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1.
Respirar (Ciudad Autón. B. Aires) ; 16(2): 137-150, Junio 2024.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, UNISALUD, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1556149

RESUMO

Introducción: SARS-CoV-2 ha causado millones de muertes a nivel global desde su primer caso reportado en China. En Guatemala existen pocos estudios que describan los factores pronósticos. Nuestro objetivo fue determinar los factores asociados de mortalidad a 30 días en pacientes con neumonía (Nm) por SARS-CoV-2 y construir un modelo predictor. Material y Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo en 144 sujetos en el Hospital Roosevelt de marzo a diciembre 2020 con criterios de Nm por SARS-CoV-2. Se revisó el expediente médico para datos clínicos y de laboratorio desde ingreso hasta alta hospitalaria o muerte. Resultados: Se evaluaron 105 hombres y 39 mujeres con media de edad 53 años. El 47% tenía comorbilidades como diabetes mellitus 2 e hipertensión arterial sistémica. Promedio de días de hospitalización: 13. Cuadros leves a moderados de Síndrome de Distrés Respiratorio Agudo (SDRA): 92%. Se indicó ventilación mecánica invasiva (VMI) a 46 pacientes. La mortalidad general fue 35%. Factores asociados a mortalidad a 30 días: edad ≥50 años, inicio de síntomas ≥7 días, SDRA severo, radio NL >4,4, recibir VMI, alteración en LDH y procalcitonina. Nuestro modelo mostró que los mejores predictores de mortalidad eran alteración en procalcitonina (OR: 4,45), recibir VMI (OR: 112) y días de estancia hospitalaria (OR: 1,12) con precisión de 91,5% y área bajo la curva de 94,4%. Conclusiones: Los factores pronósticos de mortalidad en pacientes guatemaltecos con Nm por SARS-CoV-2 son múltiples e incluyen rasgos demográficos, clínicos y serológicos; identificarlos y contar con un modelo pronóstico ayudará a brindar atención médica de precisión.


Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 has caused millions of deaths globally since its first case was reported in China. In Guatemala, few studies describe prognostic factors. Our objective was to determine the factors associated with 30 day mortality in patients with Pneumonia (Nm) due to SARS-CoV-2 and to build a predictor model. Material and Methods: Retrospective study in 144 subjects at Roosevelt Hospital from March to December 2020 with Nm criteria for SARS-CoV-2. The medical record was rviewed, obtaining clinical and laboratory data from admission to hospital discharge or death. Results: 105 men and 39 women with an average age of 53 years were evaluated. 47% had comorbidities, with type 2 diabetes mellitus and systemic arterial hypertension being common. The average number of days of hospitalization was 13. 92% had mild to moderate acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Invasive mechanical ventila-tion (IMV) was indicated for 46 patients. Overall mortality was 35%. The factors asso-ciated with 30-day mortality were age ≥50 years, the onset of symptoms ≥7 days, severe ARDS, N/L ratio >4.4, receiving IMV, alterations in LDH, and procalcitonin. Our model showed that the best predictors of mortality were altered procalcitonin (OR: 4.45), receiving IMV (OR: 112), and days of hospital stay (OR: 1.12) with precision of 91.5% and area under the curve of 94.4%. Conclusions: The prognostic factors of mortality in Guatemalan patients with Nm due to SARS-CoV-2 are multiple and include demographic, clinical and serological features; identifying them and having a prognostic model will help provide precision medical care.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Pneumonia/mortalidade , Prognóstico , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Oxigenoterapia , Respiração Artificial , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório do Recém-Nascido/mortalidade , Comorbidade , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Ultrassonografia , Fatores Etários , Guatemala/epidemiologia
2.
Horiz. sanitario (en linea) ; 22(3): 689-701, Sep.-Dec. 2023. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1557974

