Difference of alkaloid components between old stems and tender stems of Gelsemium elegans / 中国中药杂志

This study aimed to comprehensively assess the difference of alkaloid components between old stems and tender stems of Gelsemium elegans by using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photo-diode array and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry( UPLC-Q-TOF/MS~E) and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with UV detector( HPLC-UV). Firstly,the different components in old stems and tender stems were analyzed by UHPLC-Q-TOF/MSEcombined with principal component analysis( PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis( OPLS-DA),respectively. As a result,17 major different components were found. At the same time,the distribution of these alkaloids in old stems and tender stems was determined,and the alkaloids with higher polarity are relatively higher in the tender stems,while the old stems are in the opposite case. In addition,three main components in the G. elegans were quantified by HPLC-UV. The results showed that the contents of koumine and humantenmine in old stems were higher than those in tender stems,and the content of gelsemine in tender stems was relatively high. This study systematically evaluated the differences of alkaloids between the old stems and tender stems of G. elegans,and quantified the main three alkaloids. It laid the foundation of the safe and effective application of G. elegans.

Investigation and control of infection outbreak of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in a gastroenterology intensive care unit / 中国感染控制杂志

Objective To investigate and control the outbreak of infection caused by carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) in a gastroenterology intensive care unit (ICU), so as to provide reference for the prevention and control of clinical multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs).Methods Epidemiological investigation was conducted on 3 patients with CRKP infection in a gastroenterology ICU on January 21-31, 2018, specimens were collected with environmental biology monitoring method, CRKP in environment was searched, homology between patients and environmental isolates were analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).Results Three patients were all isolated CRKP from sputum and blood specimens, all were male, with adjacent beds in the same ward, and treated by the same doctor.The number of isolated CRKP and infection rate in January 2018 were higher than those in other months, infection rate was significantly different (χ2=13.67, P＜0.01).A total of 102 environmental specimens were collected, including air and surface of objects, only 1 of which (nurse's uniform) was isolated 1 strain of KP.PFGE typing of KP isolated from patients and environment showed that there were two genotypes A and B, KP isolated from uniform of a nurse, hydrops abdominis and blood specimen of patient at bed 07, blood specimen of patient at bed 08, as well as sputum and blood specimen of patient at bed 09 were all type A, KP isolated from sputum specimen of patient at bed 07 was type B, KP isolated from hydrops abdominis in patient at bed 09 was not be typed.After comprehensive intervention, CRKP was not no longer isolated from 3 patients, and there was no new case in the ward.Conclusion Imperfect implementation of prevention and control measures for MDROs by health care workers may be an important cause for the spread of CRKP.

Analysis on serotypes and antibiotic resistance characteristics of food-borne Salmonella strains in Guizhou Province from 2016 to 2018 / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective@#To analyze the serotype distribution and antibiotic resistance characteristics of food-borne Salmonella strains isolated from food and patients with gastroenteritis in Guizhou Province from 2016 to 2018.@*Methods@#Serotypes of the strains were characterised using slid agglutination method with Salmonella antisera. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of antibiotics were determined by the broth microdilution method. Microsoft Excel 2007 and SPSS18.0 were used for statistical analysis.@*Results@#A total of 170 strains of food-borne Salmonella were detected in food and patients with gastroenteritis in Guizhou Province from 2016 to 2018. Thirty-five serotypes were identified and 6 were found in both food and patients. The main serotypes in food were Salmonella Typhimurium (16.67%) and Salmonella Stanley (8.33%), and the predominant serotypes in patients were Salmonella Typhimurium (41.79%), Salmonella Enteritidis (16.42%) and Salmonella London (8.96%). The rate of resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic and trimeth-sulfame were 27.78%-33.33% among the isolates from food, and 22.22%-25.00% to gentamicin, cefocime and ampicillin/sulbatan. Among the isolates from patients, the highest resistance was to ampicillin (55.97%), followed by that to tetracycline (49.25%), ampicillin/sulbatan (44.03%), nalidixic acid (41.04%) and cefazolin (37.31%), and 20.90%-30.60% strains were resistant to chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, cefotaxime and ampicillin/sulbatan. There were 25.00% isolates from food and 25.37% isolates from patients resistant to at least 6 antibiotics, and the main multi-resistant pattern was ampicillin-tetracyline-nalidixic-cephalosporin antibiotics (partial).@*Conclusions@#There were many kinds of serotypes of food-borne Salmonella in Guizhou Province from 2016 to 2018 and the predominant types were Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella London. Drug resistance was common in the strars and some multidrug resistant strains were detected.

