The morphology of deep lumbar multifidus in patients with chronic low back pain / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective:To observe the morphological changes of the deep lumbar multifidus (DM) during rest and movement among persons with chronic low back pain (cLBP) using ultrasound imaging.Methods:Twenty-one cLBP patients and 30 pain-free healthy controls were studied. The resting thickness of the DM muscle was measured, and then its cross-sectional area and thickness during maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC). The results were correlated with pain intensity and duration.Results:The cLBP patients showed significant reductions in the DM′s resting thickness, and in its cross-sectional area and thickness during a MVIC compared with the healthy controls. The resting thickness of the DM was positively correlated with pain duration, but not with pain intensity.Conclusions:These results suggest that cLBP patients have atrophy and less thickness change during an MVIC. This should be considered in planning clinical rehabilitation training.

The effect of non-surgical spinal decompression on the paraspinal muscles of persons with lumbar disc herniation / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To explore the effect of non-surgical spinal decompression (SDS) on the surface electromyogram signals from the paraspinal muscles of patients with lumbar disc herniation (LDH).Methods Twelve patients diagnosed with L4.5 LDH were recruited and randomly dividcd into an SDS group and a control group,each of 6 according to their order of admission.The SDS group received spinal decompression,while the control group was given lumbar traction.The average surface electromyogram signals (AEMGs) were recorded before,during and after the treatment.Results Before the treatment,the AEMG values collected from the left and right erector spinae and multifidus of the SDS group were already significantly different from those of the control group.During the treatment,the AEMG values collected from the right erector spinae and multifidus of the SDS group remained significantly different from those of the control group.After the treatment,the AEMG values were still significantly different.Conclusions SDS relieves tension and fatigue of the paraspinal muscles better than lumbar traction.

Effect of Treatment of a Non-surgical Spinal Decompression System on Neck Muscle Surface Electromyography of Patients with Cervical Spondylotic Radiculopathy / 华中科技大学学报(医学版)

Objective To explore effect of treatment of a non-surgical spinal decompression system(SDS) on neck muscle surface electromyography(EMG)of patients with cervical spondylotic radiculopathy(CSR).Methods Sixty patients with CSR in Department of Rehabilitation Medicine at The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University in China between February 2014 and February 2016 were recruited and randomly divided into SDS group and control group,with 30 patients for each group.The SDS group and control group were treated with the SDS and general traction system for cervical traction respectively.Surface EMG telemeter was used to measure the surface EMG signals of the affected side cervical erector spinae muscle and sternocleidomastoid with the score of averaged EMG value(AEMG)and the median frequency(MF)as surface electromyogram signal evaluation indexes,and VAS and NDI as therapeutic effect evaluation indexes after a course of treatment.The data before and after the treatment were statistiacaly analyzed.Results During the first traction with tradtional traction or SDS,AEMG values of the cervical paraspinal muscle and sternocleidomastoi were significantly decreased and MF values significantly increased as compared with those before the traction (all P＜0.05).After a course of treatment,AEMG values of affected side cervical erector spinae muscle and sternocleidomastoi of SDS group were significantly decreased as compared with those before the treatment,and they were significantly lower in SDS group than in ordinary group (all P＜0.05);and MF values of affected side cervical erector spinae muscle and sternocleidomastoi in SDS group were significantly increased as compared with those before the treatment,and they were significantly higher in the SDS group than in the ordinary group (all P＜0.05).VAS and NDI scores of the two groups after a course of treatment were significantly lower than those before the treatment (P＜0.05),and VAS and NDI scores were significantly lower in the SDS group than in the ordinary group (P＜0.05).Conclusion SDS traction is superior to ordinary traction in relieving pain,improving function,relaxing neck muscles and alleviating muscle fatigue.

