Biological activities of marine invertebrates extracts from the northeast brazilian coast / Atividades biológicas de extratos de invertebrados marinhos da costa nordeste do Brasil

Abstract This paper reports the in vitro antiproliferative effects, antiprotozoal, anti-herpes and antimicrobial activities of 32 organic extracts of 14 marine sponges and 14 corals collected in northeast Brazilian coast. The ethanolic extracts of the sponges Amphimedon compressa and Tedania ignis, and the acetone extract of Dysidea sp. showed relevant results concerning the antiproliferative effects against A549, HCT-8, and PC-3 cell lines by sulforhodamine B assay, but also low specificity. Concerning the antiprotozoal screening, the ethanolic extract of Amphimedon compressa and the acetone and ethanolic extracts of Dysidea sp. were the most active against Leishmania amazonensis and Trypanosoma cruzi expressing β-galactosidase in THP-1 cells. In the preliminary anti-HSV-1 (KOS strain) screening, the ethanolic extracts of the sponges Amphimedon compressa, Haliclona sp. and Chondrosia collectrix inhibited viral replication by more than 50%. The most promising anti-herpes results were observed for the ethanolic extract of Haliclona sp. showing high selective indices against HSV-1, KOS and 29R strains (SI> 50 and >79, respectively), and HSV-2, 333 strain (IS>108). The results of the antibacterial screening indicated that only the ethanolic extract of Amphimedon compressa exhibited a weak activity against Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli by the disk diffusion method. In view of these results, the extracts of Amphimedon compressa, Tedania ignis and Dysidea sp. were selected for further studies aiming the isolation and identification of the bioactive compounds with antiproliferative and/or antiprotozoal activities. The relevant anti-herpes activity of the ethanolic extract of Haliclona sp. also deserves special attention, and will be further investigated.

Resumo Este artigo reporta as atividades in vitro antiproliferativa, atiprotozoárica, anti-herpética e antimicrobiana de 32 extratos orgânicos provenientes de 14 esponjas marinhas e 14 corais coletados no litoral nordestino brasileiro. Os extratos etanólicos das esponjas Amphimedon compressa e Tedania ignis, e o extrato acetônico de Dysidea sp. demonstraram resultados promissores em relação aos efeitos antiproliferativos frente as linhagens celulares A549, HCT-8, PC-3 pelo método da sulforrodamina B, mas sem especificidade. Em relação à atividade antiprotozárica, os extratos etanólico de Amphimedon compressa e acetônico e etanólico de Dysidea sp. apresentaram atividade contra Leishmania amazonensis e Trypanosoma cruzi através do método de expressão de β-galactosidase em células THP-1. Na investigação preliminar de atividade antiviral frente ao vírus Herpes simplex tipo 1 (cepa KOS), os extratos etanólicos das esponjas Amphimedon compressa, Haliclona sp. e Chondrosia collectrix inibiram mais de 50% da replicação viral. O extrato etanólico da esponja Haliclona sp. demonstrou resultados promissores para atividade anti-herpética com altos índices de seletividade para as cepas KOS (IS >50) e 29R (IS>79) frente ao VHS-1 e cepa 333 (IS>108) frente ao VHS-2. O extrato etanólico da esponja Amphimedon compressa exibiu uma pequena atividade contra Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli pelo método de difusão em disco. De acordo com os resultados apresentados, os extratos das esponjas Amphimedon compressa, Tedania ignis e Dysidea sp. serão selecionados para futuros estudos de isolamento e identificação dos compostos bioativos para as atividades antiproliferativa e antiprozoárica. O extrato etanólico de Haliclona sp. será investigado por possuir atividade relevante anti-herpética.

Development of weCope, a mobile app for illness self-management in schizophrenia

Abstract Objective To describe the development of weCope, a Portuguese mobile app for people with schizophrenia. Methods The development of weCope followed 4 stages: I-102 people with psychotic disorders completed an online questionnaire; II-a multidisciplinary focus group was conducted among five mental health professionals; III-we developed the app; IV-9 participants used weCope during 8 weeks to assess its efficiency. Results weCope targets coping with voices, problem solving, goals setting and stress management, and results indicated that: weCope improved symptoms, sense of recovery and personal and social functioning; 59% of the participants were willing to download an application for illness self-management; professionals revealed some concerns about mHealth but enhanced the high importance to develop these apps; usability testing revealed that 89% considered weCope useful for illness self-management. However, the more years with mental illness, the less importance is given to a mobile application for this purpose. Discussion weCope was developed through a comprehensive development process and may contribute to a subjective perception of the patient's better well-being and health condition.