Analysis on serotypes and antibiotic resistance characteristics of food-borne Salmonella strains in Guizhou Province from 2016 to 2018 / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective To analyze the serotype distribution and antibiotic resistance characteristics of food-borne Salmonella strains isolated from food and patients with gastroenteritis in Guizhou Province from 2016 to 2018. Methods Serotypes of the strains were characterised using slid agglutination method with Salmonella antisera. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of antibiotics were determined by the broth microdilution method. Microsoft Excel 2007 and SPSS18. 0 were used for statistical analysis. Results A to-tal of 170 strains of food-borne Salmonella were detected in food and patients with gastroenteritis in Guizhou Province from 2016 to 2018. Thirty-five serotypes were identified and 6 were found in both food and pa-tients. The main serotypes in food were Salmonella Typhimurium ( 16. 67％ ) and Salmonella Stanley (8. 33％ ), and the predominant serotypes in patients were Salmonella Typhimurium (41. 79％ ), Salmonel-la Enteritidis (16. 42％ ) and Salmonella London (8. 96％ ). The rate of resistance to ampicillin, chloram-phenicol, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic and trimeth-sulfame were 27. 78％ -33. 33％ among the iso-lates from food, and 22. 22％ -25. 00％ to gentamicin, cefocime and ampicillin/ sulbatan. Among the isolates from patients, the highest resistance was to ampicillin ( 55. 97％ ), followed by that to tetracycline (49. 25％ ), ampicillin/ sulbatan (44. 03％ ), nalidixic acid (41. 04％ ) and cefazolin (37. 31％ ), and 20. 90％ -30. 60％ strains were resistant to chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, cefotaxime and am-picillin/ sulbatan. There were 25. 00％ isolates from food and 25. 37％ isolates from patients resistant to at least 6 antibiotics, and the main multi-resistant pattern was ampicillin-tetracyline-nalidixic-cephalosporin an-tibiotics (partial). Conclusions There were many kinds of serotypes of food-borne Salmonella in Guizhou Province from 2016 to 2018 and the predominant types were Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella London. Drug resistance was common in the strars and some multidrug resistant strains were detected.

Chemical constituents from lipophilic parts of stems of Celastrus monospermus / 中国中药杂志

The chemical constituents from lipophilic parts of the stems of Celastrus monospermus were studied in this paper. The compounds were separated and purified by repeated column chromatographic methods including silica gel, ODS and Sephadex LH-20, and the structures of compounds were determined by spectral data analyses. Twenty six compounds were obtained and identified as 3-oxofriedelane(1), 3-oxofriedelan-28-al(2), 3,12-dioxofriedelane(3), 3β-hydroxyolean-12-en(4), 3-oxo-28-hydroxyfriedelane(5), 3-oxo-29-hydroxyfriedelane(6), 3-oxo-11β-hydroxyfriedel-ane(7), 3-oxo-16α-hydroxyfriedelane(8), 3,12-dioxo-28-hydroxyfriedelane(9), 1,3-dioxo-15α-hydroxyfriedelane(10), 3β,6α-dihydroxyolean-12-en(11), 3-oxo-7α,26-dihydroxyfriedel-ane(12), oleanolic acid(13), 3,15-dioxofriedelane(14), 3α-friedelinol(15), 3,12-dioxofriedelan-28-al(16), 3-oxo-12α-hydroxyfriedelane(17), 3,15-dioxo-12α-hydroxyfriedelane(18), 3β,11β-dihydroxyolean-12-en(19), 1β,3β-dihydroxylupan-20(29)-en(20), 3-oxo-12α,28-dihydroxyfriedelane(21), 3β,23-epoxyfriedelan-28-oic acid(22), salaquinone A(23), 2α,3β-dihydroxyfriedelan-28-oic acid(24), 23-nor-6-oxodemethylpristimerol(25) and 3-oxo-friedelan-27,28-dioic acid(26). Among them, compounds 8, 10-15, 18-20, 22-26 were obtained from this plant for the first time, and compounds 8, 10, 12, 14-15, 18, 22-24, 26 were separated from the genus Celastrus for the first time.

Comparison of the curative effect between delayed PCI and medical therapy on ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction / 天津医药

Objective To investigate and compare the curative effect between delayed percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for patients with acute myocardial infarction presenting 12-24 hours from symptom onset and medical therapy on acute myocardial infarction patients presenting with ST-segment elevation (STEMI). Methods Using a prospective,open,parallel,controlled research approach,186 patients with STEMI were divided into delayed PCI group(n=89),which received PCI within 12-24 hours after STEMI and medical therapy group(n=97),which received medical therapy after STEMI. All patients were followed up 1-6 months with average follow-up (5.6 ± 1.4) months. Data of hospitalization period, the cardiac structures detected by echocardiography such as left atrial diameter (LAD), left ventricular diastolic diameter(LVDd),left ventricular ejection fraction LVEF,left ventricular fractional shortening(LVFS),composite end point events and major adverse cardiac events(MACE)were compared between the two groups.Results Compared with medical therapy group, the hospitalization cycle was significantly shorter in delayed PCI group. Data of the LAD and LVDd were significantly decreased,but LVEF and LVFS were increased in delayed PCI group compared with those of medical therapy group at 30 d and 6-month follow-up. The incidence of MACE and composite end point events were significantly less in delayed PCI group than those of medical therapy group (P<0.05). Conclusion Delayed PCI treatment can decrease the time of hospital stay and decrease the incidence rates of MACE and composite end point events,and improve left ventricular function and prognosis of patients.

