Research on Key Information of Classic Famous Prescription Huangqitang and Its Modern Clinical Application / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Huangqitang comes from the Taiping Huimin Hejiju Fang of the Song dynasty. It consists of four medicinal materials: Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus, Citrμs reticμlata， Cannabis sativa， and Apis cerana. It is a classic prescription for treating constipation in the elderly. This study systematically collated the literature records about Huangqitang in ancient Chinese medicine books and combined it with the current status of modern clinical applications to conduct in-depth analysis and research on the origin，composition， dosage, processing, preparation and administration, drug base, main symptoms， and other key information of the formula, so as to provide a strong reference for the development and clinical application of the classic Huangqitang compound preparation. Through systematic combing and textual research on the previous literature of Huangqitang， it can be seen that the formula of Huangqitang was first recorded in the Taiping Huimin Hejiju Fang， and the medical books of the past dynasties mostly adopted this formula. In terms of drug base， the dried roots of the leguminous plant Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus are used， and for tangerine， the dried outer peel of the Rutaceae plant Citrus reticμlata and its cultivated varieties are used. The Moraceae plant Cannabis sativa with the peel removed is selected, and the Apis cerana is selected from the honey brewed by Apis cerana， an insect of the Apidae family. In terms of dosage， although the dosage of some drugs changed during the Ming and Qing dynasties, the dosage records basically followed the original prescriptions from the Song dynasty. In terms of processing, preparation, and usage， although the drug processing， preparation， and usage of Huangqitang in the medical books of the past dynasties have changed slightly， they are basically the same as the original prescription of the Song dynasty. In terms of main symptoms, Huangqitang is designed to treat constipation in the elderly. From the Song dynasty to the Qing dynasty， it was mostly used to treat constipation， secret congestion, asthenia， etc. in the elderly. In modern times， it is clinically used to treat constipation due to Qi deficiency， functional constipation， irritable bowel syndrome， and other diseases in the elderly. No adverse reactions have been found yet. In the subsequent research and development， it is necessary to carry out mass spectrometry analysis of Huangqitang， in-depth exploration of its prescription efficacy and mechanism of action， and other multi-omics scientific research. At the same time， it is important to establish quality control standards to provide a reliable scientific basis for the research and development, clinical treatment， and drug supervision of Huangqitang compound preparations.

Advances in anti-invasive fungal drug delivery systems / 浙江大学学报·医学版

Currently, the first-line drugs for invasive fungal infections (IFI), such as amphotericin B, fluconazole and itraconazole, have drawbacks including poor water solubility, low bioavailability, and severe side effects. Using drug delivery systems is a promising strategy to improve the efficacy and safety of traditional antifungal therapy. Synthetic and biomimetic carriers have greatly facilitated the development of targeted delivery systems for antifungal drugs. Synthetic carrier drug delivery systems, such as liposomes, nanoparticles, polymer micelles, and microspheres, can improve the physicochemical properties of antifungal drugs, prolong their circulation time, enhance targeting capabilities, and reduce toxic side effects. Cell membrane biomimetic drug delivery systems, such as macrophage or red blood cell membrane-coated drug delivery systems, retain the membrane structure of somatic cells and confer various biological functions and specific targeting abilities to the loaded antifungal drugs, exhibiting better biocompatibility and lower toxicity. This article reviews the development of antifungal drug delivery systems and their application in the treatment of IFI, and also discusses the prospects of novel biomimetic carriers in antifungal drug delivery.

Geographic Variations in the Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Dyslipidemia among Chinese Adults in 2018-2019: A Cross-sectional Study / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the spatial patterns of the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control rates of dyslipidemia at the provincial level in China.@*METHODS@#A national and provincial representative cross-sectional survey was conducted among 178,558 Chinese adults in 31 provinces in mainland China in 2018-2019, using a multi-stage, stratified, cluster-randomized sampling design. Subjects, as households, were selected, followed by a home visit to collect information. Both descriptive and linear regression procedures were applied in the analyses.@*RESULTS@#The overall prevalence of dyslipidemia was 35.6%, and wide geographic variations of prevalence, treatment, and control rates of dyslipidemia were identified among 178,558 eligible participants with a mean age of 55.1 ± 13.8 years. The highest-lowest difference regarding the provincial level prevalence rates were 19.7% vs. 2.1% for high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, 16.7% vs. 2.5% for high total cholesterol, 35.9% vs. 5.4% for high triglycerides, and 31.4% vs. 10.5% for low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The treatment rate of dyslipidemia was correlated with the socio-demographic index ( P < 0.001), urbanization rate ( P = 0.01), and affordable basic technologies and essential medicines ( P < 0.001).@*CONCLUSION@#Prevailing dyslipidemia among the Chinese population and its wide geographic variations in prevalence, treatment, and control suggest that China needs both integrated and localized public health strategies across provinces to improve lipid management.

