Effect of Ocimum gratissimum in Mouthrinses on De Novo Plaque Formation. A Randomized Clinical Trial

Resumo O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar clinicamente em humanos o efeito antiplaca de Ocimum gratissimum (Og). Quinze adultos saudáveis participaram deste estudo cruzado, duplo-cego, por meio de um modelo de acúmulo de placa parcial de 3 dias. Os voluntários aboliram qualquer método mecânico de higiene oral e foram inicialmente designados para usar os seguintes enxaguatórios bucais: água destilada (solução AD), digluconato de clorexidina a 0,12% (solução CLX) ou 10% Og (solução Og). O índice de placa (IPL) foi registrado em todos os dentes inferiores no final do experimento e os testes estatísticos Kruskal-Wallis (α=0,05) e Mann-Whitney (α=0,05) foram utilizados para estimar a diferença entre os grupos. Os resultados clínicos demonstraram diferença estatisticamente significante entre os três grupos (p<0,05), favorecendo os grupos CLX e Og; entretanto o grupo CLX foi mais efetivo que o grupo Og (p<0,05). Os enxaguatórios bucais contendo digluconato de clorexidina e Og a 10% foram capazes de reduzir a formação de nova placa bacteriana, mas Og mostrou resultados mais limitados em comparação ao digluconato de clorexidina.

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the antiplaque effect of Ocimum gratissimum (Og) by in vivo investigation. Fifteen healthy volunteers participated in a crossover, double-blind clinical study, using a 3-day partial-mouth plaque accumulation model. The participants abolished any method of mechanical oral hygiene and they were randomly assigned to initially use just the following mouthrinses: distilled water (DW solution), 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate (CLX solution) or 10% Og (Og solution). The plaque index (PLI) was recorded in all mandibular teeth at the end of the trial and the Kruskal-Wallis (α=0.05) and Mann-Whitney (α=0.05) tests were used to estimate the difference among groups. The clinical results showed statistically significant difference among the groups (p<0.05), favoring the CLX solution and Og solution, but the first was more effective (p<0.05). The mouthrinses containing 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate and 10% Og were able to inhibit plaque re-growth, however Og showed more limited results in comparison to CLX.

Clinical effect of a mouthwash containing Anacardium occidentale Linn. on plaque and gingivitis control: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: Plaque‑associated gingivitis is a prevalent disease and research in its treatment using herbal agents must be encouraged to verify which would be a useful addition to the current range or chemotherapeutic treatment options. Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical effect of a mouth rinse containing 10% Anacardium occidentale (AO) Linn., a typical plant commonly found in the Northeast Region of Brazil, on the reduction of plaque and gingivitis in comparison to a gold‑standard chemotherapeutic agent. Materials and Methods: Thirty normosystemic adult volunteers of both genders, who had a minimum of twenty natural teeth, aging between 18 and 32 years, were enrolled in this crossover, controlled, examiner‑blind clinical study. They were randomly allocated into three groups: 10% AO Linn. (n = 10); 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate (CLX, n = 10); or placebo (PB, n = 10). All volunteers were instructed to brush their teeth with a fluoridated dentifrice two times a day (12/12 h) and to rinse for 1 min with one of the mouthwashes (AO, CLX, or PB) 30 min after tooth brushing for 1 month. Plaque index (PLI) and gingival bleeding index (BLI) were recorded on days 0 and 30. Nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis and Wilcoxon tests (α = 0.05) were performed to evaluate statistical differences among groups. Results: There was a significant reduction (P < 0.05) on plaque and gingivitis at day 30 just in CLX ([PLI = 0.47 ± 0.16; - 30%]; [BLI = 0.15 ± 0.09; ‑55.8%]) and AO ([PLI = 0.49 ± 0.21; ‑31%]; [BLI = 0.13 ± 0.10; ‑56.6%]) groups, but no statistically significant difference was observed among them (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Mouthwash containing 10% AO was effective as an antiplaque and antigingivitis agent, in a similar manner that 0.12% CLX.

Effect of Lippia sidoides in mouthrinses on de novo plaque formation: A double-blind clinical study in humans.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antiplaque effect of Lippia sidoides (LS) by in vivo investigation. Materials and Methods: Ten healthy volunteers participated in a cross-over, double-blind clinical study, using a 3-day partial-mouth plaque accumulation model. The participants abolished any method of mechanical oral hygiene and they were randomly assigned initially to use just the following mouth rinses: Distilled water (negative control group), 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate (positive control group) or 10% LS (test group). The plaque index was recorded in the six anterior upper teeth at the end of the trial and the one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni tests were used to estimate the difference among groups. Results: The clinical results did show statistically significant difference among three groups (P < 0.05), favoring the positive control group and test group, however, no difference in efficacy was found between them (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The mouth rinses containing 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate and 10% LS were equally able to inhibit plaque re-growth.

Avaliação do efeito do extrato da casca do cajueiro sobre microrganismos de biofilme subgengival. Estudo experimental in vitro / Evaluation of the activity of Anacardium occidentale on microorganisms of subgingival biofilm: experimental study in vitro

