Relationship Between Celiac Disease and Dental Caries in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the relationship between celiac disease and the prevalence of dental caries in children and adolescents and also evaluate if dental enamel defects in celiac children predispose to dental caries. Material and Methods: Searches were performed in the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences, and OpenGrey. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. DMFT/dmft and DMFS/dmfs data of observational studies that compared the prevalence of caries between children and adolescents with celiac disease and healthy individuals. Meta-analysis was performed using a random effects model. Heterogeneity between studies was estimated using Cochran's Q test, and inconsistency was measured using I2 statistics. Results: Of the 121 studies retrieved, 17 were selected, and 12 were included in the meta-analysis. The prevalence of caries in the primary dentition (dmft) did not differ between celiac patients and controls [SMD = -0.35; 95% CI (-0.83; 0.13); p = 0,15; I2 = 89%]. There was also no difference in the prevalence of caries in permanent teeth (DMFT) between groups [SMD = -0.44; 95% CI (-1.02; 0.14); p = 0.14; I2 = 95%]. Conclusion: Celiac disease is not a determinant factor in the development of dental caries in children and adolescents compared to the control group.

Preditores de mortalidade em pacientes acima de 70 anos na revascularização miocárdica ou troca valvar com circulação extracorpórea / Predictors of mortality in patients over 70 years-old undergoing CABG or valve surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass

OBJETIVO: Identificar fatores de risco em septuagenários e octogenários submetidos à cirurgia cardiovascular com circulação extracorpórea (CEC). MÉTODOS: Avaliadas variáveis peri-operatórias de 265 pacientes com mais de 70 anos; desses, 248 (93,6%) eram septuagenários e 17 (6,4%) eram octogenários. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença de mortalidade entre eles, com mortalidade global de 22 (8,3%) pacientes. Não houve diferença em relação ao tipo de procedimento (revascularização ou tratamento valvar) (P=0,545). As variáveis pré-operatórias não aumentaram o risco de morte. Enxerto arterial ou venoso (P=0,261) e número de enxertos utilizados por paciente (P=0,131) não aumentaram a mortalidade. O grupo de sobreviventes apresentou tempo médio de CEC de 70 ± 27 minutos e o grupo óbito, 88,8 ± 25,4 minutos, com significância estatística (P<0,001). O tempo de isquemia no grupo de sobreviventes foi de 55,5 ± 20 minutos e no grupo óbito, 64,9 ± 16 minutos, com significância (P=0,014). Na regressão logística multivariada, o tempo de CEC é a variável que se associa a morte, com qui-quadrado de Pearson =0,0056. Tempo de CEC > 75 minutos apresenta 3,2 vezes (IC 95%: 1,3 - 7,9), maior chance de óbito do que os pacientes com tempo de CEC < 75 minutos. Variáveis pós-operatórias: tempo de ventilação mecânica > 12 horas (P< 0,001), tempo de internação na UTI (P=0,033), reoperação (P=0,001), suporte inotrópico > 48 horas (P<0,001) e necessidade de hemoderivados (P<0,001) aumentam a mortalidade. CONCLUSÃO: A mortalidade global justifica a intervenção. CEC > 75 minutos, tempo de ventilação mecânica superior a 12 horas, de internação em UTI, reoperação, suporte inotrópico por período superior a 48 horas e uso de hemoderivados estão associados a maior mortalidade.

OBJECTIVE: To identify risk factors in septuagenarians and octogenarians submitted to cardiovascular surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). METHODS: Per-operative variables of 265 patients over 70 years of age were analyzed. 248 (93.6%) were septuagenarians and 17 (6.4%) octogenarians. RESULTS: Overall mortality did not differ between the groups, nor did the type of procedure (CABG or valvular) (P=0.545). Pre-operative variables did not increase the death risk, nor did the use of arterial or venous grafts (P=0.261), or the number of grafts per patient (P=0.131). CPB and cross-clamp time are associated with higher mortality. The survivors' group had an average CPB time of 70 ± 27 minutes while the non-survivors group 88.8 ± 25.4 minutes (P<0.001). Cross-clamp time in the survivors was 55.5 ± 20 minutes, while 64.9 ± 16 minutes in the non-survivors (P=0.014). Using multivariate logistic regression, CPB time is associated with death (Pearson's chi square= 0.0056). CPB time over 75 minutes presents an increased risk of death of 3.2 times (CI 95%: 1.3-7.9) over those with CPB time < 75 minutes. Post-operative variables associated with increased death rates: mechanical ventilation > 12 hours (P<0.001); ICU stay (P=0.033); re-exploration (P=0.001); inotropic support > 48 hours (P<0.001); use of blood components (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Overall mortality justifies the interventions. CPB time greater than 75 minutes, mechanical ventilation over 12 hours, length of ICU stay, need for reoperation, inotropic drug support over 48 hours, and use of blood components are associated with a higher mortality rate.