A Comparative Evaluation of Effects of Different Kinds of Sterilizations On Modulus of Modulus of Elasticity And Surface Topography of Copper Niti Wires - An Invitro Study.

Copper NiTi wires were This latest innovation in the evolutionary scale gives us the opportunity of choosing the force level by choosing the temperature at which the wires will deliver its optimum force level. With so many advantages and their ability to return to their original form coupled with the high cost of copper NiTi many clinicians started reusing the wire. This raises concern about disinfecting/sterilizing the wire before using in another patient for prevention of cross infection. Hence, various sterilization procedures like cold sterilization using 2% acidic Glutaraldehyde, dry heat sterilization and autoclaving were used to prevent this cross infection . Aim: The main aim of this study is used to evaluate the effects of different kinds of sterilization on Modulus of elasticity and surface topography of the 0.016 copper NiTi wires before and after sterilization procedure Materials and Methods: In the present study, Three point bending test along with tensile test was performed to evaluate the modulus of elasticity. Scanning electron microscope pictures were used to evaluate surface topography changes. Results: Pretreatment and post treatment values were statistically analyzed by one way ANOVA test. No detrimental changes were detected in tensile properties of copper NiTi were after single cycle of sterilization with any of the stated sterilants. Very minimal non significant changes occurred during the second cycle of sterilization procedure. There was no changes in surface topography of the wire either with dry heat or autoclaving. However, on second treatment cycle with 2% glutaraldehyde, some amount of surface pitting was seen. Conclusion: Dry heat sterilization and autoclaving have been found to have very minimal changes on the tensile properties of these wires after one or two cycles of sterilization procedures, but not statistically significant. No detrimental effect was found on surface topography with dry heat or autoclaving. Results support the use of these sterilization procedures as part of infection control process, if the clinician select to reuse these wires for one time only. However, of late, since there is easy availability and modest cost of these wires it is recommended to use new wires which are supplied sealed sterilized packs for each patient to comply with present admissible standard of hygiene and sterilization.

Neuropathic Pain Conditions Affecting Teeth - A Review For General Dentist.

The majority of toothaches originate in either the dental pulp tissues or the supporting periodontal structures. These pains of dental origin (odontogenic) are reasonably easy to diagnose and can be managed with regular dental procedures which includes endodontic treatment or extractions. Nonodontogenic neuropathic pains in the maxillofacial complex are challenging, as the differential diagnosis can include paroxysmal conditions. Frequently, dentists may face the complex challenge to diagnose and treat pain of a neuropathic origin in the orofacial region. This article reviews management of various neuropathic pain conditions that affect orofacial structures, including such conditions as atypical odontalgia (AO), trigeminal neuralgia (TN), and glossopharyngeal neuralgia (GPN). The above conditions should be considered during an endodontic evaluation when patients complain of dental pain with no obvious pathology. To determine the source of the pain, the dentist needs to obtain a detailed medical history that includes information about the condition’s duration, severity, pattern, and relieving factors. A thorough intraoral and extraoral clinical examination is mandatory to rule out odontogenic causes. Based on the pain history and the clinical examination, radiographic and other investigative procedures may be necessary to diagnose the condition. A good knowledge of nonodontogenic causes of pain may prevent unnecessary irreversible dental treatment. The diagnosis and management of nonodontogenic pain usually requires a multidisciplinary team approach involving a dentist, a neurologist, and an otolaryngologist.

A Comparative Evaluation of Effects of Different Kinds of Sterilizations On Load Deflection Characteristics, Tensile Properties of Copper NITI Wire- AN Invitro Study.

Copper NiTi wires were introduced by Sachdeva R and Miyasaki S in 1994. This latest innovation in the evolutionary scale gives us the opportunity of choosing the force level by choosing the temperature at which the wires will deliver its optimum force level. With so many advantages and their ability to return to their original form coupled with the high cost of copper NiTi many clinicians started reusing the wire. This raises concern about disinfecting/sterilizing the wire before using in another patient for prevention of cross infection. Hence, various sterilization procedures like cold sterilization using 2% acidic glutaraldehyde, dry heat sterilization and autoclaving were used to prevent this cross infection..Aim: The main aim of this study is used to evaluate the effects of different kinds of sterilization on load characteristics and tensile properties of copper Ni Ti wire. Materials and Methods: In the present study, selected mechanical properties like load deflection characteristics, ultimate tensile strength of the 0.016 copper NiTi wires were studied before and after sterilization procedure. Three point bending test was performed to evaluate the load deflection characteristics and tensile test were evaluated to determine other mechanical properties. Pretreatment and post treatment values were statistically analyzed by one way ANOVA test. Results: On the load deflection characteristics, even though there was an increase in the loading and unloading forces, statistically significant changes in the forces are seen only when the wires were subjected to two cycles of sterilization with autoclave and dry heat. No detrimental changes were detected in tensile properties of copper NiTi were after single cycle of sterilization with any of the stated sterilants. Very minimal non significant changes occurred during the second cycle of sterilization procedure. Conclusion: Pronounced changes in load deflection characteristics have been found in the wires which have undergone two cycles of sterilization with either dry heat or autoclave implying that there was loss in pseudoplastic and pseudoelastic properties of wires and increase in stiffness of wires.