Analysis of Plantar Pressure Differences in Patients with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis and Influence of Insoles on Patients / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

[Objective] To explore the characteristics of the plantar pressure data of the patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).[Methods] 56 AIS patients who were diagnosed from October 2015 to March 2017 in the East branch of the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University divided into 3 groups,18 cases in spinal lateral bending to right,18 cases in spinal lateral bending to left,20 cases in type S who were thoracolumbar scoliosis.Another 19 healthy persons were as the control group.The left and right foot pressure,half foot pressure and other biomechanical data were compared.The changes of the plantar pressure and the Cobb angle were analyzed with the patients who wore orthopedic insoles.[Results] Compared with the control group,the mean pressure of the left foot and the pressure of the left anterior half of the right bending group were less than those of the control group,and the right half foot pressure were greater than those of the control group (P ＜ 0.017).To the left bending group,the mean pressure of right anterior half foot were less than those of the control group,and the right rear half foot pressure was greater than that of the control group (P ＜ 0.017).The pressure of the left anterior half foot of the S type scoliosis group was less than that of the control group.To the right bending group,the left foot average pressure (44.7％±6.0％) was significantly less than the average pressure of right foot (55.4％ ± 6.0％).There was no difference in bilateral plantar pressure of the left bending group,S type group and control group.There was difference with the plantar pressure distribution in patients with only one curve after they wore orthotic insoles,but there was no difference in patients with type S.There was no significant difference in the Cobb angle after the patients wearing the orthotic insoles (P =0.102).[Conclusions] The right and left foot pressure symmetry of the right bending patients is poor,but the left and right plantar pressure in the patients with type S is symmetrical.The orthotic insole can be used to adjust the plantar pressure distribution in patients with a single curved scoliosis (left or right),but their effect on the patient's spinal lateral curvature should be further observed.

Biomechanical analysis of lower limbs in adolescents patients with idiopathic scoliosis / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To analyze the biomechanical properties of the lower limb in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS),and to explore the relationship between the biomechanical anomaly of lower limbs and AIS.Methods A total of 116 AIS patients were recruited as the observation group,and another 116 healthy counterparts were selected as the control group.The biomechanical properties of the lower limbs including the torsion angle of the tibia,forefoot-rearfoot angle,rotation angle of the hip joint,leg length difference,and pronation of the ankle were measured and compared between the 2 groups.Then multiple factors regression analysis was conducted to reveal the risking factors for AIS.Results Significant differences were observed between the AIS group and the control group in the leg length difference [(5.94±6.07) mm vs (0.74±2.20)mm] and forefoot-rearfoot angle [(0.17±4.72) ° vs (-0.46±3.60)°] (P＜0.01).In the AIS group,significant differences were found in the rotation amplitude of the left and right ankle,with a difference of-1.27° at standard deviation of 3.28 (P＜0.01).Multi-factor regression analysis indicated that the leg length difference and forefootrearfoot angle were risk factors for AIS.The odds ratio of the leg length difference and forefoot-rearfoot angle were 1.45 and 0.97,respectively.Conclusions The leg length difference and forefoot-rearfoot angle are risk factors for AIS.

Change of Surface Electromyographic Signal during Lumbar Flexion-extension after Sling Exercise Therapy in Patients with Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To investigate the changes of surface electromyographic signal during lumbar flexion-extension after sling exer-cise therapy (SET) in patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain (CNLBP). Methods 30 patients with CNLBP received SET, 3 times a week for 4 weeks. The surface electromyographic signals of erector spinae and multifidus of both sides were collected, when they were in erect position, flexion motion, maximum voluntary flexion, and back to erect position, before and after intervention. The average electro-myogram (AEMG) was analyzed, and the flexion-relaxion ratio (FRR) was compared. Results The FRRs of both erector spinae and multifi-dus were lower in the painful side than in the healthy side before intervention (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the FRRs of both erector spinae and multifidus between 2 sides after intervention. Conclusion SET may improve the active motion function of the erec-tor spinae and multifidus of the painful side and recovery of flexion-relaxation phenomenon.

