Comparative study on free and bound phenolic acids before and after drying of Salvia miltiorrhiza / 中国中药杂志

There were significant differences in phenolic acid content between fresh and dried Salvia miltiorrhiza before and after drying. That is to say, the content of phenolic acid in S. miltiorrhiza significantly increased with the increase of dehydration during the drying process.In order to investigate the differences and transformation of free and bound phenolic acids before and after the drying process of S.miltiorrhiza, we studied hydrolysis method, hydrolysates and hydrolysis regularity of phenolic acids in S.miltiorrhiza. UPLC method was used to determine four main hydrolysates of bound phenolic acids, namely danshensu, caffeic acid dimer(SMND-309), caffeic acid, przewalskinic acid A(prolithosperic acid), and three main free phenolic acids in S.miltiorrhiza, namely rosmarinic acid, lithospermic acid, salvianolic acid B. The results of the acid-base hydrolysis experiment of salvianolic acid showed that the alkaline hydrolysis effect was significantly better than acid hydrolysis. The optimal alkaline hydrolysis condition was hydrolysis at 70 ℃ for 4 h with 2 mol·L~(-1) NaOH solution containing 1% ascorbic acid(Vit C). The hydrolysates of free phenolic acids were the same with the hydrolysates of bound phenolic acids. Fresh S.miltiorrhiza contains a low level of free phenolic acids and a high level of bound phenolic acids, which were exactly opposite to dried S.miltiorrhiza. It was suggested that a large amount of bound phenolic acids was accumulated during the growth of S.miltiorrhiza. These bound phenolic acids were coupled with polysaccharides on the cytoderm through ester bonds to form insoluble phenolic acids, which was not easy to be detected by conventional methods. However, during drying and dehydration processes, the bound phenolic acids were converted to a large amount of free phenolic acids under the action of the relevant enzyme.

Study on dynamic changes of chemical constituents during different drying processes of Salvia miltiorrhiza / 中国中药杂志

There is no consensus on the drying methods of Salvia miltiorrhiza in ancient and modern times,especially on the content of phenolic acid in fresh S. miltiorrhiza. In order to further explore the content of main components in fresh S. miltiorrhiza and study the dynamic changes during the drying process,the content of main components was used as the index in this study to evaluate the processing method,drying method,correlation between dehydration rate and component content for fresh S. miltiorrhiza. In addition,the sealed and unsealed parallel control groups were set to carry out verification test during the drying process. UPLC method was used for determination of seven main components including rosmarinic acid,lithosperic acid,salvianolic acid B,cryptotanshinone,tanshinoneⅠ,methylene salianolate and tanshinone ⅡAin S. miltiorrhiza. The results showed that the fresh S. miltiorrhiza contained low levels of phenolic acid,and the content of phenolic acid increased significantly with the increase of dehydration rate during drying process,while the change of tanshinone was not obvious. In the comparison of three drying methods,we found that drying at 50 ℃ was better than drying in the sun,and drying in the sun was superior to drying in the shade. So,drying at 50 ℃ was the best drying method. The correlation between dehydration and phenolic acid content of S. miltiorrhiza was analyzed by verification test and SPSS software,which further proved that the dehydration rate was significantly positively correlated with the content of phenolic acid components. This study provides reference for the production processing and drying methods of S. miltiorrhiza medicinal materials,which is of great significance for improving the quality of S. miltiorrhiza.

Study on process of extraction and purification of water-soluble alkaloids from Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata / 中草药

Objective: To research the process of extraction and purification of water-soluble alkaloids of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (ALRP). Methods: Orthogonal design L9(34) and single factor experiments were employed to optimize the extraction conditions using UPLC-MS/MS. The total extraction yield of 14 alkaloids (karacoline, songorine, fuziline, neoline, talatisamine, mesaconine, aconine, hypaconine, benzoylmeaconine, benzoylaconine, benzoylhypaconine, mesaconitine, aconitine, and hypaconitine) was used as an index. The absorption-desorption characteristics of five macroporous resins were evaluated to optimize purification conditions using contents of eight water-soluble alkaloids (aconine, mesaconine, hypaconine, fuziline, neoline, talatisamine, songorine, and karacoline) as indexes. Results: The optimized extraction and purification conditions were as follows: steamed tablets were decocted thrice with 10-fold pH 3.5 acidic water for 2 h each time (maintaining pH 3.5). The alkalinity of water decoction was adjusted to pH 10.0 with 20% NaOH and then heated for 2 h. The supernatant was adjusted to pH 11.0 by 20% NaOH and then was subjected to macroporous resin HPD300 whose relative adsorption amount was 2.5 g dried medicinal herb/mL resin, and then the resin was eluted with 6 BV of water and 4 BV of 80% ethanol respectively. The 80% ethanol fraction was evaporated under vacuum to give the water-soluble alkaloids extract. The extract yield was 1.69%. The total contents of mesaconine, aconine, hypaconine, fuziline, neoline, talatisamine, karacoline and songorine were above 15%. Conclusion: The optimized extraction and purification process is stable and feasible, and this present study provides the reference for the research and application of water-soluble alkaloids in ALRP.

