Lipase Production by Aspergillus niger C by Submerged Fermentation

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effects of variables on the process of lipases production by Aspergillus niger C by submerged fermentation (SmF). The production assays were performed in shake flasks for 72 hours at 150 rpm and 32°C. First, a fractional factorial design 25-1 (FFD) was carried out to evaluate the effect of the following process variables: sucrose, ammonium sulphate, soybean oil, yeast extract concentration and pH. After the selection of the variables that significantly influenced the lipase production, a central composite rotational design 22 (CCRD) was used, aiming to find the most favorable operational conditions. The selected assay condition (15.0 g.L-1 sucrose, 4.0 g.L-1 ammonium sulphate, 4.0 g.L-1 soybean oil and 1.0 g.L-1 yeast extract at pH 5.0) was the one that presented a lipase activity of 27.46 U.mL-1. It was very close to that best assay (30.76 U.mL-1), but using half of the inducer concentration, consequently reducing process cost. The kinetics of lipase production showed that the highest specific activity was 57.17 U.mg-1. The pH and temperature effects on lipase activity produced in this study was investigated. The optimum activity was found in a more acidic pH (5.0-6.0) and 55°C.

Batch and fixed-bed column biosorption of manganese ion by sargassum filipendula

This paper presents experimental data of the biosorption of manganese onto Sargassum filipendula in both batch and fixed-bed column systems. Batch equilibrium data were used for nonlinear fittings of the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. A mathematical model based on mass balances in the fluid and in the sorbent was applied to represent the experimental fixed-bed column data. The utilization of isotherm parameters from the batch experiments in the breakthrough model implied a significant mismatch in relation to the laboratory data. Alternatively, additional fixed-bed column data provided new parameters for the isotherm evaluation, and the corresponding simulated profile of the breakthrough curve reached better agreement to the experimental results.

Bioaccumulation of copper, zinc, cadmium and lead by Bacillus sp., Bacillus cereus, Bacillus sphaericus and Bacillus subtilis

This work presents some results on the use of microbes from the genus Bacillus for uptake of cadmium, zinc, copper and lead ions. Maximum copper bioaccumulations were 5.6 mol/g biomass for B. sphaericus, 5.9 mol/g biomass for B. cereus and B. subtilis, and 6.4 mol/g biomass for Bacillus sp. Maximum zinc bioaccumulations were 4.3 mol/g biomass for B. sphaericus, 4.6 mol/g biomass for B. cereus, 4.8 mol/g biomass for Bacillus sp. and 5.0 mol/g biomass for B. subtilis. Maximum cadmium bioaccumulations were 8.0 mol/g biomass for B. cereus, 9.5 mol/g biomass for B. subtilis, 10.8 mol/g biomass for Bacillus sp. and 11.8 mol/g biomass for B. sphaericus. Maximum lead biomaccumulations were 0.7 mol/g biomass for B. sphaericus, 1.1 mol/g biomass for B. cereus, 1.4 mol/g biomass for Bacillus sp. and 1.8 mol/g biomass for B. subtilis. The different Bacillus strains tested presented distinct uptake capacities, and the best results were obtained for B. subtilis and B. cereus.(au)

Accumulation of cadmium from moderately concentrated cadmium solutions by chlorella and scenedesmus strains

A acumulaçäo de Cadmio a partir de soluçöes contaminadas com o metal foi estudada através do emprego de 3 diferentes microalgas. Dentre as espécies testadas a Chlorella homosphaera mostrou maior poder de acumulaçäo comparada com células de Scenedesmus quadricauda e Chlorella homosphaera e Scenedesmus quadricauda foram consideravelmente afetadas pela presen

The effect of alginic matrix on cadmium uptake by an immobilized green microalgae

Este trabalho descreve alguns estudos de absorçäo de cádmio por células de Chlorella homosphaera livres e imobilizadas em alginato, bem como a absorçäo devida à matriz polimérica isenta de células em soluçöes de cádmio na faixa de concentraçöes de 8,7 a 45,0 mg/l. A captaçäo do metal foi mais efetiva com o uso de células livres até a concentraçäo de 26,8 mg/l do metal. Os resultados obtidos com emprego do alginato e células aprisionadas em alginato estäo provavelmente associados à porosidade da matriz e à densidade celular dentro das partículas de alginato