Genotype-specific methylation of HPV in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia / 부인종양

OBJECTIVE: Hypermethylation of human papillomavirus (HPV) and host genes has been reported in cervical cancer. However, the degree of methylation of different HPV types relative to the severity of the cervical lesions remains controversial. Studies of the degree of methylation associated with the host gene and the HPV genome to the severity of cervical lesions are rare. We examined the association of methylation status between host genes and late gene 1 (L1) regions of HPV16, 18, 52, and 58 in cervical brushings. METHODS: Cervical brushings from 147 HPV-infected patients were obtained. The samples comprised normal (n=28), cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 1 (n=45), CIN2 (n=13), and CIN3/carcinoma in situ (n=61). The methylation status of HPV and host genes was measured using bisulfite pyrosequencing and quantitative methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS: The degree of methylation of L1 in HPV16, 18, and 52 was associated with the severity of the cervical lesion. In HPV52, C-phosphate-G (CpG) sites 6368m, 6405m, and 6443m showed significantly higher methylation in lesions ≥CIN3 (p=0.005, 0.003, and 0.026, respectively). Methylation of most HPV types except HPV52 (r<−0.1) was positively correlated with the degree of methylation of host genes including PAX1 and SOX1 (0.4≤r≤0.7). Combining HPV methylation with PAX1 methylation improved the clustering for ≥CIN2. CONCLUSION: Our study showed that the degree of L1 methylation of HPV16, 18, and 52 but not 58 is associated with the severity of cervical lesions. The association between HPV methylation and host gene methylation suggests different responses of host cellular epigenetic machinery to different HPV genotypes.

Psychometric Testing of Behavior Assessment for Children

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to test the reliability and validity of the Behavior Assessment for Children (BAC) in a community of school-aged children in Taiwan. METHOD: A school-based sample comprising third grade and fourth grade students was recruited from Taichung City in Taiwan. The parents (n = 248) and teachers (n = 15) of these students completed structured questionnaires, including the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the proposed BAC. Content validity, concurrent validity, construct validity, internal consistency, and inter-rater reliability of the BAC were assessed. RESULTS: The BAC comprised three subscales (attention, emotion, and self-control) that included 17 items. The content validity index (CVI) score was 0.98. The result of the confirmatory factor analysis (goodness of fit = .90, root mean square of residual = .03, root mean square error of approximation = .06, and comparative fit index = .94) supported the construct validity of the three BAC subscales. The concurrent validity of the BAC subscales significantly correlated with the compatible CBCL subscales (r = .59-.78, p < .001). Cronbach α of the subscales of the BAC ranged from .78 to .92. The intraclass correlation coefficient between the parents and teachers ranged from .31 to .44, and the joint probability of agreement ranged from 31.4% to 92.2%. CONCLUSIONS: The BAC is a valid and reliable instrument for evaluating behavioral problems in schoolaged children.

The correlation between the expressions of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and centromere protein W in glioma tissues and cells / 肿瘤

Objective: To study the correlation between the expressions of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and centromere protein-W (CENP-W) in glioma tissues and cells. Methods: The expressions of HIF-1α and CENP-W in high-grade glioma tissues, low-grade glioma tissues and adjacent normal brain tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry, then the relationships of these two proteins' expressions with the clinicopathologic features of patients with glioma were investigated, and the correlation between the expressions of HIF-1α and CENP-W was analyzed. After using cobalt dichloride to inhibit the degradation of HIF-1a protein in glioma U251cells, the expressions of CENP-W mRNA and protein were detected by realtime fluorescene-based quantitative PCR (RFQ-PCR) and Western blotting, respectively. After transfection with the specific small interference RNA (siRNA) targeting HIF-1α gene to down-regulate the expression of HIF-1a in U251cells, the changes of CENP-W mRNA and protein levels were detected by RFQ-PCR and Western bloting, respectively. After transfection with the specific siRNA targeting CENP-W gene to down-regulate the expression of CENP-W in U251cells, the changes of HIF-1a mRNA and protein levels were detected by RFQ-PCR and Western bloting, respectively. Results: The expression levels of HIF-1a and CENP-W in glioma tissues were significantly higher than those in normal brain tissues (P 0.05). Conclusion: Both of HIF-1α and CENP-W expressions are positively correlated with the pathological grade of glioma. HIF-1α can regulate the expression of CENP-W.

