Ingesta calórica y de macronutrientes en los primeros seis meses post cirugía bariátrica / Calorie and macronutrient intake during the first six months after bariatric surgery

Background: Bariatric surgery (BS) is the most effective procedure in the management of obesity, achieving a significant decrease in energy intake. Aim: To measure calorie and macronutrient intake in patients subjected to gastric bypass (GBP) or sleeve gastrectomy (SG). Material and Methods: We studied 53 patients subjected to SG and 27 subjected to GBP, who were in the first, second or sixth postoperative month. A food frequency consumption survey was applied by specialized nutritionists and their nutritional status was assessed. Results: Mean calorie intake in months 1, 2 and 6 were 505, 600 and 829.8 kcal, respectively. A significantly higher intake was observed at month 1 in patients with those subjected to SG, compared with GBP patients. Protein consumption was <60 g/d, except at 6 months in patients with GBP. At months 1, 2 and 6, mean consumption of lipids were 17, 28 and 30 g/day, respectively. The figures for carbohydrates were 42, 31 and 77 g/day, respectively. At month 1, patients with GBP had a higher BMI, equalizing at 6 months with those of SG. At 6 months 37% of patients had a normal body mass index and 17% remained obese. A negative correlation was observed between weight loss and energy intake during the first month (rho: −0.40; p = 0.033). Conclusions: Patients subjected to BS had a low calorie and macronutrient intake in the first six postoperative months. Their calorie intake is negatively associated with weight loss, mainly during the first postoperative month.

Prevalencia de síndrome metabólico en niños y adolescentes que consultan por obesidad / Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents who consult with obesity

Background: The higher prevalence of chüdhood obesity has led to search for metabolic syndrome (MS) in this age group. Aim: To study the prevalence of MS in obese children and adolescents. Material ana Methods: Cross sectional study of 255 obese children and adolescents aged 11.3 ± 2.4 years, 45 percent males, 60 percent pubertal, with a body mass Índex (BMI) z score of 2.7 ± 0.6, who were evaluated for obesity. MS was defined as the presence of at least three of the following criteria, according to Ferranti: fasting glucose (FG) ≥ 100 mg/dl, triglycerides (TG) ≥ 100 mg/dl, HDL < 50 mg/dl, waist circumference (WC) > percentile (p) 75 and blood pressure (BP) > p90. Patients were also classified using Cook criteria: FG ≥100 mg/dl, TG ≥ 110 mg/dl, HDL < 40 mg/dl, WC > p 90, BP > p 90. Results: MS was observed in 45 and 22.7 percent of patients, according to Ferranti and Cook definitions, respectively. WC was the most frequent criteria and glucose was the most uncommon. Males had higher body mass Índex, WC and TG levéis than femóles. According to Ferranti and Cook áefinitions, MS prevalence was 53.5 and 28 percent in males and 37.6 andl8.4 percent in fernales (p < 0.05). Fifty and 26.1 percent of pubertal patients exhibited MS vs 36.9 and 17.5 percent in pre-pubertal subjects (p < 0.05) using Ferranti and Cook criteria, respectively. The frequency of MS increased along with a higher BMI. Conclusions: MS is a prevalent condition in obese children and adolescents, especially in males and pubertal children. It is necessary to have a better and universal definition for MS in pediatrics including all ages, in order to be focused in obesity prevention and treatment.