Reference values for carotid artery intima-media thickness among community adult dwellers in Shenzhen City / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: To establish reference values for carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) of adult dwellers in Shenzhen City. Methods: The study was conducted based on the Shenzhen heart failure epidemiological survey from 2021 to 2022. In this survey, residents aged 18 years and above in Shenzhen were selected by using a multi-stage stratified random sampling method. General information, cardiovascular disease (CVD) related behavior and carotid ultrasound examination and etc. were collected from the participants. People with CVD factors, a history of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, carotid plaque or having no carotid ultrasound examination results were excluded. The parameter regression model based on fractional polynomial was used to establish the reference values of CIMT by age and sex. Results: A total of 2 163 healthy individuals were enrolled in the final analysis, including 576 males (26.6%) and 1 587 females (73.4%). The fractional polynomial regression of the CIMT mean and standard deviation was obtained. For men, the regression was meanCIMT=0.324 7+0.006 9×age and SDCIMT=0.076 9+0.001 2×age. For women, the regression was meanCIMT=0.354 9+0.005 4×age and SDCIMT=0.041 6+0.002 0×age. Conclusion: The age and sex reference values for CIMT of adult people in Shenzhen established in this study could provide the latest reference standards for early screening of subclinical CVD.

Discovery of the mechanisms of acupuncture in the treatment of migraine based on functional magnetic resonance imaging and omics / 医学前沿

Migraine is one of the most prevalent and disabling neurological disease, but the current pharmacotherapies show limited efficacy and often accompanied by adverse effects. Acupuncture is a promising complementary therapy, but further clinical evidence is needed. The influence of acupuncture on migraine is not an immediate effect, and its mechanism remains unclear. This study aims to provide further clinical evidence for the anti-migraine effects of acupuncture and explore the mechanism involved. A randomized controlled trial was performed among 10 normal controls and 38 migraineurs. The migraineurs were divided into blank control, sham acupuncture, and acupuncture groups. Patients were subjected to two courses of treatment, and each treatment lasted for 5 days, with an interval of 1 day between the two courses. The effectiveness of treatment was evaluated using pain questionnaire. The functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were analyzed for investigating brain changes induced by treatments. Blood plasma was collected for metabolomics and proteomics studies. Correlation and mediation analyses were performed to investigate the interaction between clinical, fMRI and omics changes. Results showed that acupuncture effectively relieved migraine symptoms in a way different from sham acupuncture in terms of curative effect, affected brain regions, and signaling pathways. The anti-migraine mechanism involves a complex network related to the regulation of the response to hypoxic stress, reversal of brain energy imbalance, and regulation of inflammation. The brain regions of migraineurs affected by acupuncture include the lingual gyrus, default mode network, and cerebellum. The effect of acupuncture on patients' metabolites/proteins may precede that of the brain.

A real-world study of the effects of endocrine therapy on liver function in breast cancer / 中华外科杂志

Objective: To compare the effect of different endocrine therapy drugs on liver function in patients with early breast cancer. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted to include 4 318 patients with early breast cancer who received adjuvant endocrine therapy in Department of Breast Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2021. All the patients were female, aged (51.2±11.3) years (range: 20 to 87 years), including 1 182 patients in the anastrozole group, 592 patients in the letrozole group, 332 patients in the exemestane group, and 2 212 patients in the toremifene group. The mixed effect model was used to analyze and compare the liver function levels of patients at baseline, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 60 months of medication, and 1 year after drug withdrawal among the three aromatase inhibitors (anastrozole, letrozole, exemestane) and toremifene. Results: ALT and AST of the 4 groups were significantly higher than the baseline level at 6 months (all P<0.01), and there were no significant differences in total bilirubin, direct bilirubin and AST levels among all groups one year after drug withdrawal (P: 0.538, 0.718, 0.061, respectively). There was no significant difference in the effect of all groups on AST levels (F=2.474, P=0.061), and in the effect of three aromatase inhibitors (anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane) on ALT levels (anastrozole vs. letrozole, P=0.182; anastrozole vs. exemestane, P=0.535; letrozole vs. exemestane, P=0.862). Anastrozole and letrozole had significantly higher effects on ALT levels than toremifene (P<0.01, P=0.009). The proportion of abnormal liver function in each group increased significantly at 6 months compared with baseline, and then the proportion showed a decreasing trend over time. Conclusions: Three aromatase inhibitors (anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane) and toremifene can significantly increase the level of ALT and AST in patients with breast cancer, and the levels can gradually recover to the baseline after 1 year of drug withdrawal. The effect of non-steroidal aromatase inhibitors (anastrozole, letrozole) on ALT levels is greater than toremifene.

