associated with other cognitive dysfunctions. Secondly, reward incentives play an important role in individual motivational learning and goal-oriented behavior. The increased sensitivity of IGD individuals to reward stimuli in various types of reward and punishment stimuli suggests that their reward system is abnormal.Finally, emotional regulation is an important cognitive function that is closely related to executive function. The anxiety and depression manifested by IGD individuals are often associated with their inability to apply emotional regulation strategies flexibly. It is difficult for individuals with IGD applied emotional regulation strategies flexibly, and inappropriate emotional regulation strategies and emotional responses suggest abnormal mood regulation. To sum up, cognitive dysfunction was not only the basis of IGD addiction symptoms, but also one of the important factors of its symptom maintenance. In addition, the further research prospects included expanded sampling population, deepening neural mechanism research and physical intervention are proposed for the lack of previous research in the last part of the article.
RESUMO
Internet gaming disorder (IGD) refers to individuals who are extremely dependent on online games and can't control the game time reasonably.Generally,individuals with IGD also display withdrawal symptoms when they do not play games.Combined with previous studies,this paper discussed the cognitive dysfunction and neural mechanisms of IGD individuals,including executive function,reward system and emotional regulation dysfunction.First of all,executive function is a high-level cognitive processing ability that involves cognitive and behavioral processes.Cognitive control is often associated with the individual's goal-directed behavior and the ability to flexibly apply the high-level cognitive function.Repeated and excessive game behaviors of IGD individuals may be associated with their abnormal cognitive control and decisionmaking functions.And the attention process as another important component of executive function.The persistent addictive behavior in individuals with IGD were associated with a bias toward attention to game-related cues.Also,IGD individuals show differences in executive function abnormalities such as decision-making and dominance response inhibition,suggesting that there is a separation between "cold" and "hot" executive function abnormalities,and this feature may also be associated with other cognitive dysfunctions.Secondly,reward incentives play an important role in individual motivational learning and goal-oriented behavior.The increased sensitivity of IGD individuals to reward stimuli in various types of reward and punishment stimuli suggests that their reward system is abnormal.Finally,emotional regulation is an important cognitive function that is closely related to executive function.The anxiety and depression manifested by IGD individuals are often associated with their inability to apply emotional regulation strategies flexibly.It is difficult for individuals with IGD applied emotional regulation strategies flexibly,and inappropriate emotional regulation strategies and emotional responses suggest abnormal mood regulation.To sum up,cognitive dysfunction was not only the basis of IGD addiction symptoms,but also one of the important factors of its symptom maintenance.In addition,the further research prospects included expanded sampling population,deepening neural mechanism research and physical intervention are proposed for the lack of previous research in the last part of the article.
RESUMO
Objective To explore high stage affective theory of mind(ToM) of alexithymics.Methods 24 alexithymics (study group,TAS-20 ≥ 61) and 26 non-alexithymics (control group,TAS-20 ≤ 51) were screened from college students according to the sore of TAS-20.The scores of reading the mind in the eyes test(RMET),fixation numbers and fixation duration in area of interest (AOI) were recorded by HiSpeed Eye Tracker.The data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test and Chi-square test.Results There was no differences in scores of RMET between control group and study group (M(Q):23.50(5.00) vs 24.00 (5.00),Z=-1.044,P＞0.05).Fixation numbers and fixation duration in study group were higher than those in control group (fixation number:616.00(412.80) vs 579.00(371.30),Z=-2.010,P＜0.05;fixation duration:187363.35(106339.28)msvs 139087.55(67335.58)ms,Z=-2.632,P＜0.01).Conclusion Alexithymics are impaired in high stage affective ToM.
RESUMO
ObjectiveTo study theory of mind(TOM) of youngsters in alexithymia,and to assess the impairment in TOM by analysing affective and cognitive TOM and the first and second order judgment.MethodsTOM of 31 alexithymics and 30 healthy control subjects get be examined by the Chinese version of “Yoni task” and series of tests.ResultsThere were significant differences in affective TOM accuracy scores between alexithymics and healthy controls ( ( 35.81 ± 6.30) vs ( 39.83 ± 6.02),t =-2.55,P ＜ 0.05 ).Particularly,alexithymics got significantly lower accuracy scores in the second order judgement of affective TOM ( (24.55 ±6.01 ) vs (28.80 ± 6.04),t =-2.76,P ＜ 0.01 ).However,there were no in cognitive TOM accuracy scores between alexithymics and health controls ( ( 19.00 ± 2.11 ) vs ( 19.43 ± 2.13 ),t =-0.80,P ＞ 0.05 ).ConclusionAlexithymics are impaired in affective TOM,specially the second order judgement.
RESUMO
ObjectiveTo investigate the error monitoring and attention network in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).Methods 33 OCD patients and 31 healthy subjects were tested with the error monitoring task and attention network test.ResultsThere wcrc significant differences between the patients with OCD and heath controls on Full Correct(FC),Full Error(FE),the numbers of uncertain,the numbers of dropout in the error monitoring task ( FC ( 121.03 ± 4.41 ) / ( 135.61 ± 3.28 ),FE ( 19.30 ± 3.69 ) / ( 9.45 ± 2.33 ),the numbets of uncertain( 8.27 ± 2.16) / ( 2.87 ± 0.70),the numbers of dropout ( 13.70 ± 2.60 ) / (4.26 ± 1.24 ) ) (P ＜0.05 ).In the attention network test,the comparison between the patients with OCD and healthy subjects on the RT of the alerting network was significant differences (P ＜ 0.05 ).There was a significant correlation between attention network and error monitoring.ConclusionThe impairment of the error monitoring as well as attention network in patients with OCD may be involved in the dysfunction of anterior cingulate cortex.