Molecular mechanisms of anti-inflammatory effects of metal ions / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Resistance to the inflammatory response is an important part of promoting the repair of damaged tissue and improving the local inflammatory response caused by medical bio-implant materials has been a key issue to be addressed in recent years. OBJECTIVE:To summarize the anti-inflammatory effects of common metal ions and related molecular mechanisms to provide some theoretical references for improving the early inflammatory response of hosts caused by bio-implant materials. METHODS:A computer search of the relevant literature in PubMed,Web of Science,CNKI and WanFang databases was conducted using"metal ions,magnesium ion,zinc ion,silver ion,copper ion,inflammation,anti-inflammatory effects,oxidative stress,immunoregulation,signaling pathways"as Chinese and English search terms.Preliminary screening was conducted by reading the titles and abstracts.Finally,80 papers were included for result analysis and summary. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Metal ions such as magnesium,zinc,silver and copper have a good anti-inflammatory effect.The strength of this anti-inflammatory effect is strongly correlated with the dose and duration of action.In the future,consideration can be given to controlling the release rate of ions and adjusting the appropriate therapeutic concentration to achieve the best anti-inflammatory effect.(2)Magnesium ions and zinc ions exhibit excellent anti-inflammatory activity,with magnesium ions often being beneficial in anti-inflammatory therapy in the form of compounds such as magnesium sulfate and zinc ions regulating the body's inflammatory response with zinc feed as the main source of zinc supplementation.(3)Silver and copper ions have some anti-inflammatory effects,but are still predominant for their excellent antibacterial activity,mainly in the form of nanoparticles and bio-coatings.(4)Magnesium and zinc metal ions can be combined with natural extracts to form complexes to exert anti-inflammatory effects,and this method has the advantage of being inexpensive and widely available and is a sustainable and green approach,which is worthy of clinical promotion.(5)Metal ions such as magnesium,zinc,silver and copper exert anti-inflammatory effects by reducing host oxidative stress damage,modulating immune cells and inhibiting inflammatory signaling pathways such as nuclear factor-κB,Toll-like receptor,STAT3 and NOD.(6)The molecular mechanism related to the anti-inflammation of metal ions is a complex network,which is not the effect of a single pathway,but should be a combination of multiple signaling pathways.There are still many potential mechanisms that have not yet been explored,and more systematic elucidation of the interconnections between various signaling pathways is needed in the future.

Comparison of percutaneous versus surgical approach in femoro-femoral veno-arterial ECMO cannulation: a propensity score matched study / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the safety and the efficacy of percutaneous and surgical approach in femoro-femoral veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) cannulation.Methods:All consecutive patients implanted with femoro-femoral VA-ECMO between January 2018 and December 2020 in Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University. Propensity score matching was used to compare outcomes of percutaneous and surgical groups while controlling for confounders.Results:Among the 276 patients who received femoro-femoral VA-ECMO (62 surgical and 214 percutaneous), propensity-score matching selected 52 pairs of patients with similar characteristics with mean age of(59.6±13.0)years old, in which 26 patients were female. There were a lower ECMO cannulation-associated complication (28.8% vs. 48.1%, P=0.044) and a lower hospital mortality (42.3% vs. 67.3%, P=0.010) in the percutaneous group. The circuit blood flow after ECMO initiation was similar in both groups[(3.3±0.8)L·min -1·kg -1 in percutaneous group vs. (3.2±0.7)L·min -1·kg -1 in surgical group, P=0.738]. The serum lactate was declined in both group after ECMO initiation[(5.4±5.8)mmol/L vs. (9.2±6.9)mmol/L, P<0.001 in percutaneous group; (6.3±6.2)mmol/L vs. (10.5±7.0)mmol/L, P=0.003 in surgical group]. Conclusion:Percutaneous approach is a safe and efficient technique in emoro-femoral VA-ECMO cannulation. Compared with surgical cannulation, percutaneous approach is associated with lower ECMO cannulation-associated complication and lower hospital mortality.

Risk factors and pathogen distribution of nosocomial infection in adult patients undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation after cardiac surgery / 中华临床感染病杂志

Objective To analyze the risk factors and pathogen distribution of nosocomial infection in adult patients undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) after cardiac surgery.Methods The clinical data of 325 patients who underwent ECMO support in the Department of Adult Cardiac Surgery of Beijing Anzhen Hospital from January 2012 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed.There were 132 patients with nosocomial infection (infected group) and 193 patients without nosocomial infection (noninfected group).Multivariate logistic analysis was used to analyze the risk factors of nosocomial infection,and the distribution of pathogens in infected patients was also analyzed.Results Among 132 infected patients,67 cases (50.76％) had respiratory infection,40 cases (30.30％) had blood infection,15 cases (11.36％) had surgical wound infection,and 10 cases (7.58％) had urinary tract infection.The case fatality rates of the infected group and non-infected group were 61.37％ (81/132) and 52.85％ (102/ 193),respectively (x2 =6.356,P ＜ 0.05).Univariate analysis showed that long operation time,application of extracorporeal circulation and long-term ECMO support were associated with nosocomial infection.Multivariate logistic regression analysis found that ECMO time (OR =5.565,95％ CI =2.868-10.799,P ＜0.01) was an independent risk factor for nosocomial infection after ECMO treatment in adult patients after cardiac surgery.Among the 132 infected patients,364 strains of pathogens were detected,of which 233 were Gram-negative bacteria,including 79 strains of Acinetobacter Baumann (33.9％) and 32 strains of K.pneumoniae (13.73％);101 strains were Gram-positive bacteria,including Streptococcus aureus (14.85％),Micrococcus (14.85％) and catarrhal bacteria (14.85％);30 strains were fungi and Candida albicans accounted for 70％ of fungi infections.Conclusion The long ECMO support time is an independent risk factor for ECMO-related hospital infections in adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery,and the pathogens are mainly Gram-negative bacteria.