Effect of double-leg semi-squats with hip adduction on the vastus medialis oblique of patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To investigate the possible effect of performing double-leg semi-squats with hip adduction on the imbalance between vastus lateralis (VL) and vastus medialis oblique (VMO) muscles of patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS).Methods Thirty patients with PFPS were selected to be in the study group,matched with 30 healthy subjects who were enrolled as the control group.Electromyography was used to record VL and VMO activities while the subjects performed double-leg semi-squats (DSs) and double-leg semi-squats with hip adduction (DSs-HA).Results In the study group,when performing DSs,the average RMS was (103.31 ± 44.54) μV and the IEMG was (8.02 ±3.45) μVs for VL.For VMO the RMS was (85.02 ±41.19) μV and the IEMG was (6.72 ±3.20) μVs.The differences in the time domain indexes (RMS,IEMG) between VL and VMO were both significant during DSs (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant differences during DSs-HA (P ＞ 0.05).The time domain indexes (RMS,IEMG) of VMO were significantly different in both the DSs and DSs-HA (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Stronger sEMG signals were seen from the VMO in the double-leg semi-squats with hip adduction than without hip adduction,which indicates that more selective VMO activation can be obtained in the exercise with hip adduction to help balance the VL and VMO.

Surface Electromyography of Lumbar Muscles in Non-specific Low Back Pain Patients during Different Bridging Exercise / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To investigate the features of surface electromyography of lumbar muscles in non-specific low back pain (NLBP) patients when they were practicing different types of bridging exercise. Methods 18 healthy subjects (control group) and 18 NLBP patients (NLBP group) were included and asked to practice bridging exercise with single and double feet. The root mean square (RMS) of surface electromyography of both sides of lumbar muscles were recorded. Results No significant difference was found in the control group. The RMS of erector spinae was more in the supported side than in the contra side for NLBP patients in bridging exercise with single foot. There was no significant difference among different time points in the same muscle. Conclusion The contractions of erector spinae in both sides are not equal in asymmetric bridging exercise in NLBP patients.

Surface Electromyography of Lumbar Muscles in Non-specific Low Back Pain Patients during Different Bridging Exercise / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To investigate the features of surface electromyography of lumbar muscles in non-specific low back pain (NLBP) patients when they were practicing different types of bridging exercise. Methods 18 healthy subjects (control group) and 18 NLBP patients (NLBP group) were included and asked to practice bridging exercise with single and double feet. The root mean square (RMS) of surface electromyography of both sides of lumbar muscles were recorded. Results No significant difference was found in the control group. The RMS of erector spinae was more in the supported side than in the contra side for NLBP patients in bridging exercise with single foot. There was no significant difference among different time points in the same muscle. Conclusion The contractions of erector spinae in both sides are not equal in asymmetric bridging exercise in NLBP patients.

The curative effect of music-regulated laser therapy and the quality of life of patients with primary hyper-tension / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To assess the therapeutic effect of music- regulated laser therapy on mild and moderate primary hypertension (PH) so as to provide clinical evidence for the development of an effective non-drug therapy for hypertension. Methods One hundred mild and moderate PH patients were divided into obser-vation ( n = 50 ) and control groups ( n = 50 ) according to their stage of hypertension. There were two phases of treatment with 6 weeks in each phase for a total of 12 weeks. In the first phase, patients in the observation group received music-regulated laser therapy while the control group received drug therapy. In the second phase, the treatments were reversed, with the observation group receiving the drugs. The blood pressure and quality of life (QOL) of all the patients was evaluated after each phase. Results Before therapy there were no significant differences in average blood pressure or QOL between the groups. After the first phase, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) had been reduced significantly in both groups, but the decrease was significantly greater in the control group. The score on each item of the QOL evaluation was not significantly different between the two groups. After the second phase, blood pressure had decreased further in the observation group, but no significant change was observed in the control group, and there was no significant difference in blood pressure between two groups. The scores on each item of the QOL evaluation were not significantly different between the two groups, but average somatic symptoms, healthy and pleasant feelings, task perform-ance and life satisfaction were significantly ameliorated in both groups. Conclusions Music-regulated laser therapy can lower the blood pressure of mild and moderate PH patients effectively. Compared with antihyperten-sion drugs, music-regulated laser therapy provides a weaker effect in lowering blood pressure, but plays an e-quivalent role in improving the QOL of patients.

