Emergencies in HIV--part 2.

In a short span of two and a half decades, HIV/AIDS has emerged as second largest killer disease that has affected mankind. The triple drug antiretroviral therapy (ART) has ensured a reasonably good quality of life to HIV infected individuals. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with several opportunistic infections/malignancies that may be life threatening and need quick intervention by health care workers. These emergencies could be related to opportunistic infections that are seen at presentation or that occur as the immune system gets weaker, or may bedue to HIV itself per se. The emergencies could also result from use of antiretroviral drugs like lactic acidosis, pancreatitis, bone marrow suppression and may include the immune reconstitution syndromes. The emergencies due to the opportunistic conditions and HIV per se had been dealt with in detail in the part 1, and this part describes various emergencies that could be encountered due to the administration of the anti retroviral treatment. Some patients may present due to emergencies as a result of co-administration of antiretroviral drugs with drugs used for treatment of some opportunistic infections like ATT etc.

Emergencies in HIV medicine--part I.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is now a chronic manageable disease due to which is it imperative for reviewing various medical emergencies which an individual case may encounter. Emergencies may occur at any stage of the disease. HIV infection is associated with several opportunistic infections/malignancies that may be life threatening and need quick intervention by health care workers. These emergencies could be related to opportunistic infections that are seen at presentation or that occur as the immune system gets weaker, or may be HIV induced diseases like enteropathy and wasting, diarrhea leading to dehydration and its sequel, neurological complication like PML etc. and from complications resulting from use of anti-HIV medication like lactic acidosis, pancreatitis, bone marrow suppression and may include the immune reconstitution syndromes.