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2.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 140(5): 561-568, mayo 2012. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-648581

RESUMO

Background: Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programs play an important role in the control and prevention of new cardiac events. Aim: A survey was performed to evaluate the current situation of CR programs in Chile. Material and Methods: A questionnaire evaluating the structure of rehabilitation centers, characteristics of the rehabilitation programs and patients, management of risk factors, reimbursement methods, human resources and potential barriers for an efficient rehabilitation, was mailed to centers dedicated to CR in Chile. Results: Eight centers were contacted and seven responded. Coronary heart disease is the most common underlying disease of attended patients and CR is carried out mainly during phases II and III. All CR centers perform an initial assessment, stratify patients, plan and provide tips on physical activity and nutrition. Only three centers provide help to quit smoking. Lipid profile and blood sugar are assessed in 62% of centers. Most practitioners involved are cardiologists, nurses, physiotherapists and nutritionists, all trained in cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The main barrier for their development is the lack of patient referral from practitioners. Conclusions: Despite the recognized value of CR in the care of patients after a cardiac event, this study reveals the need for further development of such programs and improvement of patient referrals.


Assuntos
Humanos , Doenças Cardiovasculares/reabilitação , Pessoal de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Centros de Reabilitação/normas , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Chile , Doença das Coronárias/reabilitação , Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Inquéritos e Questionários , Encaminhamento e Consulta , Centros de Reabilitação/organização & administração , Centros de Reabilitação/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores de Risco , Prevenção Secundária
3.
Rev. colomb. cardiol ; 18(6): 305-315, nov.-dic. 2011.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-647257

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: las enfermedades cardiovasculares representan la primera causa de morbimortalidad en muchos países del mundo, entre los que se incluye Colombia. Es así como la rehabilitación cardiovascular se convierte en una estrategia de prevención secundaria con intervención integral y costo-efectiva para este tipo de pacientes. OBJETIVO: evaluar la situación actual de los programas de Rehabilitación Cardiovascular en Colombia. MÉTODOS: estudio descriptivo, realizado por medio de un cuestionario escrito, aplicado al coordinador y/o responsable de cada programa de Rehabilitación Cardiovascular del país. ANÁLISIS DE RESULTADOS: 44 de 49 centros contactados respondieron el cuestionario. 88,6% de los programas pertenece a la red privada y 6,8% a la pública; 75% funciona dentro de un hospital o clínica y 25% son extra hospitalarios. La enfermedad coronaria es la principal patología que genera la remisión de los pacientes a los centros de rehabilitación cardiovascular. El recurso humano es variable en cuanto a su conformación, permanencia y actividades al interior del programa. Todos los centros realizan la fase II, seguida por las fases III (84,1%), I (70,5%) y IV (45,5%). 58% de los programas siempre incluye pruebas diagnósticas de factores de riesgo convencionales (colesterol total y fracciones, triglicéridos y glicemia); 97,7% de los programas refiere evaluar al paciente de manera integral con la inclusión de aspectos de actividad física y nutrición; sin embargo, se evidencia menor porcentaje de implementación del manejo del tabaquismo (45,5%), así como de programas de salud cardiovascular en la mujer (15,95%), prevención cardiovascular para la comunidad (18,2%), pruebas para detección de depresión (25%), apnea del sueño (0%) y caminata de seis minutos (65,9%). La principal barrera detectada en la atención de pacientes corresponde a la falta de remisión por parte del médico tratante (65,9%). CONCLUSIÓN: el desarrollo de los programas de Rehabilitación Cardiovascular en el país debe evaluarse de acuerdo con las cifras de morbimortalidad cardiovascular, la estratificación del riesgo de los pacientes, el acceso al servicio y los resultados más relevantes de este estudio, por lo cual se hace necesario trabajar en la definición de las líneas de base de los requerimientos de los programas que favorezcan el trabajo y la aproximación interdisciplinaria e integral así como el cumplimiento de los objetivos, dando prioridad a la seguridad del paciente.