Patterns of Frequency Domain Indexes of Surface Electronic Signals of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Patients' Paraspinal Muscles / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To investigate the patterns of frequency domain indexes of surface electronic signals of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients' paraspinal muscles by using surface electromyographic (sEMG) techniques .Methods 25 AIS patients enrolled, 7 males, 18 females, ages range from 11 to 21 years old. All of the enrolled patients undertook the Biering Sorensen test(BST) and the object-lifting test, a Finland made type ME3000P sEMG instrument was applied to record the electronic activities of paraspinal muscles(convex /concave) of all subjects, and the frequency domain indexes: median frequency(MF）,mean power frequency(MPF）, zero crossing rate(ZCR）were analyzed.Results The wave amplitudes and scales of paraspinal muscles electronic frequency domain indexes(MF, MPF, ZCR) were lower than the other tested positions when recorded at the zone of apex vertebrae, and MFslope, MPFslope and ZCRslope all showed a linear degressive tendency as the exercise time was extended.Conclusion Paraspinal muscles at the zone of apex vertebrae have low fatigue durabilities and more likely to be exhausted. sEMG ought to be one of the objective examinations used to evaluate the differences of electronic activities of paraspinal muscles(convex /concave) of AIS patients, and may have a promising value in clinical practice.

Surface Electromyography Finding of Vastus Lateralis and Vastus Medialis during the Taijiquan Exercise / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To investigate the characteristic of vastus lateralis (VL) and vastus medialis (VMO) during the Taijiquan exercise with surface electromyography (EMG). Methods 15 healthy adults were collected their median frequency (MF), mean power frequency (MPF), zero crossing rate (ZCR), averaged EMG (AEMG) of bilateral VL and VMO when they maintained 5 Taijiquan typical posture. Results The differences were not significant in all those indexes between VL and VMO during the postures of Baihe Liangchi and Jinji Duli, and were significant during the postures of Louxi Aobu, Shizi Tui, Pubu (P<0.05), the VL's indexes were less. Compared with the maximum voluntary contraction, Taijiquan was the lower loaded, and more slow muscle fibers could be recruited. Conclusion Taijiquan is a lower loaded exercise, and more slow muscle fibers can be recruited, especially in the VMO in some actions.

A comparison of surface electromyographic signals recorded from the paraspinal muscles of adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis during three loading tests / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective Using surface electromyography (sEMG) techniques to investigate the patterns of frequency domain indexes of sEMC signals recorded from adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients' paraspinal muscles. Methods Twenty-five AIS patients were enrolled. All the patients undertook the Biering Sorensen test ( BST) ,the object-lifting test and a semi-bridge test, the ME3000P sEMG instrument was applied to record the electric activities of paraspinal muscles (convex/concave) of all subjects, and the time domain indexes such as averaged EMG(AEMG)and spectrum area(SPA) were analyzed, values in three tests were compared with one way ANOVA. Results The differences of AEMGs and SPAs on both convex and concave sides among the three tests showed no statistical significances (P = 0. 10,0.23, 0. 24 and 0. 45, respectively). Conclusions Any of the Biering Sorensen test( BST) , the object-lifting test or the semi-bridge test can be used to test the electric activities of paraspinal muscles (convex/concave) of AIS patients.

The therapeutic effects of Cheneau orthosis with different pressure areas on adolescent idiopathic scoliosis / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To observe the therapeutic effects of Cheneau orthosis with different pressure areas on the patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Methods Thirty patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis who had apex vertebraes below T6 were included, and randomly divided into group A in which patients wore orthosis spanning across 3 vertebra, and group B in which patients wore orthosis spanning across 5-6 vertebra. All patients were assessed with regard to Cobb degree, apex vertebrae rotary degree and pain index after wearing the orthosis. Results The rectified ratio of Cobb degree were 17% and 29% in groups A and B, respectively. There was a statistical difference between the 2 groups(P<0.05). No statistical difference was found between the 2 groups in terms of apex vertebrae rotary degrees(P>0.05). Pain index was 5.00 in group A, and 2.07 in group B, which was statistically different (P<0.05). Conclusions Increasing pressure points' areas of Cheneau orthosis properly can improve more effectively the lateral curvature angle of the patients with adolescent idiopathic seoliosis.