Biological activities of marine invertebrates extracts from the northeast brazilian coast

Abstract This paper reports the in vitro antiproliferative effects, antiprotozoal, anti-herpes and antimicrobial activities of 32 organic extracts of 14 marine sponges and 14 corals collected in northeast Brazilian coast. The ethanolic extracts of the sponges Amphimedon compressa and Tedania ignis, and the acetone extract of Dysidea sp. showed relevant results concerning the antiproliferative effects against A549, HCT-8, and PC-3 cell lines by sulforhodamine B assay, but also low specificity. Concerning the antiprotozoal screening, the ethanolic extract of Amphimedon compressa and the acetone and ethanolic extracts of Dysidea sp. were the most active against Leishmania amazonensis and Trypanosoma cruzi expressing -galactosidase in THP-1 cells. In the preliminary anti-HSV-1 (KOS strain) screening, the ethanolic extracts of the sponges Amphimedon compressa, Haliclona sp. and Chondrosia collectrix inhibited viral replication by more than 50%. The most promising anti-herpes results were observed for the ethanolic extract of Haliclona sp. showing high selective indices against HSV-1, KOS and 29R strains (SI> 50 and >79, respectively), and HSV-2, 333 strain (IS>108). The results of the antibacterial screening indicated that only the ethanolic extract of Amphimedon compressa exhibited a weak activity against Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli by the disk diffusion method. In view of these results, the extracts of Amphimedon compressa, Tedania ignis and Dysidea sp. were selected for further studies aiming the isolation and identification of the bioactive compounds with antiproliferative and/or antiprotozoal activities. The relevant anti-herpes activity of the ethanolic extract of Haliclona sp. also deserves special attention, and will be further investigated.

Resumo Este artigo reporta as atividades in vitro antiproliferativa, atiprotozoárica, anti-herpética e antimicrobiana de 32 extratos orgânicos provenientes de 14 esponjas marinhas e 14 corais coletados no litoral nordestino brasileiro. Os extratos etanólicos das esponjas Amphimedon compressa e Tedania ignis, e o extrato acetônico de Dysidea sp. demonstraram resultados promissores em relação aos efeitos antiproliferativos frente as linhagens celulares A549, HCT-8, PC-3 pelo método da sulforrodamina B, mas sem especificidade. Em relação à atividade antiprotozárica, os extratos etanólico de Amphimedon compressa e acetônico e etanólico de Dysidea sp. apresentaram atividade contra Leishmania amazonensis e Trypanosoma cruzi através do método de expressão de -galactosidase em células THP-1. Na investigação preliminar de atividade antiviral frente ao vírus Herpes simplex tipo 1 (cepa KOS), os extratos etanólicos das esponjas Amphimedon compressa, Haliclona sp. e Chondrosia collectrix inibiram mais de 50% da replicação viral. O extrato etanólico da esponja Haliclona sp. demonstrou resultados promissores para atividade anti-herpética com altos índices de seletividade para as cepas KOS (IS >50) e 29R (IS>79) frente ao VHS-1 e cepa 333 (IS>108) frente ao VHS-2. O extrato etanólico da esponja Amphimedon compressa exibiu uma pequena atividade contra Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli pelo método de difusão em disco. De acordo com os resultados apresentados, os extratos das esponjas Amphimedon compressa, Tedania ignis e Dysidea sp. serão selecionados para futuros estudos de isolamento e identificação dos compostos bioativos para as atividades antiproliferativa e antiprozoárica. O extrato etanólico de Haliclona sp. será investigado por possuir atividade relevante anti-herpética.

Behavioral deficits in sepsis-surviving rats induced by cecal ligation and perforation

Sepsis and its complications are the leading causes of mortality in intensive care units, accounting for 10-50 percent of deaths. Intensive care unit survivors present long-term cognitive impairment, including alterations in memory, attention, concentration, and/or global loss of cognitive function. In the present study, we investigated behavioral alterations in sepsis-surviving rats. One hundred and ten male Wistar rats (3-4 months, 250-300 g) were submitted to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), and 44 were submitted to sham operation. Forty-four rats (40 percent) survived after CLP, and all sham-operated animals survived and were used as control. Twenty animals of each group were used in the object recognition task (10 in short-term memory and 10 in long-term memory), 12 in the plus-maze test and 12 in the forced swimming test. Ten days after surgery, the animals were submitted individually to an object recognition task, plus-maze and forced swimming tests. A significant impairment of short- and long-term recognition memory was observed in the sepsis group (recognition index 0.75 vs 0.55 and 0.74 vs 0.51 for short- and long-term memory, respectively (P < 0.05). In the elevated plus-maze test no difference was observed between groups in any of the parameters assessed. In addition, sepsis survivors presented an increase in immobility time in the forced swimming test (180 vs 233 s, P < 0.05), suggesting the presence of depressive-like symptoms in these animals after recovery from sepsis. The present results demonstrated that rats surviving exposure to CLP, a classical sepsis model, presented recognition memory impairment and depressive-like symptoms but not anxiety-like behavior.

