Research advances of 3D printing in vascularization / 口腔医学

@#As the key to regeneration of oral and maxillofacial tissues such as bone, dental pulp and skin, vascularization has always been the focus of tissue engineering. With the development of three-dimensional (3D) printing in tissue engineering, there are increasing ways to construct vascular structures. However, to achieve the objective of highly simulating vascular structure in morphology and function and promote tissue repair, it is still a major difficulty for 3D bioprinting to construct highly precise and biologically functional simulated vascular structures. This paper summarizes new progress of 3D printing vascular structure, expounds frontier biological manufacturing technologies of vascular and vascularized structure such as suspension printing, coaxial printing, 4D printing, and so on, analyzes its advantages and disadvantages, and discusses its development prospect, in order to provide reference for the application of 3D printing blood vessels in regeneration and repair of oral and maxillofacial tissues.

A study on the perceived barriers of community nurses in evidence-based nursing practice / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore the barrier factors perceived by community nurses in evidence-based nursing practice.Methods:A cross-sectional survey of perceived barriers in 769 community nurses of China was conducted by using the Barriers to Research Utilization Scale from October 2017 to April 2018. In a semi-structured interview, a total of 15 community nurses were selected by purpose sampling for deeply exploring details of perceived barriers, the influencing of barriers and the needed supports for overcoming the barriers in evidence-based practice. The interview data were transcribed to text and analyzed by using thematic analysis in Nvivo 11.0.Results:Community nurses faced barriers including insufficient resources, support and ability of evidence-based practice of community nurses. The results of interview provided the details of these barriers which had negative impacts on community nurses. To overcome these barriers, evidence-based related training, enhanced supporting resources were needed.Conclusions:Community nurses are facing multiple barriers in evidence-based practice. To promote the ability of evidence-based practice of community nurses, it is necessary to strengthen the support from organization, personnel, resources, and improve the ability of community nurses in evidence-based practice.

Role of spinal Toil-like receptor 4 signaling pathway in development of inflammatory pain in rats / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To evaluate the role of spinal Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway in the development of inflammatory pain in rats.Methods Thirty-six adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups (n=12 each) using a random number table:control group,inflammatory pain group and TLR4 signaling pathway inhibitor epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) group (EGCG group).Inflammatory pain was induced by injecting 50 μl of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) into the ankle joint cavity of the left hindpaw of rats anesthetized with isoflurane.At 1-3 days after injection of CFA,EGCG 30 μg was intrathecally injected once a day in group EGCG.At 1,3 (30 min after intrathecal injection),5and 7 days after injection of CFA,the mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal paw withdrawal latency (TWL) were measured.The ipsilateral L4.5 segments of the spinal cord were removed at 3 days after CFA injcction for determination of TLR4 expression (by Western blot) and contents of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-oα),interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β in the spinal dorsal horn (by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay).Results Compared with control group,the MWT was significantly decreased and the TWL was shortened at each time point after injection of CFA,the expression of TLR4 in the spinal dorsal horn was up-regulated,and contents of TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-1β in the spinal dorsal horn were increased in inflammatory pain group (P＜ 0.05),and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in EGCG group (P＞0.05).Compared with inflammatory pain group,the MWT was significantly increased and the TWL was prolonged at each time point after injection of CFA,the expression of TLR4 in the spinal dorsal horn was down-regulated,and contents of TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-1β in the spinal dorsal horn were decreased in EGCG group (P＜0.05).Conclusion Spinal TLR4 signaling pathway is involved in the development of inflammatory pain in rats.

Hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma：imaging features and experience in clinical diagnosis and treatment / 中国癌症杂志

Background and purpose:Hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (HEHE) is an extremely rare, vascularly original tumor, and would be misdiagnosed easily in the clinical and imaging characteristics. This study aimed to investigate the imaging features of HEHE and our experience in clinical diagnosis and treatment, and to provide important reference for the diagnosis and treatment of HEHE in the future.Methods:This study retrospectively analyzed clinical manifestations, imaging features, pathological characteristics and treatment effects of 5 HEHE cases confirmed by pathology at Department of Integrative Cancer, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center.Results:The ratio of male to female patients was 2 to 3. HEHE predominantly occurred in middle-aged female patients whose ages range from 26 to 65 (mean=45.6). Imaging features of HEHE included multifocal hepatic disease (n=2), systemic multi-center multi-tissue occurrence (n=3). The ultrasound images showed isoechoic or hypoechoic lesions with no obvious blood lfow signal in the lesions. CT plain scan showed isointensity or hypointensity, while MR unenhanced with hypointense T1 signal and hyperintense T2 signal. The density or signal was uneven. Contrast-enhanced CT and MR images showed “slow in slow out”, obvious and variable degrees of peripheral rim enhancement. High FDG uptake showed delayed imaging characteristics (PET/CT). DSA angiography showed the tumor blood vessels were slim. After transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) surgery, lipiodol deposition within the lesion was not ideal. Under the microscope, tumor cells showed epithelial differentiation; angiogenesis was also visible. Immunohistochemistry staining showed CD31 and CD34 positive in all the 5 cases. Two cases treated with TACE combined with high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) and/or radiofrequency ablation (RFA) had good result.Conclusion:The clinical and radio-logical characteristics of HEHE are distinctive. Currently, for patients with systemic multi-organizational multi-center lesions, TACE combined with HIFU and/or RFA might be the most effective treatment method.