Effect of task-driven group workshop learning method in Nursing Education of Mongolian undergraduate nursing students / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore the effect of task-driven group workshop learning method on teaching satisfaction degree and practical ability in Mongolian medical nursing students.Methods:From September 2018 to January 2020, using convenient sampling method, a total of 38 Mongolian undergraduate nursing students of grade 2016 of Mongolian Medical College of Inner Mongolia Medical University were recruited as control group to receive traditional method, and the teaching practice activities were arranged after the main content was completed. Another 39 students of grade 2017 were recruited as observational group to receive task-driven group workshop learning method. The preparation of teaching practice tasks will run through all stages of teaching. The differences of students′ achievement, teaching satisfaction and autonomous learning ability between the two groups were compared.Results:The grade of observational group was 84.81 ± 3.45, higher than 76.16 ± 3.59 of the control group , which had significant difference ( t=-5.35, P<0.05). The score of teaching satisfaction of observational group was 82.00 ± 11.62, higher than 70.94 ± 6.65 in the control group, which had significant difference ( t=-5.10, P<0.05). The dimensions of information ability, cooperation ability and total score of the Autonomous Learning Ability Scale in observational group scored 39.28 ± 6.46, 24.54 ± 3.45, 98.13 ± 14.58, which were higher than 36.18 ± 5.46, 22.39 ± 3.59, 91.37 ± 11.47 in the control group, which had significant difference ( t=-2.27, -2.67, -2.26, all P<0.05). Conclusions:The task-driven group workshop learning method can improve the study result and the satisfaction of teaching, it can also improve the information ability and cooperation ability in Mongolian medical nursing students, which is worthy of reference in nursing teaching.

Association between short-term exposure to ambient nitrogen dioxide and the risk of heart failure hospitalization / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: To assess the association between short-term exposure level of nitrogen dioxide and the hospitalization risk of heart failure. Methods: Based on China-PEACE Retrospective Heart Failure Study, 117 364 hospitalized patients with heart failure were recruited from 92 hospitals in 62 cities throughout China between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2015. The daily exposure level of nitrogen dioxide, temperature, and humidity in the same cities during the same period were also collected. We applied the generalized additive model and Bayesian hierarchical model to quantify the lagged effect and cumulative effect of short-term (0-3 days) exposure to ambient nitrogen dioxide on the hospitalization risk of heart failure. We further conducted stratified analyses by age, region, and season to identify any difference in the associations between short-term nitrogen dioxide exposure and heart failure among subgroups. Results: The mean age for participants in the analysis was (70.32±12.22) years. The median, minimum and maximum of daily nitrogen dioxide concentration in 62 cities from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2015 was 26.4 μg/m3, 2.33 μg/m3 and 150.25 μg/m3, respectively. The exposure level of nitrogen dioxide at the same day was associated with the hospitalization risk of heart failure (OR=1.022, 95%CI: 1.012, 1.031). Significant effects were also observed in the moving average concentrations from lag 0-1 to lag 0-3 day (OR=1.020, 95%CI: 1.009, 1.030; OR=1.016, 95%CI: 1.004, 1.028; OR=1.013, 95%CI: 1.001, 1.026). Moreover, all of the associations between short-term exposure to nitrogen dioxide and the risk of heart failure hospitalization were statistically significant, with no significant difference in all subgroups stratified by age, region, and season. Conclusion: A higher level of short-term exposure to nitrogen dioxide could trigger more hospitalizations with heart failure.