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito do extrato hidroalcoólico da casca do cajueiro (AO) sobre amostras microbiológicas de biofilme subgengival. Estas foram coletadas de bolsa periodontal, colocadas em meio de cultura líquido BHI pré-reduzido (Brain Heart Infusion) e triplicadas em placas de ágar-sangue contendo discos imersos em diferentes concentrações do extrato hidroalcoólico da casca do cajueiro (12,5% e 50%), em solução de digluconato de clorexidina a 0,12% e em solução salina a 0,9%. Independente da concentração utilizada, o AO não apresentou efeito sobre o crescimento bacteriano, de forma semelhante à solução salina e diferente da solução de digluconato de clorexidina a 0,12%, que demonstrou um halo de inibição de 11 mm. Assim, o extrato hidroalcoólico da casca do cajueiro não exerceu efeito inibitório in vitro sobre amostras microbiológicas de biofilme subgengival.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the Anacardium occidentale (AO) hydroalcoholic extract on oral microorganisms from subgingival biofilm. They were immerged in a pre-reduced BHI (Brain Heart Infusion) and distributed in plates containing agar-sanguis in contact with various solutions: 0.9% saline; 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate; 12.5% and 50% AO. The saline solution had no effect on bacterial growth in a similar manner than AO, independently of its concentration. 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate showed an expressive inhibition hale (11mm). Then, AO did not show inhibitory effect in vitro on microorganisms from subgingival biofilm

Avaliação dos extratos de anacardium occidentale linn e lippia sidoides cham no processo de cicatrização tecidual. Estudo histológico em dorso de ratos / Evaluation of extracts from Anacardium occidentale Linn. and Lippia sidoides Cham. on wound healing process. Histological study in rats

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar histologicamente o efeito dos géis contendo extratos de Anacardium occidentale Linn. (AO) e Lippia sidoides Cham.(LS) no reparo tecidual de feridas cutâneas em dorso de ratos. Dezoito ratos da raça Wistar foram divididos aleatoriamente em três grupos de seis animais cada, de acordo com o período experimental: Grupo 1 (n = 6), sacrificados no 1º dia; Grupo 2 (n = 6), sacrificados no 7º dia e grupo 3 (n = 6), sacrificados no 10º dia. Quatro feridas cutâneas foram realizadas por meio de escarificação utilizando bisturi com lâmina nº 10 no dorso dos animais e sobre elas foram aplicadas topicamente em dose única diária, uma das quatro substâncias. Estabeleceu-se o seguinte protocolo: grupo A (perfuração superior, lado esquerdo) – gel placebo (Carbopol); grupo B (perfuração inferior, lado esquerdo) – gel de digluconato de clorexidina a 2%; grupo C (perfuração superior, lado direito) – gel de AO a 10%; grupo D (perfuração inferior, lado direito) – gel de LS a 10%. Não houve diferença qualitativa e quantitativa no processo de cicatrização entre os grupos nos dias 1 e 10 (p>0,05), porém aos 7 dias os géis contendo os fitoterápicos mostraram resultados mais favoráveis (p<0,05), apresentando uma cicatrização mais rápida neste período

The aim of this study was to evaluate, by histological analysis, the effect of gels containing extracts of Anacardium occidentale Linn and Lippia sidoides Cham on wound healing in Wistar rats. Eighteen rats were randomly divided into three groups with six animals each: Group 1 (n = 6) sacrificed on 1st day, Group 2 (n = 6) sacrificed on 7th day and group 3 (n = 6) sacrificed on 10th day. Four wounds were made by scraping using a scalpel blade #10 on the dorsum of the animals, and one of the four substances applied once a day, following the protocol: group A (upper wound, left side) – placebo gel (Carbopol); group B (bottom wound, left side) – 2% chlorhexidine digluconate gel; group C (upper wound, right side) – 10% Anacardium occidentale Linn gel; group D (bottom wound, right side) – 10% Lippia sidoides Cham gel. There were no qualitative and quantitative differences in the healing process among groups on days 1 and 10 (p>0.05), but on day 7 the herbal gels showed more favorable results (p<0.05), improving the wound healing in this period

Antiplaque and antigingivitis effect of Lippia Sidoides: a double-blind clinical study in humans

OBJECTIVES: The antiplaque and antigingivitis effect of Lippia Sidoides (LS) was evaluated in this in vivo investigation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-three subjects participated in a cross-over, double-blind clinical study, using 21-day partial-mouth experimental model of gingivitis. A toothshield was constructed for each volunteer, avoiding the brushing of the 4 experimental posterior teeth in the lower left quadrant. The subjects were randomly assigned initially to use either the placebo gel (control group) or the test gel, containing 10 percent LS (test group). RESULTS: The clinical results showed statistically significant differences for plaque index (PLI) (p<0.01) between days 0 and 21 in both groups, however only the control group showed statistically significant difference (p<0.01) for the bleeding (IB) and gingival (GI) index within the experimental period of 21 days. On day 21, the test group presented significantly better results than the control group with regard to the GI (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The test gel containing 10 percent LS was effective in the control of gingivitis.

Efeito de diferentes concentrações do extrato hidroalcoólico de alecrim-pimenta sobre amostras microbiológicas de biofilme supragengival - estudo experimental in vitro / Antiplaque effect of the Lippia sidoides hidrooalcholic extract. An in vitro study

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes concentrações do extrato hidroalcoólico de alecrim-pimenta sobre amostras microbiológicas, comparando-o com uma solução de digluconato de clorexidina a O,12%. Estas amostras foram obtidas de um biofilme supragengival com uma semana de colonização, colocadas em meio de cultura BHI (Brain Heart Infusion) e replicadas em placas de ágar ûsangue contendo discos imersos em diferentes concentrações do extrato de alecrim-pimenta (0,1%, 0,5 %, 1%, 2%, 5% e 10%), em solução de clorexidina a O,12%, em solução salina e em álcool absoluto. As concentrações a partir de 2% demonstraram halo de inibição semelhante à dorexidina, enquanto que a solução alcoólica e de soro fisiológico não apresentaram efeito inibitório no crescimento bacteriano. Portanto, o extrato hidroalcoólico do óleo essencial de alecrim-pimenta nas concentrações de 2%, 5% e 10% exerceu efeito inibitório "invitro" sobre amostras microbiológicas de biofilme supragengival de forma similar à solução de clorexidina a 0,12%.