RESUMO
Abstract Non-obstructed ever-smokers, with or without symptoms, have generated a great deal of information recently, but few reviews. Even individuals with normal spirometry can present changes in sputum with inflammatory biomarkers (cellular and molecular) and airways and parenchyma with remodeling; when symptomatic (cough, sputum, wheezing, and dyspnea) exacerbations are frequent affecting the individuals quality of life, there is an increased use of health resources: more medication, emergency visits, and hospital admissions. Non-obstructed smokers may have exercise limitations, increased lung volumes, low diffusion capacity, air entrapment, peripheral airways obstruction, elevated airways resistance, and abnormal multiple breath nitrogen washout, as well as abnormalities in computed tomography studies, such as airway wall thickening, emphysema, or interstitial lung abnormalities. Quitting smoking comprises a first, inexpensive, and often abandoned intervention to arrest respiratory impairment. It is controversial whether or not this population should be treated with other medications. Further studies should be conducted to elucidate the consequences of follow-up and prognosis in this clinical entity.
Assuntos
Humanos , Doenças Respiratórias/etiologia , Fumar/efeitos adversos , Fumantes , Prognóstico , Qualidade de Vida , Doenças Respiratórias/diagnóstico , Doenças Respiratórias/fisiopatologia , Espirometria , Abandono do Hábito de Fumar/métodosRESUMO
La limitación del flujo aéreo en los fumadores es la característica funcional más importante que además condiciona su pronóstico. En términos generales, el enfisema y la enfermedad de la vía aérea pequeña son los eventos anatomopatológicos responsables de dicha obstrucción. En este trabajo se hizo una revisión detallada de la participación de la vía aérea pequeña en la patogénesis de la disminución del flujo aéreo en los pacientes con EPOC.