Thumb-tack needles based on "Biaoben acupoint compatibility" for sequela of COVID-19 during recovery period / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effect of thumb-tack needles based on "Biaoben acupoint compatibility" on sequela symptoms, mental state and pulmonary ventilation function in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during recovery period.@*METHODS@#Fifty cases of COVID-19 during recovery period were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 25 cases in each group. The patients in the observation group were treated with thumb-tack needles at Guanyuan (CV 4), Zusanli (ST 36) and Taiyuan (LU 9). The patients in the control group were treated with sham thumb-tack needles at identical acupoints as the observation group. The treatment in the two groups was given once a day, 7-day treatment was taken as a course of treatment, and totally two courses of treatment were given. The TCM symptom score, Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA) score, Hamilton depression scale (HAMD) score, pulmonary function (forced vital capacity [FVC], forced expiratory volume in the first second [FEV1], peak expiratory flow [PEF]), the severity of pulmonary ventilation dysfunction and pulmonary imaging changes in the two groups were compared before and after treatment.@*RESULTS@#Compared before treatment, the total scores and each item scores of TCM symptom scale, HAMA scores and HAMD scores in the two groups were reduced after treatment (P<0.05). Except for the symptom scores of dry throat and dry stool, the total score and each item score of TCM symptom scale, HAMA score and HAMD score in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). Compared before treatment, FVC, FEV1 and PEF in the two groups were increased after treatment (P<0.05), and those in the observation group were higher than the control group (P<0.05). The severity of pulmonary ventilation dysfunction in the two groups was reduced after treatment (P<0.05), and the severity in the observation group was better than that in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the lung shadow area in the two groups was decreased (P<0.05), and that in the observation group was smaller than the control group (P<0.05). The improvement of imaging change in the observation group was better than that in the control group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The thumb-tack needles based on "Biaoben acupoint compatibility" could significantly reduce the sequela symptoms, anxiety and depression in patients with COVID-19 during recovery stage, and improve the pulmonary ventilation function.

Investigation on therapeutic potential and molecular mechanisms of Kunxian capsule against diabetic kidney disease via reversing the imbalance of "immune-inflammation" network / 药学学报

Drug repositioning provides new clinical indications for existing drugs. The imbalance between body's "immune-inflammation" regulation is one of the important factors in the occurrence and development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Chinese patent medicine Kunxian capsule is clinically used for treating rheumatoid arthritis with satisfying immune-modulatory and anti-inflammatory actions. Notably, accumulating clinical evidence based on small cohorts had shown that Kunxian capsule may be used to treat DN. But the underlying pharmacological mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, this study integrated "drug target-disease gene-biological pathway-function module" multi-level associated network analysis, and in vivo and in vitro experiments, to verify the pharmacological effects of Kunxian capsules in DN and to elucidate its molecular mechanisms. The experimental protocol was reviewed by the Laboratory Animal Welfare and Ethics Committee of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, and it complies with the relevant regulations on laboratory animal welfare and ethics. As a result, the network analysis showed that the candidate targets of Kunxian capsule against DN were significantly involved into various functional modules which were related to modulation of immune-inflammation system, basement membrane lesion, abnormal hemorheology, energy metabolism and hormone metabolism, and the number of targets enriched by PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway is the largest. In addition, both in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that Kunxian capsule by gavage effectively reduced blood glucose, improved insulin resistance, reduced blood lipid, inhibited renal extracellular matrix protein production and renal inflammation, improved renal function and pathological damages, and inhibited the activity of PI3K/AKT/NF-κB/TNF-α/IL-1β pathway in diabetic nephropathy rats. Collectively, these findings suggest the therapeutic potentials of Kunxian capsule to alleviate DN by regulating the imbalance of immune-inflammation system.