Parenting confidence and needs for parents of newborns in Taiwan

Parenting confidence with regards to caring for their infants is crucial for the healthy adaptation to parenthood and the development of positive parent-infant relationships. The postpartum period is a tremendous transitional time for parents, so their unique needs should be considered. This study explored parenting confidence and needs in parents when their newborns are discharged from hospital, and explored the best predictors of parenting confidence and needs. A cross-sectional design with a questionnaire survey was used in this study. The questionnaire included three parts: Demographic, Parenting Needs and Parenting Confidence Questionnaire. We survey a convenience sample of 96 parents from a postnatal ward and a neonatal intermediate care unit of the medical central hospital in Taichung, Taiwan. The mean age of the subjects was 32 years and 67.7% of the subjects' education level was college or above. Approximately one half of the subjects was multiparous, vaginal delivery and had planned pregnancy. The mean gestational age and birth weight of the newborns was 37.7 weeks and 2902 g, respectively. Parents who had a planned pregnancy [t=2.1, P=0.04] or preterm infants [t=2.0, P=0.046] and those whose infants were delivered by cesarean section [t=2.2, P=0.03] had higher parenting needs. In addition, parents of low birth weight infants had higher parenting needs [r=-0.23, P=0.02]. Regarding parenting confidence, multipara parents perceived higher confidence than primipara parents [t=2.9, P=0.005]. Needs in psychosocial support were significantly correlated with parenting confidence [r=0.21, P<0.05]. The stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that parity and needs in psychosocial support predict parenting confidence of 13.8% variance. The findings of this study help care providers to identify parents with low parenting confidence at an early postpartum stage. Health care teams should provide appropriate psychosocial support and health education based on parents needs

Molecular epidemiology of viral diarrhea in Chengdu infants and young children / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigated the molecular epidemiologic features of viral diarrhea in Chengdu infants and young children, and to establish baseline patterns of etiology, provides the scientific basis for the vaccine development and the epidemic situation control.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From March, 2006 to December, 2008, a total of 376 infants and young children from Chengdu area hospitalized for diarrhea in Chengdu Children's Hospital were enrolled in this study. The stool specimen collected from each patient was tested for rotavirus (RV), Calicivirus (CV), astrovirus (AstV) and adenovirus (Adv) by using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) examination.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among those 376 cases,there were 142 cases (37.76%) of RV infections,which scattered predominantly in October to December. Among 234 cases RV negativity,there were 29 cases HuCV infections (15.85%), 5 cases AstV infections (1.64%), and 8 cases Adv infections (2.04%).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>RV appeared to be the main etiological agent of viral diarrhea in Chengdu infants and young children,the predominant serotype of RV were G3, P[8] and P[4],HuCV might be the important etiological agent besides RV.</p>

Taiwanese medical and nursing student interest levels in and attitudes towards geriatrics

<p><b>INTRODUCTION</b>To investigate the attitudes of medical and nursing student towards the older Chinese population.</p><p><b>MATERIALS AND METHODS</b>A reliable and valid Chinese language version of Kogan's Attitudes toward Older People (KAOP) with 17 matched item pairs (34 items) was completed by 275 medical and nursing students. Descriptive data analysis was employed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Participants reported slightly to have a more positive attitudes (Mean, 144.30 +/- 17.89) than those reported from studies in other countries (Jordanian: Mean, 110.6 +/- 21.79). Students who were females (Mean, 148.27 +/- 18.97), younger (Mean, 146.01 +/- 18.59) and studying nursing (Mean, 156.86 +/- 17.56) were more likely to have a more positive attitudes than older (Mean, 140.04 +/- 15.31), males (Mean, 140.47 +/- 15.93), studying medicine (Mean, 138.77 +/- 15.04).</p><p><b>DISCUSSION</b>Results show that students may have greater ambivalence attitudes on 10 out of 17 matched item pairs which provides useful information for faculty involved in aged care curriculum design. Working as a volunteer in the university hospital may increase students' interactions with the elderly and may positively influence attitudes towards the elderly.</p>

Transsphenoidal resection of pituitary adenomas: Experience of 1 047 cases / 第二军医大学学报

Transsphenoidal microsurgery has become a major approach for removal of pituitary adenomas. Due to the anatomic differences of skull base between Chinese and foreigners and the different experience of surgeons, the pre- and post-operation managements of the operation are different. From 1982 to 2002, a total of 1 047 patients received transsphenoidal removal of pituitary adenomas in our hospital and gained satisfactory outcomes. This article summarizes our experience on 1 047 patients and discusses some relevant problems, including the diagnostic standards of adenoma size, surgery indications, the apoplexy operation, the re-operation for recurrent cases, management of complications, post-operation radiotherapy, and the anatomy of sphenoidal sinus and sellar area, hoping to improve the successful rate of the operation.