RESUMO

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar las evidencias científicas sobre los cambios ocurridos en los estilos de vida saludables asociados al confinamiento por COVID-19 en población adulta de 19 a 59 años. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática siguiendo los criterios de la guía PRISMA durante el período de búsqueda de marzo de 2020 a febrero de 2022 en las bases de datos PubMed, Google académico y Cochrane usando las palabras clave "COVID-19, lifestyles, obesity, confinement, quarantine" previamente validadas en MeSH del NCBI y DeCs. Resultados: La búsqueda en las bases de datos de PUBMED, google académico y Cochrane arrojó un total de 702 artículos, tras eliminar los artículos duplicados, se recuperaron 94 artículos, después del primer y segundo cribado se excluyeron 45 artículos, trabajando finalmente con 49 artículos. La evidencia muestra que el confinamiento modificó negativamente los estilos de vida saludables favoreciendo conductas como sedentarismo, asociado a mayor tiempo en el uso de dispositivos electrónicos. Además, incrementó el consumo de alimentos hipercalóricos, la ingesta de alimentos poco saludables entre comidas, raciones más grandes e incrementó en el número de comidas al día, aunado a la disminución en la actividad física, el incremento del consumo de alcohol y cigarros factores que influyeron en el desarrollo de sobrepeso y obesidad. Conclusiones: Las evidencias muestran cambios negativos en los estilos de vida saludables que se asociaron con sobrepeso y obesidad durante el confinamiento por COVID-19, ante este panorama se requieren de estrategias de intervención integrales basados en programas de nutrición saludable y activación física con la finalidad de disminuir o revertir los efectos causados por el confinamiento.


Abstract Objective: To analyze the scientific evidence on the changes that have occurred in healthy lifestyles associated with confinement by COVID-19 in the adult population between 19 and 59 years of age. Materials and methods: A systematic review was carried out following the criteria of the PRISMA guide during the search period from March 2020 to February 2022 in the PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane databases using the keywords COVID-19, healthy lifestyles, obesity, overweight, confinement, quarantine, lockdown, previously validated in NCBI MeSH and DeCs. Results: The search in the PUBMED, Google Scholar, and Cochrane databases yielded a total of 702 articles. After eliminating duplicate articles, 94 articles were recovered. After the first and second screening, 45 articles were excluded, finally working with 49 articles. Evidence shows that confinement negatively modified healthy lifestyles, favoring behaviors such as a sedentary lifestyle, associated with longer use of electronic devices. In addition, there was an increase in the consumption of hypercaloric foods, the intake of unhealthy foods between meals, larger portions, and an increase in the number of meals per day, together with a decrease in physical activity, an increase in the consumption of alcohol and cigarettes, factors that influenced the development of overweight and obesity. Conclusions: The evidence shows negative changes in healthy lifestyles that were associated with overweight and obesity during the confinement by COVID-19, in view of this panorama, comprehensive intervention strategies are required based on healthy nutrition programs and physical activation with the purpose of to reduce or reverse the effects caused by confinement.

3.
Biol. Res ; 49: 1-10, 2016. ilus, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-950834

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Aged garlic extract (AGE) and its main constituent S-allylcysteine (SAC) are natural antioxidants with protective effects against cerebral ischemia or cancer, events that involve hypoxia stress. Cobalt chloride (CoCl2) has been used to mimic hypoxic conditions through the stabilization of the α subunit of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1α) and up-regulation of HIF-1α-dependent genes as well as activation of hypoxic conditions such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis. The present study was designed to assess the effect of AGE and SAC on the CoCl2-chemical hypoxia model in PC12 cells. RESULTS: We found that CoCl2 induced the stabilization of HIF-1α and its nuclear localization. CoCl2 produced ROS and apoptotic cell death that depended on hypoxia extent. The treatment with AGE and SAC decreased ROS and protected against CoCl2-induced apoptotic cell death which depended on the CoCl2 concentration and incubation time. SAC or AGE decreased the number of cells in the early and late stages of apoptosis. Interestingly, this protective effect was associated with attenuation in HIF-1α stabilization, activity not previously reported for AGE and SAC. CONCLUSIONS: Obtained results show that AGE and SAC decreased apoptotic CoCl2-induced cell death. This protection occurs by affecting the activity of HIF-1α and supports the use of these natural compounds as a therapeutic alternative for hypoxic conditions


Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Cisteína/análogos & derivados , Fatores de Transcrição Hélice-Alça-Hélice Básicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Alho/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Sais de Tetrazólio , Hipóxia Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Análise de Variância , Células PC12 , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/análise , Cobalto , Cisteína/farmacologia , Citometria de Fluxo , Formazans
4.
Rev. med. interna Guatem ; 19(3): 1-12, sept.-dic. 2015. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-996371