Clinical Efficacy of Modified Sanxiaoyin in Treatment of Mild or Moderate COVID-19 Patients： Based on Retrospective Analysis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo retrospectively analyze the clinical data of 52 patients with coronavirus disease-2019 （COVID-19） and explore the clinical efficacy of modified Sanxiaoyin on mild/moderate COVID-19 patients. MethodThe propensity score matching method was used to collect the clinical data of mild or moderate COVID-19 patients enrolled in the designated hospital of the Second Hospital of Jingzhou from December 2019 to May 2020. A total of 26 eligible patients who were treated with modified Sanxiaoyin were included in the observation group， and the 26 patients treated with conventional method were the regarded as the control. The disappearance of clinical symptoms， disappearance time of main symptoms， efficacy on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） symptoms， hospitalization duration， laboratory test indicators， and CT imaging changes in the two groups were compared. ResultThe general data in the two groups were insignificantly different and thus they were comparable. After 7 days of treatment， the disappearance rate of fever， cough， fatigue， dry throat， anorexia， poor mental state， and poor sleep quality in the observation group was higher than that in the control group （P<0.05）， and the difference in the disappearance rate of expectoration and chest distress was insignificant. For the cases with the disappearance of symptoms， the main symptoms （fever， cough， fatigue， dry throat， anorexia， chest distress） disappeared earlier in the observation group than in the control group （P<0.01）. After 7 days of treatment， the scores of the TCM symptom scale of both groups decreased （P<0.01）， and the decrease of the observation group was larger that of the control group （P<0.01）. All patients in the two groups were cured and discharged. The average hospitalization duration in the observation group ［（12.79±2.68） d］ was shorter than that in the control group ［（15.27±3.11） d］ （P<0.01）. The effective rate in the observation group （92.31%， 24/26） was higher than that in the control group （76.92%， 20/26） . After 7 days of treatment， the lymphocyte （LYM） count increased （P<0.05）， and white blood cell （WBC） count and neutrophil （NEUT） count decreased insignificantly in the two groups. Moreover， levels of C-reactive protein （CRP）， erythrocyte sedimentation rate （ESR）， and procalcitonin （PCT） reduced in the two groups after treatment （P<0.01） and the reduction in the observation group was larger than that in the control group （P<0.01）. Through 7 days of treatment， the total effective rate on pulmonary shadow in the observation group （90.00%， 18/20） was higher than that in the control group （77.27%， 17/22） （P>0.05） and the improvement of lung shadow in the observation group was better than that in the control group （P<0.01）. ConclusionModified Sanxiaoyin can significantly alleviate fever， cough， fatigue， anorexia， chest distress， poor sleep quality， and other symptoms of patients with mild or moderate COVID-19， improve biochemical indicators， and promote the recovery of lung function. This paper provides clinical evidence for the application of modified Sanxiaoyin in the treatment of mild or moderate COVID-19.

Thirty Cases of Front-orbital Fibrous Dysplasia: Intraoperative Optic Canal Localization with Three-bits Method and Outcomes Evaluation / 肿瘤防治研究

Objective To investigate the indications of optic canal decompression in the patients with front-orbital fibrous dysplasia and the methods of intraoperative optic canal localization and decompression. Methods We collected 30 cases of fibrous dysplasia. All patients had sufficient images assessment. Patients with symptoms underwent surgery, including front-orbital cranioplasty and optic canal decompression. The frontotemporal epidural approaches were used. If there was a proptosis, the approach was extended with the removal of superior orbital ridge. Six patients undertook intraoperative CT and MRI fusion navigation, assisting in confirming the trunk, orbital and cranial orifice of optic nerve. During the operation, the optic canals were decompressed by three-bits method, to confirm the position of optic nerve. Results There were 30 cases of optic canal decompression and one case of vision loss. The visual acuity and vision field of the remaining patients improved to varying degrees. The proptosis disappeared or alleviated after the operation. Thirteen cases were reconstructed with normal internal plate, five cases with titanium plate, nine cases without reconstruction, and two cases were paved with proliferative broken bone on the orbital top; one case recurred with exophthalmos again after five years, but the visual acuity did not decline. Conclusion For the patients with front-orbital fibrous dysplasia, active surgical treatment should be taken, optic canal decompression should be chosen for diminution of vision, craniofacial anaplasty and orbital decompression should be performed in patients with facial deformity. The epidural approach is a good option to locate the optic nerve from the orbital orifice or cranial orifice. Combined with the three-bits method, we can achieve safe and meticulous optic nerve decompression.