The effect of the acupuncture intervention of dredging Governor Vessel and regulating mentality for the medication treatment of post-stroke depression / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the differences in onset time and the overall efficacy of the acupuncture therapy of dredging Governor Vessel and regulating mentality combined with fluoxetine and the fluoxetine for post-stroke depression(PSD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty-three patients were randomly divided into an acupuncture intervention of dredging Governor Vessel and regulating mentality group(acupuncture and medication group, 33 cases) and a control group (medication group, 30 cases). In the medication group, 20 mg fluoxetine was used by oral administration, once a day at 7:00 in the morning, continuously for 4 weeks. In the acupuncture and medication group, based on the oral administration of fluoxetine, the acupuncture intervention of dredging Governor Vessel and regulating mentality was applied mainly at Baihui(GV 20), Fengfu(GV 16), Shenting(GV 24), Shuigou(GV 26), Dazhui(GV 14) and Shendao(GV 11), once a day, 6 times a week, continuously for 4 weeks. Twenty-four items in Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD), modified Edinburgh Scandinavia Stroke Scale(MESSS) and activity of daily life scale(ADL, Barthel index, BI) were used before and after 2-week and 4-week treatment. The efficacy was compared between the two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After 2-week treatment, the HAMD score and the MESSS score in the acupuncture and medication group were obviously decreased and the BI score was apparently increased(all P<0. 01). In the medication group, however, the score of every scale was not statistically different from that before treatment(P'>0. 05). After 4-week treatment, HAMD scores and MESSS scores in the two groups were obviously decreased and the BI scores I were apparently increased(all P<0. 01). After 2-week and 4-week treatment, the HAMD scores and the MESSS scores in the acupuncture and medication group were lower than those in the medication group and the BI scores were higher than those in the medication group(P<0. 01, P<0. 05). The total effective rate of anti-depression (97. 0%, 32/33) the total effective rate of nerve function impairment(90. 9%, 30/33) and the total effective rate of daily life activity(97. 0% 32/33) in the acupuncture and medication group were better than 80. 0% (24/30), 80. 0%(24/30), 83. 3%(25/30) in the medication group(all P<0. 05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The acupuncture therapy of dredging Governor Vessel and regulating mentality could reduce the onset time of anti-depression medicine treatment of PSD and enhance the overall efficacy. Therefore, it enhances the clinical compliance.</p>

Effects of ultrasound-combined microbubbles on hippocampal AchE fibers in rats

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the protective effect of ultrasound-combined microbubbles on hippocampal acetylcholinesterase (AchE) fibers in rats.@*METHODS@#According to random digits table, 60 SD rats were divided into two groups, marrow stromal cells (MSCs) intracranial transplantation group and MSCs intracranial transplantation + ultrasonic microbubbles group. Marrow stromal cells were cultivated and isolated in vitro; 12 weeks after transplantation, spatial learning and memorizing abilities of rats were assessed by Morris water maze; AchE staining method was used to observe changes in density and appearance of AchE staining positive fibers in hippocampal CA1 region.@*RESULTS@#There was a significant increase in spatial learning and memorizing abilities of rats in MSCs intracranial transplantation + ultrasonic microbubbles group. Hippocampal AchE staining suggested an increase in the density of AchE staining positive fibers in MSCs intracranial transplantation group; the fibers were regular, intact and dense. Density of hippocampal AchE positive fibers was negatively correlated with the escape latent period and was positively correlated with percentage of the time needed to cross each platform quadrant.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Better promotion of spatial learning and memorizing abilities of rats in MSCs intracranial transplantation + ultrasonic microbubbles group may be related with the protective effect of ultrasound-combined microbubbles on hippocampal acetylcholine fibers.