RESUMO

El asma es una enfermedad de las vías respiratorias que se caracteriza por inflamación crónica, hiperreactividad ante la e xposición a una amplia variedad de estímulos y obstrucción con limitación variable del flujo aéreo. Los pacientes presentan por esta causa diferente grado de paroxismo de tos, disnea, tiraje intercostal, sibilancias y otros síntomas que se exacerban durant e la crisis. La crisis de asma es un episodio agudo o subagudo de disnea, tos, sibilancias u o presión en el pecho que se presentan, como síntomas únicos o en cualquier combinación, en un paciente asmático, que no tienen una explicación diferente del asma misma y que tiene suficiente magnitud y duración para causar un cambio significativo del tratamiento o para motivar una consulta médica. Se acompaña de disminución del flujo espiratorio de aire que se puede cuantificar por espirometría o, de manera práctic a, por un dispositivo manual que mide el flujo máximo o pico: flujo espiratorio pico (FEP)...(AU)


Asthma is a disease of the respiratory tract characterized by chronic inflammation, hyperreactivity to exposure to a wide variety of stimuli, and obstruction with variable airflow limitation. Patients present for this cause a different degree of paroxysmal cough, dyspnea, intercostal retractions, wheezing and other symptoms that are exacerbated during the crisis. The asthma crisis is an acute or subacute episode of dyspnea, cough, wheezing or chest pressure that occur, as unique symptoms or in any combination, in an asthmatic patient, who do not have a different explanation of asthma itself and who have sufficient magnitude and duration to cause a significant change in treatment or to motivate a medical consultation. It is accompanied by a decrease in the expiratory flow of air that can be quantified by spirometry or, in a practical way, by a manual device that measures the maximum or peak flow: peak expiratory flow (FEP) ... (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Doenças Respiratórias/complicações , Asma/diagnóstico , Asma/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Guias como Assunto
5.
Rev. med. interna Guatem ; 19(1): 40-48, ene-abr. 2015. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-982111

RESUMO

La Organización Mundial para la Salud (OMS) estima que actualmente en el mundo existen 210 millones de personas que padecen EPOC; asimismo estima que en el año 2030 esta enfermedad será la tercera causa de muerte a nivel mundial. El 90% de las muertes se producen en países de ingresos medios a bajos. De las dos presentaciones de EPOC la más frecuente es a nivel mundial bronquitis crónica...(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Broncodilatadores/administração & dosagem , Monitorização Ambulatorial/estatística & dados numéricos , Antagonistas Colinérgicos/administração & dosagem , Pneumopatias Obstrutivas/tratamento farmacológico , Espirometria/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores de Risco
6.
Indian J Biochem Biophys ; 2013 Dec; 50(6): 562-569
Artigo em Inglês | IMSEAR | ID: sea-154215

RESUMO

The purification, structural and functional characterization of two different lectins (named Svl-1 and Svl-2) has been reported from the marine sponge Spheciospongia vesparia. Purification procedure includes ammonium sulfate precipitation, combined with chromatography including Octyl-Sepharose-(NH4)SO4 hydrophobic column and DEAE-Toyopearl anion-exchange column using a high performance liquid chromatography. The similarities in function, specificity for saccharides, molecular weight, amino acid content and the N-terminal sequence of two lectins suggest that these proteins are isolectins. Amino acid composition and fluorescence analyses reveal that they contain an intrachain disulfide bridge, which might contribute to their high thermal stability. Furthermore, the purified lectins exhibit antibacterial activity against the gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and E. coli, indicating that they may be involved in a recognition strategy and may play a role in the defense response function of the sponge. This is the first report on the isolation of lectins from the S. vesparia. The purified lectins represent a potential possible candidate for future application in the recognition or treatment of cancer cells.


Assuntos
Animais , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/isolamento & purificação , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Organismos Aquáticos/química , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Hemaglutinação/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Lectinas/química , Lectinas/isolamento & purificação , Lectinas/farmacologia , Poríferos/química , Análise de Sequência , Homologia de Sequência
7.
Rev. med. interna ; 11(2): 61-8, dic. 2000.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-295610

RESUMO

Se presentan dos casos en quienes el diagnóstico adecuado permitió tratamiento específico. La corea de Sydenham es usualmente una entidad benigna, pero retardos en el diagnóstico pueden conducir a maniobras terapéuticas inapropiadas. La enfermedad de Wilson puede presentarse como corea, pero esto es raro en nuestro medio. En el caso presentado, el diagnóstico debe considerarse posible ya que no se determinaron niveles de cobre en tejido hepático. La respuesta a tratamiento podrá ayudar en confirmar esta sospecha clínica. Se presenta además una breve revisión de la literatura de éstas y otras entidades relacionadas


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Criança , Penicilamina/uso terapêutico , Degeneração Hepatolenticular/diagnóstico , Degeneração Hepatolenticular/tratamento farmacológico , Coreia/diagnóstico , Coreia/etiologia
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