Sandflies (diptera: psychodidae) in an urban area of Northeastern Brazil

Abstract INTRODUCTION: The sandfly fauna is well studied globally. In Brazil, sandfly fauna is very diverse in the Northeast region, especially in states such as Maranhão, Ceará, and Bahia. However, in the State of Pernambuco, the distribution of these insects is still not well known. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify the different species that constitute the sandfly fauna in an urban area in the Northeast region of Brazil, where an outbreak of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) was recently reported. METHODS: The sandflies were collected from an urban area endemic for VL, at five collection points. The collection of samples was carried out from November 2014 to December 2015, using CDC light traps installed in intradomiciliary and peridomiciliary fashion. RESULTS: The collected sandflies (n = 297) belonged to eight species: Lutzomyia lenti, Lutzomyia longipalpis, Lutzomyia sallesi, Lutzomyia migonei, Lutzomyia walkeri, Lutzomyia capixaba, Lutzomyia carmelinoi, and Lutzomyia whitmani. Most of the specimens collected were peridomiciliary (247/297, 83%). L. lenti (154/297, 52%) was the most frequently sampled species, followed by L. longipalpis (88/297, 29.6%), and L. sallesi (42/297, 14.1%), which together accounted for over 90% of the collected sandfly specimens. CONCLUSIONS: The continued presence of L. longipalpis in urban areas, including that in intradomiciliary areas, with a predominance of females, is crucial because of the high possibility of them causing VL outbreaks, since this species is the main vector of Leishmania infantum in Brazil.

Phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in São Vicente Férrer, a sympatric area to cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil / Flebotomíneos (Diptera: Psychodidae) em São Vicente Férrer, uma área simpátrica para leishmaniose tegumentar e visceral, no estado de Pernambuco, Brasil

INTRODUCTION: In the last decades, a considerable geographic expansion of the leishmaniases in all regions of Brazil has been observed. The present study was carried out to identify the composition of the phlebotomine sandfly fauna and verify the seasonal variation of the main species after environmental changes occurred in São Vicente Férrer Municipality, State of Pernambuco, Brazil. METHODS: Captures were carried out during four consecutive nights of each month using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention light traps from September 2009 to September 2010. The correlation between the number of phlebotomine sandflies captured and climatic factors (temperature and rainfall) was evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 13,872 specimens belonging to 20 species were captured, of which, 6,247 (45 percent) were females, and 7,625 (55 percent) were males. Lutzomyia migonei was the most abundant species with 9,964 (71.8 percent) specimens, being predominant in the intradomicile and peridomicile areas with 108 (86.4 percent) and 9,746 (97 percent), respectively. In the forest remnants, Lutzomyia complexa 2,395 (65 percent) and Lutzomyia sordellii 770 (20.8 percent) predominated. The correlation analysis between the total number of sandflies captured and climatic factors did not show a significant influence on population density. CONCLUSIONS: The high abundance of Lutzomyia migonei and Lutzomyia complexa indicates the possibility of new cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL).

INTRODUÇÃO: Nas últimas décadas tem se observado uma considerável expansão geográfica das leishmanioses em todas as regiões do Brasil. O presente estudo foi realizado para identificar a fauna de flebotomíneos e verificar a sazonalidade das principais espécies após mudanças ambientais ocorridas no município de São Vicente Férrer, Estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. MÉTODOS: As capturas foram realizadas durante quatro noites consecutivas por mês usando armadilhas luminosas CDC, no período de setembro de 2009 a setembro de 2010. A correlação entre o número de flebotomíneos capturados e fatores climáticos (temperatura e umidade) foi avaliada. RESULTADOS: Foi capturado um total de 13.872 espécimes pertencentes a 20 espécies, sendo 6.247 (45 por cento) fêmeas e 7.625 (55 por cento) machos. Lutzomyia migonei foi a espécie mais abundante com 9.964 (71,8 por cento) espécimes, sendo predominante no intradomicílio 108 (86,4 por cento) e peridomicílio 9.746 (97 por cento). Nos resquícios de mata primária, predominaram Lutzomyia complexa 2.395 (65 por cento) e Lutzomyia sordellii 770 (20,8 por cento). A análise de correlação entre o número total de flebotomíneos capturados e os fatores climáticos não mostrou uma influência significativa na densidade da população. CONCLUSÕES: A elevada abundância de Lutzomyia migonei e Lutzomyia complexa indica a possibilidade de novos casos de leishmaniose cutânea (LC).

