RESUMO
Se efectuó un estudio descriptivo y transversal, de casos y controles no pareado, de 120 pacientes con asma persistente, atendidos en la consulta de Alergología del Policlínico de Especialidades, perteneciente al Hospital Provincial Docente Clinicoquirúrgico Saturnino Lora Torres de Santiago de Cuba, desde enero de 2014 hasta igual periodo de 2015, con vistas a describir las características clínicas y causas de esta enfermedad. Los pacientes fueron seleccionados mediante muestreo aleatorio simple y se distribuyeron en 2 grupos: uno de 60 integrantes con asma severa (de estudio) y el otro de igual cantidad con asma ligera (control). En la casuística predominaron los afectados con asma persistente moderada-severa del sexo femenino y el grupo etario de 40 años y más, mientras que los irritantes inespecíficos y las infecciones respiratorias resultaron ser los factores predisponentes de mayor ocurrencia. Sobresalieron la asociación con nasosinopatías y los cambios bruscos de temperatura
A descriptive and cross-sectional, cases and controls non paired study of 120 patients with persistent asthma was carried out. They were assisted in the Allergology Service of the Specialties Polyclinic, belonging to Saturnino Lora Torres Teaching Clinical Surgical Provincial Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, from January, 2014 to the same period in 2015, aimed at describing the clinical characteristics and causes of this disease. The patients were selected by means of simple random sampling and they were distributed into 2 groups: one of 60 members with severe asthma (study group) and the other with the same number with light asthma (control group). In the case material there was a prevalence of those affected with moderate-severe persistent asthma from the female sex and the 40 years age group and over, while the unspecific irritant and the respiratory infections were the predisposing factors that occurred with more frequency. The association with nasosinopathies and the abrupt changes of temperature were notable