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Very low birth weight infants (VLBW) and extremely low birth weight infants (ELBW) are prone to complications such as feeding intolerance and infectious diseases such as necrotizing enterocolitis due to the prematurity of the immunological and gastrointestinal system.In recent years,probiotics are being widely used in preterm infants to improve gut microbiota and enhance the resistance to foreign substance.in this way,probiotics plays a role in lessening the incidence of feeding intolerance,reducing the mortality and morbidity of severe NEC and shortening of hospital stay.
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Very low birth weight infants (VLBW) and extremely low birth weight infants (ELBW) are prone to complications such as feeding intolerance and infectious diseases such as necrotizing enterocolitis due to the prematurity of the immunological and gastrointestinal system.In recent years, probiotics are being widely used in preterm infants to improve gut microbiota and enhance the resistance to foreign substance.In this way, probiotics plays a role in lessening the incidence of feeding intolerance, reducing the mortality and morbidity of severe NEC and shortening of hospital stay.
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Objective To observe the protective and regeneration-promoting effects of Ruyi Zhenbao Pill (RZP) on nerve injury in zebrafish.Methods The zebrafish model of central nervous injury was induced by mycophenolate mofetil,the model of peripheral motor nerve and axonal injury was induced by ethanol,and the model of myelin damage was induced by ethidium bromide.The variations of central nerve,axon and myelin sheath fluorescence intensity,and peripheral motor nerve length in zebrafish,which exposed to the different concentration (10.0,33.3,and 100.0 μ.g/mL) of RZP,were observed with fluorescence microscope.The effective protection rates of RZP on zebrafish central nerve and axone,and the regeneration-promoting effect on peripheral motor nerve and myelin sheath were analyzed and calculated with the image processing software NIDS-Element's.Results In 10.0,33.3,and 100.0 μg/mL RZP groups,the zebrafish central nervous injury protective rates were 2％,24％,and 50％ (P ＜ 0.001),respectively,the peripheral nerve regeneration promoting rates were 44％ (P ＜ 0.05),49％ (P ＜ 0.01),and 93 ％ (P ＜ 0.001),the axonal injury recovery rates were 3％,29％ and 48％ (P ＜ 0.05),and the myelin sheath regeneration promoting rates were 36％ (P ＜ 0.01),37％ (P ＜ 0.001),and 41％ (P ＜ 0.001),compared with model group.Conclusions RZP could not only protect the central nervous and axonal injury,but also promote the regeneration of peripheral nerve and myelin sheath in zebrafish.
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Objective To evaluate the renal toxicity of vancomycin hydrochloride and irbesartan tablets using the zebrafish model. Methods After construction of AB zebrafish kidney model, the fish were treated with drug after fertilization 2 days (2 dpf) to 5 dpf. At the end of the experiment, the number of renal edema zebrafish was counted in each experimental group to evaluate the renal toxicity of drugs. Results The zebrafish development was normal and no obvious toxicity at the dose of 16?4 ng/fish (1/10 MNLD) for vancomycin, and zebrafish renal edema occurred rate was 3?3%, 10% and 10% respectively at the dose of 54?7 ng/fish (1/3 MNLD), 164 ng/fish (MNLD) and 273 ng/fish ( LD10 ) with the death rate of 0%, 0% and 16?7%, respectively, which indicated that there was significant renal toxicity of vancomycin at the dose of 54?7 ng/fish (1/3MNLD) to 273 ng/fish (LD10). Irbesartan didn’t induce renal toxicity at the dose of 8?3 μg/mL (1/10 MNLC) to 91 μg/mL (LC10). Conclusions The zebrafish model of renal toxicity can be used for the early evaluation of drug renal toxicity and we made evaluation of the renal toxicity of vancomycin and irbesartan with this model.
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Aim To explore the toxicity and safety of five kinds of known positive drugs, cyclophosphamide, acetyl salicylic acid, tetracycline hydrochloride, dexa-methasone acetate and azacitidine, using zebrafish em-bryos. Methods We selected normally developed 4 hpf zygote, and used water bath infecting method to add the drug to the artificial seawater. Each drug had five concentrating groups, a separate control group and solvent control group. We observed the dead zebrafish embryos after 120 hpf drugs, counted the number of deaths and deformities of zebrafish embryos, and cal-culated mortality abnormal rate, the median lethal con-centration (LC50 ), concentration for 50% of maximal effect (EC50 ), therapeutic index (TI) under 120 hpf condition. We also used the formula TI = LC50 / EC50 to calculate positive drug therapeutic index. Based on measured LC50 we calculated most nonlethal concentra-tion (MNLC) of each drug setting, namely 1 / 10 MN-LC, 1 / 3 MNLC, MNLC,LC10 four concentration, tha-lidomide as a positive control, vitamin C as a negative control, artificial seawater as control, 0. 5% DMSO as solvent control. Put in 28. 5 ℃ environment for 120 hours,embryo development was observed daily for de-velopmental state,mortality,deforming rate and abnor-mal condition. Results The result of five drugs LC50 in descending order: cyclophosphamide > azacitidine> tetracycline hydrochloride > acetylsalicylic acid >dexamethasone acetate. EC50 in descending order: cy-clophosphamide > tetracycline hydrochloride > azaciti-dine > acetylsalicylic acid > dexamethasone acetate. The TI values of cyclophosphamide, acetyl salicylic acid, tetracycline hydrochloride, dexamethasone ace-tate, azacitidine were 1. 92, 1. 11, 1. 05, 1. 44, 2. 99, respectively. Conclusion Zebrafish embryo model can be used in the preliminary evaluation of drugs, and the study of early developmental toxicity and safety.
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Tissue sections of gastrointestinal tract of Wistar rats were stained with PAS,AB (pH 2.5) and HID/AB (pH 2.5) techniques (O study the distribution patterns of epithelial muco-substances in the gastrointestinal tract and the distribution patterns of Wistar rats and human adults were compared.It was found that Wistar rats and human adults had similar distribution patterns throughout the gastrointestinal tract except the small intestines.Neutral mucosubstance was most abundant in the stomach and there was a small amount of sialomucin in the base of the lesser curvature and the neck of the gastric glands.From the proximal down to the distal colon,there was a progressive decrease of nuutral mucosubstance and sialomucin but a progressive increase of sulfo-mucin.The distribution patterns were apparently different between the right and left halves of the colon.In the small intestines,sulfomucin was present in the jejunum and ileum in Wistar rats but only in the terminal ileum in human beings.The histochemical observations of mucosubstance distribution in the normal gastrointestinal tract of Wistar rats and human adults can provide valuable criteria for experimental of clinical studies of various pathological conditions.
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One hundred and sixty-eight specimens of precancerous lesions of gastric mucosa were studied with mucohistochemistry,and ABC immunohisto-chemistry stains of MG7 which is a monoclonal antibody against human gastric cancer (GC).In addition,quantitative analysis of cell DNA was performed with flowcytometry in 36 specimens.It was found that the incidence of type I b intestinal metaplasia (IM) was significantly higher in dysplasia and in the mucosa adjacent to GC than in chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG),and the positive rate of MG7-Ag in type Ⅱb IM was significantly higher than that in type Ⅰa,Ⅰb and Ⅱa IM.Type Ⅱb IM could degenerate into dysplasia.MG7-Ag positive rate,DNA aneuploid rate and the percentage of S and G2+ M cells were significantly higher in type Ⅱb IM with dysplasia than in simple type Ⅱb IM.These findings support the supposed progressive course of CAG →type Ⅱb IM→dyspalsia→GC,and type Ⅱb IM with dysplasia is closely associated with GC.