Comportamento da fauna de flebotomíneos, com ênfase em Lutzomyia Longpalpis, em área endêmica para Leishmaniose Visceral no Município de Passira, Agreste de Pernambuco / Behavior phlebotomine fauna, with emphasis on Lutzomyia longipalpis in an endemic area for visceral leishmaniasis in municipal Passirra, Agreste of Pernambuco

As leishmanioses são doenças infecciosas, causadas por protozoários do gênero Leishmania, trasmistidos por insetos da família Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psychodidae). Em Pernambuco, a LV vem apresentando importante expansão geográfica. Passira registrou 06 casos de LV humana entre 2002 e 2007 e, 35 casos de LVC entre 2005 e 2009. Este estudo objetivou descrever o comportamento da fauna de flebotomíneos, com ênfase em Lutzomyia longipalpis, em área endêmica para leishmaniose visceral no município de Passira, Agreste de Pernambuco. Quatro localidades foram selecionadas para o estudo (Apara, Poço do Pau, Sítio Borba e Varjada de Cima). Utilizou-se armadilhas CDC, armadilha de Shannon e armadilha Disney modificada com isca animal (Galea spixii e Rattus rattus) para coletar os flebotomíneos em diferentes ecótopos. Dos flebotomíneos coletados alguns foram dissecados e o restante foi feito pools com 5 ou 10 exemplares para extração e detecção do parasito através do teste de PCR. Entre agosto/2009 a agosto/2010 foram capturados 24.226 flebotomíneos com armadilha CDC, em diferentes ecótopos. Destes, 23.716 exemplares são de Lutzomyia longipalpis. Ademais, foram realizadas capturas com Armadilha de Shannon, na qual se coletaram 373 espécimens de Lutzomyia longipalpis, sendo então dissecados 30 exemplares. Verificou-se que de todos os ecótopos trabalhados, o E1 referente ao galinheiro foi o que mais atraiu os flebotomíneos. Três animais (dois Galea spixii e um Rattus rattus) foram utilizados para captura de flebotomíneos com armadilha Disney modificada, sendo 228 espécimens coletados de Lutzomyia longipalpis. Adicionalmente, verificou-se a flutuação da populaçao de flebotomíneos com a variação climática na região, no qual se podem observar picos de flebotomíenos em períodos após a chuva, que correspondeu ao mês de fevereiro. Para detecção de L. infantum foram analisadas 628 pools de flebotomíneos, sendo 01 exemplar de Lutzomyia longipalpis apresentando positividade...

Leishmaniasis are infectious diseases caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania, transmited by insects of Phlebotominae family (Diptera: Psychodidae). In Pernambuco, the VL has shown significant geographic expansion. Passira recorded 06 cases of human VL between 2002 and 2007, and 35 cases of VCL between 2005 and 2009. This study aimed describe thebehavior of the sandfly fauna, with emphasis on Lutzomyia longipalpis in an endemic area for visceral leishmaniasis in the municipality of Passira, Agreste of Pernambuco. Four locations were selected for the study (Apara, Poço do Pau, Sítio Borba and Varjada de Cima). We used CDC light traps, Shannon traps and traps baited with Disney modified animal (Galea spixii and Rattus rattus) to collect sand flies in different ecotypes. Some of the sandflies collected were dissected and the remainder was made pools of 5 or 10 copies for extraction anddetection of parasites by PCR test. Between August/2009 and August/2010 were captured 24.226 san flies with CDC light traps, in differents ecotypes. Of these, 23.716 specimens are Lutzomyia longipalpis. Moreover, there were captured with Shannon trap, in wich collected 373 specimens of Lutzomyia longipalpis, and then dissected 30 specimens. It was found that all workd ecotypes, E1 corresponding to henhouse was the most attracted sand flies. Threeanimals (two Galea spixii and one Rattus rattus) were used to capture sand flies with Disney trap changed, being 228 specimens of Lutzomyia longipalpis collected. Additionally, there was a fluctuation of the population of sand flies with climate variability in the region in which we can observe peaks of sand flies after rain periods, which corresponded to the month of February. For detection of L. infantum were analyzed 628 pools of sand flies, and 01 copie of Lutzomyia longipalpis was positive.