Clinical characteristics of pregnancy and lactation-associated osteoporosis and literature review / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective:To analyze nine cases of pregnancy and lactation-associated osteoporosis(PLO) along with a literature review to improve clinicians′ knowledge of the disease.Methods:We collected medical history, laboratory examination, bone mineral density(BMD) scan, treatment and follow-up data of 9 inpatients with PLO in the Endocrinology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2014 to June 2021.Results:The median age of onset of 9 patients with PLO was 30 years(22-37 years). All 9 patients presented low back pain, and the median time of low back pain after childbirth was 2.5 months(0.5-7 months). 89% of the patients presented vertebral compression fractures, and the mean number of vertebral fractures was 4.6. Eight patients with PLO showed osteoporosis by dual X-ray absorpiometry(DXA) scan, and one patient showed bone loss by quantitative CT scan. Osteoporosis predominated in the trabecular bone. After the diagnosis, nine patients with PLO stopped breastfeeding and were given calcium and vitamin D preparations. Seven patients were given bisphosphonates and one patient was treated with teriparatide followed by denosumab. The back pain of all patients was relieved, with the median of relief time being 3 months(7 d-6 m). After treatment initiation, BMD was increased in eight patients, especially obvious in the lumbar spine. No new clinical fractures occurred during the follow-up.Conclusions:For women with low back pain and shortened height in late pregnancy or breastfeeding, the possibility of PLO should be considered. Prompt diagnosis and early medical interventions are of utmost importance to reduce the risk of subsequent fractures and improve the prognosis.

Clinical observation on filiform-fire needling of "Biaoben acupoint combination" for 33 cases of sequelae of coronavirus disease 2019 during recovery period / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the clinical therapeutic effect of filiform-fire needling of "Biaoben acupoint combination" on the sequelae of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during the recovery period.@*METHODS@#A total of 33 patients with COVID-19 during the recovery period were treated with filiform-fire needling at the acupoints of Mingmen (GV 4), Shenzhu (GV 12), Gaohuang (BL 43), Zusanli (ST 36) and Shangjuxu (ST 37), etc., once every other day, 3 times a week, and 3 times was one course of treatment and totally 2 courses of treatment were required. The TCM symptom, Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA) and Hamilton depression scale (HAMD) scores, pulmonary function indexes (forced vital capacity [FVC], forced expiratory volume in one second [FEV1], peak expiratory flow [PEF]) and chest CT imaging change were observed before and after treatment, and the therapeutic effect was evaluated.@*RESULTS@#After treatment, the scores of TCM symptom, HAMA and HAMD were decreased compared with those before treatment (P<0.05), and the levels of FVC, FEV1 and PEF were increased compared with those before treatment (P<0.05), and the recovery rate of 22 patients with pulmonary ventilation dysfunction was 86.4% (19/22). After treatment, the lung shadow area was smaller than that before treatment (P<0.05). The effective rate of 25 patients with lung CT abnormalities was 84.0% (21/25). After treatment, 23 cases were cured, 5 cases were markedly effective, 4 cases were effective, 1 case was ineffective, the cured and markedly effective rate was 84.8%.@*CONCLUSION@#The filiform-fire needling of "Biaoben acupoint combination" could significantly reduce the sequelae of cough, fatigue, chest tightness, etc. and mental symptoms such as anxiety and depression in patients with COVID-19 during the recovery period, and promote inflammatory exudation absorption of pulmonary lesion and improve lung ventilation function.

Bioresponsive micro-to-nano albumin-based systems for targeted drug delivery against complex fungal infections

As a typical human pathogenic fungus,

Progress of circulating tumor cells in primary bone tumor / 肿瘤研究与临床

Some primary bone tumors are prone to hematogenous metastasis and after that, the therapeutic effect is not that good and prognosis is poor. Circulating tumor cells (CTC) shed from the tumor cells of primary or metastatic focus and then enter into blood circulation. CTC may appear in the early stage of the tumor, which can implant in distant organs to form metastatic sites and self-implant in the primary sites leading to the tumor recurrence; CTC are closely related with the prognosis of patients with tumors. In most primary bone tumors, CTC are heterogeneous compared with primary tumor cells. Studying CTC from various aspects can provide a basis for the early diagnosis and treatment of primary bone tumors. This review summarizes the current researches of CTC in common primary bone tumors, and expects the future of research direction and application practice in clinic.

Research progress of competing endogenous RNA in osteosarcoma / 中华骨科杂志

Osteosarcoma, the most common primary bone tumor in children and adolescents, is characterized by high malignancy, rapid progression and high metastatic potential. However, no significant progress has been made in treating osteosarcoma recently. The prognosis of osteosarcoma is usually unsatisfied. One of the main reasons is that we cannot be able to identify the Achilles heel of osteosarcoma. A growing number of evidence suggests that different types of RNA play various roles in the development of osteosarcoma. The competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) is a newly emerging theory, which can propose messenger RNA (mRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), pseudogene and other different transcripts. Therefore, it can play a role in the regulation of microRNA (miRNA) through competition. In the latest researches, it is shown that the interaction of these transcripts play an important role in the occurrence and development of osteosarcoma by mediating biological processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis and chemotherapy resistance of osteosarcoma cells. In addition, these different types of transcripts may provide new biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for osteosarcoma. The present studies review the development of ceRNA hypothesis, summarizes existing knowledge system of ceRNA, and develop a systematic review of the role of different types of ceRNA in the pathogenesis and biological function of osteosarcoma. This review could lay the foundation for the basic and clinical study of osteosarcoma and promote the early diagnosis and treatment effects of osteosarcoma.

