A Novel Retrograde AAV Variant for Functional Manipulation of Cortical Projection Neurons in Mice and Monkeys / 神经科学通报·英文版

Retrograde adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are capable of infecting the axons of projection neurons and serve as a powerful tool for the anatomical and functional characterization of neural networks. However, few retrograde AAV capsids have been shown to offer access to cortical projection neurons across different species and enable the manipulation of neural function in non-human primates (NHPs). Here, we report the development of a novel retrograde AAV capsid, AAV-DJ8R, which efficiently labeled cortical projection neurons after local administration into the striatum of mice and macaques. In addition, intrastriatally injected AAV-DJ8R mediated opsin expression in the mouse motor cortex and induced robust behavioral alterations. Moreover, AAV-DJ8R markedly increased motor cortical neuron firing upon optogenetic light stimulation after viral delivery into the macaque putamen. These data demonstrate the usefulness of AAV-DJ8R as an efficient retrograde tracer for cortical projection neurons in rodents and NHPs and indicate its suitability for use in conducting functional interrogations.

Roadmap of Medical Device for Implanted Brain-computer Interface / 中国医疗器械杂志

Implanted brain-computer interface (iBCI) is a system that establishes a direct communication channel between human brain and computer or an external devices by implanted neural electrode. Because of the good functional extensibility, iBCI devices as a platform technology have the potential to bring benefit to people with nervous system disease and progress rapidly from fundamental neuroscience discoveries to translational applications and market access. In this report, the industrialization process of implanted neural regulation medical devices is reviewed, and the translational pathway of iBCI in clinical application is proposed. However, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations and guidances for iBCI were expounded as a breakthrough medical device. Furthermore, several iBCI products in the process of applying for medical device registration certificate were briefly introduced and compared recently. Due to the complexity of iBCI in clinical application, the translational applications and industrialization of iBCI as a medical device need the closely cooperation between regulatory departments, companies, universities, institutes and hospitals in the future.