Comparison of incidence of ptosis after combined phacotrabeculectomy with mitomycin C and phacoemulsification.

Objective: To compare the incidence of upper eyelid blepharoptosis after combined phacotrabeculectomy with mitomycin C and phacoemulsification surgeries and the relationship of bleb morphology to the incidence of ptosis. Design: Retrospective observation study. Participants: We included 46 patients after combined phacotrabeculectomy and 44 patients with phacoemulsification in the former group, and all eyes underwent a standardized two‑site surgery with intra‑operative mitomycin C. Materials and Methods: Postoperative ptosis was defined as a reduction of upper marginal reflex distance 2 mm in the operated eye compared to the fellow eye. Trabeculectomy bleb measurements were carried out using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (VisanteTM, Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA, USA) which included bleb height and total area of the bleb. Results: There were 8 eyes (17.4%) and 5 eyes (11.4%) with postoperative ptosis in the phacotrabeculectomy and phacoemulsification groups, respectively (P = 0.342). In multivariate regression analysis, reduced total bleb area was significantly associated with upper eyelid ptosis after adjusting for age, gender, and type of anesthesia. The trend seemed to show that increased bleb height was also associated with ptosis, but this did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: Incidence of persistent ptosis after phacoemulsification combined with trabeculectomy and mitomycin C is similar compared to stand alone phacoemulsification surgery in a multiethnic Asian population. Bleb morphology may play an important role in postoperative ptosis development and should be considered in the evaluation of upper eyelid blepharoptosis.

Management of angle closure glaucoma.

Primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) is equally prevalent in Indian in Asian population as the primary open angle glaucoma. Eighty-six percent of people with PACG are in Asia, with approximately 48.0% in China, 23.9% in India and 14.1% in southeast Asia. To understand PACG, it is mandatory to understand its classification and type of presentation with the underlying pathophysiology. The treatment options are medical, laser and/or surgical. The present article provides an overview of PACG.