Predictors of postoperative severe acute kidney injury requiring continuous renal replacement treatment in patients with acute A aortic dissection undergoing Sun's operation / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective To investigate the incidence and risk factors of acute kidney injury(AKI) requiring continuous renal replacement treatment(CRRT) in patients with acute type A aortic dissection after Sun's operation.Methods A retrospective analysis of consecutive patients with acute type A aortic dissection underwent Sun's operation in Beijing Anzhen Hospital,Capital Medical University from January 2009 to December 2015.These patients were divided into two groups according to whether had severe postoperative AKI requiring CRRT treatment:the dialysis group(AG,65 cases) and the control group(CG,618 cases),we compared the clinical outcomes of patients in two groups and analyzed the related risk factors.Results 50 patients(7.3％) died in hospital.Compared with patients in CG group,patients in AG group had higher age,more patients with preoperative coronary heart disease,pericardial tamponade,and higher rates of intraoperative coronary artery hypass surgery or valve surgery,the results were statistically different between the two groups(P ＜0.05).The patients in AG group had a higher mortality rate in hospital(26.2％ vs.5.3％),and the difference was statistically significant(P ＜0.001).The results of multiple regression analysis suggested that the age ＞ 50 years,preoperative history of pericardial tamponade,intraoperative need for combined coronary artery bypass grafting or valve surgery,and cerebral perfusion time ＞40 min were independent risk factors for CRRT treatment of postoperative severe AKI(P ＜0.05).Conclusion The incidence of severe AKI requiring CRRT treatment in patients with acute type A aortic dissection after Sun's operation was 9.5％,and the discharge survival rate in AG group was lower than that in CG group.An important way to reduce the incidence of severe AKI requiring CRRT after sun's surgery is to shorten the intraoperative cerebral perfusion time as much as possible.

The effect of preoperative use of intra-aortic balloon pump in acute myocardial infarction without cardiogenic shock patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of preoperative intra-aortic balloon pump(IABP) insertion in acute myocardial infarction(AMI) without cardiogenic shock(CS) patients receiving off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting ( OPCABG).Methods 444 consecutive AMI patients who underwent isolated OPCABG from January 2009 to December 2016 were enrolled.158 patients who underwent preoperative IABP placement(IABP group) and the other of 286 patients who did not have IABP placement(control group).The in-hospital mortality rate, postoperative complications, mechanical ventilation time, ICU stay and hospital length were compared between the two groups.Results The overall mortality was 5.0%.135 pairs of patients were matched.The preoperative IABP insertion showed benefits in postoperative survival rate compared with the control group(0 vs.5.9%, P＝0.004).However, patients with preoperative IABP were more likely to prolong duration of mechanical ventilation and ICU stay.The postoperative length of stay in hospital didn't show significant difference between the two groups.Conclusion Survival advantage was observed from preoperative IABP insertion in AMI patients without CS under-going OPCABG.

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for refractory cardiogenic shock after aortic surgery: risk factors of in-hospital mortality / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective To evaluate risk factors of in-hospital mortality during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO) support for those with refractory cardiogenic shock after aortic surgery.Methods Retrospective analyses were conducted for 35 patients using ECMO after aortic surgery at Beijing Anzhen Hospital,Capital Medical University from September 2009 to March 2016.Demographic characteristics,diagnosis,ECMO related data,including ECMO indication,operation,clinical parameters before and 24 hours during ECMO were collected to set up a database.The patients were divided into survival group and non-survival group according to the prognosis.The risk factors of mortality in hospital after ECMO were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression analysis regression.Results There were 35 adult patients who had received ECMO support with 32 male and 3female.All patients received veno-arterial ECMO (V-A ECMO).ECMO was successfully weaned in 22 patients (62.9％),and 18 patients(51.4％) survived.Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that high lactic acid levels at 12 hours after ECMO(OR =1.445;95％ CI:1.026-2.034) and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS,OR =10.412;95％ CI:2.246-70.798)(P ＜ 0.05) were independent risk factors of in-hospital mortality in adult patients undergoing ECMO after aortic surgery.Conclusion High lactic acid levels at 12 hours after ECMO and MODS were very important factors of patients undergoing ECMO after aortic surgery.The proper identification and management shall improve the prognosis of patients.