Enteroparasites and commensals among individuals living in rural and urban areas in Abadia dos Dourados, Minas Gerais state, Brazil

The aim of this study was to evaluate the enteroparasite and commensal occurrence in inhabitants living in the city of Abadia dos Dourados, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Three hundred and seventy six people were selected at random, 188 living in the rural area and 188 living in the urban area, from January through December of 1996. Using the Lutz method 177 (47.1 percent) individuals infected: 102 (57.6 percent) in the rural population and 75 (39.9 percent) in the urban population (P < 0.05). Of the total 177 enteroparasite and commensal occurrences diagnosed were: Entamoeba coli (18.3 percent), hookworm (17.8 percent), Endolimax nana (6.1 percent>), Giardia lamblia (5.8 percent), Ascaris lumbricoides (2.6 percent>), Entamoeba hartmanni (2.1 percent), Iodamoeba biltschlii (1.6 percent), Strongyloides ster cor alls (1.3 percent), Enterobius vermicularis (0.5 percent), and Trichostrongylus sp (0.5 percent). Geohelminths were predominant in the rural area, with an occurrence ofhookworm infections at 28.2 percent in these individuals and 7.4 percent in the urban people (OR: 14.33 CI: 6.230 to 32.970). The infection rate of enteroparasites was high in the population studied. In conclusion, it is necessary to implement regular parasitological exams and education about the forms and consequences of transmitting parasites, primarily among people living in the rural area.

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la presencia de enteroparasitas y comensales en habitantes de la ciudad de Abadia dos Dourados, Minas Gerais, Brasil. 376 personas fueron seleccionadas aleatoriamente, 188 viviendo en el área rural y 188 viviendo en el área urbana, enero a diciembre de 1996. Usando el método de Lutz, 177 (47,1 por ciento) individuos estaban infectados, siendo 102 (57,6 por ciento) del área rural y 75 (39,9 por ciento) del área urbana (P < 0,05). Del total de 177 positivos, la ocurrencia de entoparasitas y comenzáis diagnosticadas fueron: Entamoeba coli (18,3 por ciento), hookworm (17,8 por ciento), Endolimax nana (6,1 por ciento), Giardia lamblia (5,8 por ciento), Ascaris lumbricoides (2,6 por ciento), Entamoeba hartmanni (2,1 por ciento), Iodamoeba butschlii (1,6" por ciento), Stron-gyloides stercolaris (1,3 por ciento), Enterobius vermicularis (0,5 por ciento), y Trichostrongylus sp (0,5 por ciento), Geohelmintos fueron predominantes en el ßrea rural, con 28,2 por ciento de infección para hookworm en esta populación y 7,4 por ciento en la populación urbana (OR: 14,33 CI: 6.230 para 32.970). La tasa de infección para enteroparasitas fue alta en los individuos estudiados, siendo necesario hacer exámenes parasitológicos regulares en estas personas y adoptar medidas profilácticas sobre las formas y consecuencias de transmisión de parásitas, principalmente entre personas que viven en el área rural.

In vitro susceptibility to antifungal agents of clinical and environmental Cryptococcus neoformans isolated in Southern of Brazil

The purpose of the present study was to compare the susceptibility to four antifungal agents of 69 Cryptococcus neoformans strains isolated from AIDS patients with that of 13 C. neoformans strains isolated from the environment. Based on the NCCLS M27-A methodology the Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) obtained for amphotericin B, itraconazole and ketoconazole were very similar for clinical and environmental isolates. Clinical isolates were less susceptible to fluconazole than environmental isolates. The significance of these findings and aspects concerning the importance, role and difficulties of C. neoformans susceptibility testing are also discussed

Development of secondary resistance to fluconazole in Cryptococcus neoformans isolated from a patient with AIDS

Relatamos um caso de meningite por Cryptococcus neoformans em paciente com Sindrome de Imunodeficiencia Adquirida (SIDA). A terapia de manutencao com fluconazol nao evidenciou melhora clinica e micologica, ao mesmo tempo em que o teste de suscetibilidade in vitro revelou aumento progressivo da concentracao inibitoria minima (CIM). Estes resultados sugerem o desenvolvimento de resistencia secundaria ao fluconazol, todavia, resistencia cruzada com outros derivados azolicos nao foi constatada