INTRODUCTION: cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in many countries around the world, including Colombia. Thus, cardiovascular rehabilitation becomes a secondary prevention strategy with integral and cost-effective intervention for these patients. OBJECTIVE: to assess the current status of cardiac rehabilitation programs in Colombia. METHODS: a descriptive study, carried out through a written questionnaire, applied to the coordinator and/or responsible for each cardiac rehabilitation program in the country. RESULT ANALYSIS: 44 of 49 centers contacted answered the questionnaire. 88.6% of the programs belonging to the private network and 6.8% to the public; 75% work within a hospital or clinic and 25% are outpatient. Coronary heart disease is the main pathology that generates the referral of patients to cardiovascular rehabilitation centers. Human resources are variable in their shape, stay and activities within the program. All centers perform phase II, followed by stages III (84.1%), I (70.5%) and IV (45.5%). 58% of the programs always include diagnostic tests for conventional risk factors (total cholesterol and fractions, triglycerides and glucose), 97.7% of the programs referred to assess the patient in a holistic manner including aspects of nutrition and physical activity; however, a lower percentage of implementation of the management of smoking (45.5%), of cardiovascular health programs in women (15.95%), cardiovascular prevention for the community (18.2%), testing detection of depression (25%), sleep apnea (0%) and six minute walk (65.9%) was noticed. The main barrier identified in the care of patients corresponds to the lack of referral by the treating physician (65.9%). CONCLUSION: the development of cardiac rehabilitation programs in the country should be assessed according to the cardiovascular morbidity and mortality rates, risk stratification of patients, access to the service and the most important results of this study, thereby making necessary to work on defining the baselines of the requirements of the programs that encourage work and interdisciplinary and integral approach as well as the fulfillment of the objectives, giving priority to patient safety.


Assuntos
Doença das Coronárias , Reabilitação , Prevenção Secundária
5.
Av. cardiol ; 30(3): 248-255, sept. 2010. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-607809

RESUMO

Actualmente existen m¨¢s de mil millones de adultos con sobrepeso y aproximadamente 300 millones de ellos tienen obesidad. La obesidad se asocia como un factor de riesgo independiente y modificable para la hipertensi¨®n, dislipidemia, diabetes mellitus tipo 2, infarto al miocardio y enfermedad cerebrovascular. En 1995, la Organizaci¨®n Mundial de laSalud, defini¨® obesidad como el exceso de tejido adiposo con un IMC ¡Ý30 kg/m2 y sobrepeso con un IMC ¡Ý25 kg/m2. Varios estudios han descrito que el IMC presenta limitaciones para diagnosticar obesidad, ya que no distingue entre tejido adiposo y masa muscular. Obesidad central se define como acumulaci¨®n de tejido adiposo abdominal y es el tejido metabolicamente activo causante de la resistencia a la insulina y dislipidemia. Recientemente ha emergido un nuevo concepto denominado obesidad con peso normal, el cual se define en individuos con un IMC normal (18,5-24,9 kg/m2) y porcentaje de grasa corporal aumentado (>23,1 % en hombres; >33,3.% en mujeres), con riesgos significativos para enfermedad cardiovascular. El realizar el diagn¨®stico por un m¨¦dico, podr¨ªa llevar al individuoa intentar perder peso, por lo que se han desarrollado m¨¦todos relativamente simples, con uso en la pr¨¢ctica cl¨ªnica, como DEXA, bioimpedancia de m¨²ltiple frecuencia y pletismograf¨ªa con desplazamiento de aire. El IMC es uno de los m¨¦todos m¨¢s usados para el diagn¨®stico de la obesidad, pero con la introducci¨®n de estos nuevos m¨¦todos, el manejo de los individuos con obesidad o sobrepeso podr¨ªa ser m¨¢s adecuado y as¨ª contribuir a parar la creciente epidemia global de obesidad.


Nowadays, there are more than one thous and million overweight adults and at least 300 million have obesity. Obesity is associated as an independent and modifiable risk factor for hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus type 2, myocardial infarction and stroke. In 1995 the World Health Organization defined obesity as a BMI¡Ý30 kg/m2 and overweight as a BMI¡Ý25 kg/m2. In several studies, has been described the BMI has some limitations for the diagnosis of obesity, because it does not distinguish body adiposity from lean mass. Central obesity is defined as an excess of abdominal adiposity that is metabolically active, causing insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. Recently a new concept emerged, normal weight obesity, characterizing individuals with a normal BMI(18.5-24.9 kg/m2) and high body fat percentage (>23.1 % inmen; >33.3 % in women), who may have a higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors. The importance of diagnosing obesity in the doctor¡¯s office relies in that it may lead to weight loss. There are methods relatively simple to measure adiposity, like DEXA, multifrequency bioimpedance and air displacement plethysmography that may have a role in clinical practice. The BMI is one of the most used methods to diagnose obesity, although has some limitations, but with the new methods to measure adiposity, there could be a better way to manage obese or overweight individuals and therefore contribute to stop the global obesity epidemic.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/patologia , Obesidade/complicações , Obesidade/diagnóstico , Tecido Adiposo/anatomia & histologia , Peso Corporal , Venezuela
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