Cirugía laparoscópica en el paciente de la tercera edad / Laparoscopic surgery in the elderly patient

Se aplicó una sistemática de estudio a los pacientes mayores de 60 años de edad operados de forma electiva por cirugía de mínimo acceso en el período comprendido entre junio de 2003 a mayo de 2004 en el Departamento de Cirugía Laparoscópica del Instituto Superior de Medicina Militar “Dr Luis Díaz Soto”, con el propósito de determinar las características clinicoquirúrgicas de estos pacientes. Se estudiaron 103 pacientes con edades entre 60 y 70 años; el 71,8 por ciento de ellos correspondió a mujeres de la raza blanca. Entre las enfermedades asociadas más frecuentes estuvo la hipertensión arterial (56 pacientes; 53,3 por ciento), el asma y las cardiopatías (19 pacientes; 18,4 por ciento respectivamente). La mayoría de los enfermos (75 pacientes; 72,8 por ciento) presentó un cuadro clínico caracterizado por dolor y trastornos dispépticos. El tiempo de evolución de los síntomas fue de varios años en 81 pacientes (78,6 por ciento). El examen de ultrasonido resultó el medio diagnóstico más eficaz, pues demostró la litiasis vesicular en 101 pacientes (98 por ciento). Se encontró un plastrón vesicular en 6 pacientes y en 10 colecistitis subaguda. El tiempo quirúrgico fue menor de 30 min, no aparecieron complicaciones posoperatorias y la estadía fue de 24 h promedio. Quedó demostrado que los pacientes de edad avanzada pueden disfrutar de los beneficios de la cirugía de mínimo acceso

Metabolismo e inmunología en los traumatismos / Metabolism and immunology in traumatisms

Los traumatismos constituyen una afección grave e invalidante que en Cuba cobraron 5 450 fallecidos en 1997, la mayoría en sepsis generalizada y fallo orgánico multisistémico, la causa más común de muerte en estos pacientes, a pesar de los progresos en la antibioticoterapia y en las técnicas anestésicas y de reanimación. Motivado por esto se realizó una revisión de las alteraciones fisiológicas que estos producen, haciendo énfasis en su efecto inmunodepresor, diferenciando la respuesta inflamatoria al trauma de que se ha dado a llamar, en los pacientes más severos respuesta inmunohumoral hiperintensa y descontrolada o respuesta inflamatoria maligna. Se expuso el papel que desempeñan los mediadores de la inflamación en la misma, así como las formas de combatir la inmunodepresión. Se concluyó que la disminución de la respuesta inmune depués de traumatismo puede ser medida, prevenida y corregida o al menos modificada con medicamentos y apoyo nutricional suplementario.

Traumatisms are a severe and disabling affection that caused 5 450 deaths in Cuba, in 1997. Most of them resulted from generalized sepsis and multiple systems organ failure, the commonest cause of death in these patients, despite the progress attained in antibiotic therapy and in the anesthetic and reanimation techniques. A review of the physiological alterations they produce was made, making emphasis on their inmunodepressive effect and differentiating the inflamatory response to trauma known among the most severe patients as incontrolled and hypertensive immunohumoral response or malignant inflamatory response. The role played by the mediators of inflamation in itself, as well as the ways to fight immunodepression are approached. It was concluded tha the decrease of the post traumatic immune response may be measured, prevented and corrected, or at least modified with drugs and supplementary nutritional support.

Estudio cinético de las proteínas en el traumatizado y su correlación con los índices predictivos / Kinetic study of proteins in the traumatized patient and its correlation with predictive indeces

Se realizó un estudio prospectivo en 52 lesionados, y se estableció la correlación existente entre los valores de los índices predictivos utilizados y los resultados obtenidos en las fracciones protéicas estudiadas al ingreso, 3 y 7 días. Fueron aplicadas las siguientes pruebas estadísticas: medias, desviación estándar, minímo, máximo y prueba de correlación-regresión e hipótesis con una confiabilidad de 95 por ciento (alfa =0,05). El 38,5 por ciento de los lesionados correspondieron al rango entre 21 y 30 años de edad y predominó el sexo masculino (88,5 por ciento). Los accidentes del tránsito constituyeron la causa más frecuente de lesiones (38,5 por ciento); las lesiones ortopédicas fueron las de mayor incidencia (26,4 por ciento) y se encontraron complicaciones en el 38,4 por ciento de la muestra. Las proteínas totales, las albúminas y las globulinas gamma sufrieron disminución significativa a las 72 horas de ocurridas las lesiones, esta depresión se hizo más intensa en los fallecidos y se constató que existe correlación entre las variables estudiadas y los índices predictivos