A Rare Case of Posterior Horseshoe Abscess Extending to Anterolateral Extraperitoneal Compartment: Anatomical and Technical Considerations

Perianal abscess and fistula are 2 distinct entities that share a common pathology. A horseshoe fistulous abscess, a complex type of these conditions, occurs when the suppurative inflammation spreads through the deep anal space to the bilateral ischiorectal fossae. Following the intersphincteric plane, this infection may extend to the pararectal space, forming a supralevator abscess. We present a very rare case involving a 52-year-old male patient who was admitted to our surgical department with an extraperitoneal purulent inflammation as a complication following multiple drainage procedures for a posterior horseshoe abscess. Emphasis is given to the anatomical and technical considerations of eradication of anorectal sepsis and the management of complex fistula-in-ano along with a concise review of the literature.

Human subcutaneous dirofilariasis caused by Dirofilaria immitis in a Greek adult

Human dirofilariasis is a zoonotic infection caused by worms of the genus Dirofilaria. Most reported cases involve Dirofilaria repens, and D. immitis infection has been rarely reported. Canines act as a reservoir for the infection, while human infections are sporadic. Human dirofilariasis has been widely reported in South Europe; however, the worldwide distribution constantly changes. We herein report an extremely rare case of subcutaneous trunk dirofilariasis in a 45-year-old immunosuppressed woman, caused by D. immitis. The parasitic infection was detected using ultrasonography. The infection was confirmed by a polymerase chain reaction-based method and was attributed to D. immitis