Splenic histiocytic sarcoma: report of one case and review of literature / 白血病·淋巴瘤

Objective:To improve awareness of the diagnosis and treatment of splenic histiocytic sarcoma.Methods:The clinical data of one patient with splenic histiocytic sarcoma who was admitted to First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine in July 2020 were retrospectively analyzed, and the relevant domestic and foreign literature was reviewed.Results:The patient was diagnosed as splenic histiocytic sarcoma by histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations. The methylprednisolone combined with cyclosporine was ineffective. The patient received a total splenectomy, followed by chemotherapy with VECD and CHOP regimens. The patient's condition was stable during the 5-month follow-up after the operation. The result of bone puncture showed that there was no infiltration of histocytic sarcoma, and hematological remission was obtained.Conclusions:Splenic histocytic sarcoma is a highly malignant tumor with insidious onset, unclear pathogenesis, and lack of specificity in clinical manifestations and imaging examinations. The diagnosis depends on pathological biopsy and immunohistochemistry, and needs to be differentiated from other malignant tumors of lymphoid hematopoietic tissue. At present, there is no best treatment for splenic histiocytic sarcoma, and most patients have a poor prognosis.

Feasibility of neck circumference in evaluating adult obesity / 解剖学报

Objective To study the feasibility of neck circumference on the prediction of obesity by analyzing the relationship between the neck circumference and the obesity, and to provide the reference for the early prevention of obesity and related diseases. Methods A total of 1859 adults (911 males and 948 females) were selected from the four ethnic groups of Lingao, Li, Qiang and Baima as the subject of the study. The correlation between the neck circumference and body mass index (BMI), percent body fat, visceral fat index, waist circumference, waist hip ratio and body adiposity index were analyzed by correlation analysis, u test and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and Kappa consistency test. Results Neck circumference has significant positive correlations with several other obesity indicators. It has the least correlation with body adiposity index and waist hip ratio, and has greater correlation with waist circumference, visceral fat index, and percent body fat, and has the largest correlation with BMI. The average values of the neck circumference of the obesity group judged by different obesity indicators are larger than the normal group, and the difference is statistically significant. ROC curve analysis and Kappa consistency test show that the area under curve (AUC) of neck circumference and various obesity indicators are greater than 0.7, and the consistency of neck circumference, BMI and waist circumference is the best when judging obesity. Conclusion If the value of male neck circumference is greater than the critical cut point value 364.5, the female neck circumference value is greater than 319.5, which can be predicted that the BMI value is overweight or obese. When the neck circumference of male is greater than 370.5 and the neck circumference of female is greater than 319.5, it can be predicted that the waist circumference exceeds the standard, and the risk of central obesity increases.

Research progress of non-coding RNA carried by exosomes in cartilage repair of osteoarthritis / 中华骨科杂志

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative disease. Its most significant pathological change is destruction of articular cartilage and the main clinical symptoms are pain and dysfunction of joints. Recent studies have shown that the expression of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) in chondrocytes can abnormally up-regulate or down-regulate and alter the activities of chondrocytes like their proliferation, migration and apoptosis, thus leading to the occurrence and development of osteoarthritis. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with a diameter of 40-100 nm, which are secreted in intercellular fluid, act as medium of intercellular communication. They protect ncRNA, protein, lipid and other bioactive materials from enzymatic degradation by encapsulating them and transferring to sibling chondrocytes, due to their good tissue permeability. They can also improve communication between cells and regulate the activities of chondrocytes. Thus, exosomes behave like gene carriers. The ncRNA carried by exosomes can supplement or adsorb the abnormal ncRNA in chondrocytes, so as to regulate the activity of chondrocytes, and is therefore considered as a possible candidate with capabilities to repair cartilages. In this study we reviewed existing literatures related to the roles and effects of exosome miRNA, lncRNA and circRNA on osteoarthritis. We also reviewed the pathogenesis of exosome ncRNA in osteoarthritis.