Hypoparathyroidism: update of guidelines from the 2022 International Task Force

ABSTRACT The 2022 International Task Force guidelines for chronic hypoparathyroidism will be published within several months in the Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. These guidelines update the original guidelines published in 2016, and include new information from literature published since then. Chronic postsurgical hypoparathyroidism is now defined as lasting for at least 12 months after surgery, rather than 6 months. Chronic postsurgical hypoparathyroidism may be predicted by serum PTH <10 pg/mL in the first 12-24 hours after surgery. The most common symptoms and complications of chronic hypoparathyroidism based on the literature are summarized in detail. How to monitor and manage patients with hypoparathyroidism is described in detail where recommendations can be given. These guidelines are intended to frame the diagnosis and care of patients with chronic hypoparathyroidism for at least the next five years.

Bone disease in hypoparathyroidism / Doença óssea no hipoparatiroidismo

Hypoparathyroidism is a rare disorder that may be acquired or inherited. Postsurgical hypoparathyroidism is responsible for the majority of acquired hypoparathyroidism. Bone disease occurs in hypoparathyroidism due to markedly reduced bone remodeling due to the absence or low levels of parathyroid hormone. Chronically reduced bone turnover in patients with hypoparathyroidism typically leads to higher bone mass than in age- and sex-matched controls. Whether this increased bone density reduces fracture risk is less certain, because while increased bone mineralization may be associated with increased brittleness of bone, this does not appear to be the case in hypoparathyroidism. Treatment of hypoparathyroidism with recombinant parathyroid hormone may reduce bone mineral density but simultaneously strengthen the mechanical properties of bone.

O hipoparatireoidismo é uma enfermidade rara que pode ser adquirida ou herdada. Dentre as causas adquiridas dessa doença, destaca-se como maior responsável o hipoparatireoidismo pós-cirúrgico. As manifestações ósseas dessa patologia decorrem devido a uma diminuição marcada no remodelamento ósseo causada pela diminuição ou ausência do hormônio da paratireoide. Esse remodelamento ósseo cronicamente reduzido leva a um aumento da massa óssea, evidenciado quando indivíduos com hipoparatireoidismo são comparados a controles de mesma idade e sexo. Entretanto, não se sabe se esse aumento de massa óssea reduz o risco de fratura. Apesar de o aumento da massa óssea estar associado a um aumento da fragilidade óssea em algumas situações, este não parece ser o caso no hipoparatireoidismo. O tratamento com hormônio recombinante da paratireoide pode reduzir a densidade mineral óssea ao mesmo tempo em que melhora as propriedades mecânicas do osso.