RESUMO
ABSTRACT Color stability is among the most frequent causes of restoration failures, and influences surface properties. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of pigment solutions on low-shrinkage and conventional composites regarding changes in the physical properties of composite surfaces. Materials and Method: Specimens of four composites (Filtek Z350 XT, Point 4, N'Durance and Venus Diamond) were randomly distributed into three groups to be submitted to each of three pigment solutions (red wine, tomato sauce and coffee) in fifteen-minute daily cycles, for twenty-eight days. There were 12 groups altogether (n = 10). Color, surface roughness and hardness tests were performed. Statistical analysis includedAnalysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's significance test (a = 0.05). Results: Color changes caused by the solutions did not differ significantly among Filtek Z350 XT, Venus Diamond and N'Durance. Hardness decreased significantly in Filtek Z350 XT and Venus Diamond after chemical challenge with each solution. For the composite independent factor, roughness was highest in Venus Diamond, followed by Filtek Z350 XT, Point 4 and N'Durance. Conclusions: Treatment with different pigment solutions (red wine, tomato sauce or coffee) increased stainability and decreased hardness of both low-shrinkage and conventional composites, while roughness was unaffected.
RESUMO A estabilidade de cor está entre as causas mais frequentes de falhas de restauragoes, que também influenciam suas propriedades superficiais. Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar a influencia de solugoes de pigmentos em compósitos convencionais e de baixa retragao, bem como alteragoes naspropriedades físicas da superficie dos compósitos. Materiais eMétodo: Amostras de cada compósito (Filtek Z350XT, Point 4, N'Durance e Venus Diamond) foram distribuidas aleatoriamente em grupos submetidos a cada solugao pigmentante (vinho tinto, molho de tomate e café) em ciclos diários de quinze minutos, durante vinte e oito dias. Assim, totalizando 12 grupos (n = 10). Foram realizados testes de cor, rugosidade superficial e dureza. A Análise Estatistica foi realizada usando Análise de variáncia (ANOVA) e o teste de significáncia de Tukey (a = 0.05). Resultados: As alteragoes de cor desencadeadas pelas solugoes investigadas nao mostraram diferenga estatisticamente significativa entre os compósitos Filtek Z350 XT, Venus Diamond e N'Durance. Os valores de dureza registrados para Filtek Z350XT e Venus Diamond diminuiram significativamente após o desafio químico com cada uma das solugoes pigmentantes. Para o fator independente compósito, Venus Diamond registrou a maior rugosidade; foi seguido por Filtek Z350XT, Point 4 e N'Durance. Conclusoes: Os tratamentos das amostras com diferentes solugoes pigmentantes (vinho tinto, molho de tomate e café) aumentaram a manchabilidade dos compósitos convencionais e de baixa retragao e diminuiram sua dureza, embora nao tenham afetado a rugosidade dos compósitos.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the bond strength of ceramic restorations luted using a self-adhesive resin cement (RelyX Unicem, 3M ESPE) under different dentin conditions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In the experimental groups, ceramic restorations were luted to bovine incisors with RelyX Unicem under the following conditions: [Dry dentin]: surface was dried using air stream for 15 s; [Moist dentin]: excess dentin moisture was removed with absorbent paper; [Bonding agent]: Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray) self-etching adhesive system was previously applied to dentin. In the Control group, cementation was done using an etch-and-rinse adhesive (Excite DSC) and Variolink II resin cement (Ivoclar Vivadent). Photoactivation of the resin cements was performed with UltraLume LED 5 unit (Ultradent). The restorations (n=5 per group) were sectioned into beams and microtensile testing was carried out. Data were subjected to ANOVA and Tukey's test (p<0.05). Failure modes were classifed under Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) (x120 magnifcation). RESULTS: The bond strength was dependent on the moisture status of the dentin. Bond strength in the "dry dentin group" was signifcantly lower than that of all other groups, which showed similar results. A predominance of mixed failures was detected for the control group, while a predominance of adhesive failures was observed for the "bonding agent" and "dry dentin" groups. The "moist dentin" group presented predominantly cohesive failures within the luting material. The previous application of a self-etching adhesive showed no signifcant effect. CONCLUSIONS: Only excess dentin moisture should be removed for the cementation of ceramic restorations with self-adhesive resin cements.