Alterações sensoriais em respiradores orais: revisão sistemática baseada no método prisma / Sensory changes in mouth breathers: systematic review based on the prisma method

RESUMO Objetivo: Revisar, na literatura, estudos que abordem alterações nos sistemas sensoriais apresentadas por respiradores orais. Fonte de dados: A busca foi realizada nas bases de dados PubMed, BIREME, LILACS, Web of Science e Scopus. A busca foi realizada independentemente por dois pesquisadores, seguindo os critérios de seleção. Foram selecionados artigos originais que abordaram a respiração oral e as alterações nos sistemas sensoriais publicados nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol. Os artigos de revisão da literatura, as dissertações, os capítulos de livros, os estudos de caso e os editoriais foram excluídos. Síntese dos dados: Foram encontrados 719 artigos, dos quais 663 foram excluídos pelo título e 22 pelo resumo. Trinta e quatro manuscritos foram analisados, dos quais 23 estavam repetidos e 8 foram excluídos pelo texto lido na íntegra. Assim, três artigos foram selecionados para esta revisão. Conclusões: A maioria dos estudos apresenta a ocorrência de alterações dos sistemas sensoriais em crianças respiradoras orais. Contudo, observa-se maior preocupação na avaliação da recepção sensorial. Além disso, a avaliação dos sistemas sensoriais foi realizada de forma não padronizada, o que pode ter acarretado resultados menos precisos na população estudada.

ABSTRACT Objective: To review, in the literature, information regarding changes in the sensory systems of mouth breathers. Data sources: The search was conducted in the following databases PubMed, BIREME, LILACS, Web of Science and Scopus. The search was independently carried out by two researchers, following the selection criteria. Original articles that approached mouth breathing and changes in sensory systems published in Portuguese, English and Spanish were published. Literature review of articles, dissertations, book chapters, case studies and editorials were excluded. Data synthesis: We found 719 articles. Among them, 663 were excluded by the title and 22 by the summary. Among the 34 analyzed manuscripts, 23 were repeated and 8 were excluded by reading the full text. Thus, 3 articles were selected for this review. Conclusions: Most studies presents the occurrence of changes in sensory systems in mouth breathing children. However, sensory reception is a matter of more concern. Besides, the evaluation of sensory systems was not standardized, which may have led to less precise results in the studied population.

Propuesta de evaluación de percepción visual como rutina en el examen de niños con alteraciones genéticas o neurológicas / Proposal of a visual perception of assessment as routine in children with genetic or neurological disorders

Se trata de un estudio descriptivo y de observación para verificar y describir la importancia de la utilización de un instrumento de triaje del comportamiento visomotor de niños con alteración genética y/o neurológica. Para recolectar información se elaboró un cuestionario aplicándose la Guía de Examen Visual para análisis del comportamiento visomotor en los niños. Participaron del estudio 22 niños, de los cuales el 81,8 por ciento presentaba Síndrome de Down. De las diez pruebas de que consta la Guía, dos (sonrisa al contacto social y extender el brazo en dirección al objeto visualizado), no fueron respondidas por el 63,6 por ciento de los bebés. A pesar de que la población con Síndrome de Down es más sensible a las alteraciones visuales, fue posible constatar que los niños examinados tuvieron un percentil elevado de respuestas positivas, pudiendo asociarse a la estimulación que reciben. El Terapeuta Ocupacional es el profesional habilitado para trabajar en el desarrollo infantil, debiendo estar atento al desarrollo del sistema visual. Como la guía de examen visual nos da respuestas importantes sobre el comportamiento visual de los niños, además de ser capaz de detectar posibles déficits visuales, quedó demostrada la necesidad de su utilización en los servicios de salud por terapeutas capacitados.

This is a descriptive, observational study that aims to determine and describe the importance of using a visuomotor behavior screening tool for children with genetic and / or neurological changes. To collect the data, a questionnaire was designed and the visual assessment script was implemented to analyze the visuomotor behavior of children. The participants were 22 children, where 81.8 percent of those with Down syndrome. From the ten tests composing the script, two of them (smile social contact and reach out toward the viewed object), were not answered by 63.3 percent of the assessed babies. Despite the population with Down syndrome be easily affected by visual changes, it was found that the children evaluated had high percentile of positive responses, which may be associated with the stimulation that these children receive. The Occupational Therapist is a qualified professional to work with child development and should be alert to the development of the visual system. Since the visual assessment script gives us important answers about the visual behavior of children, as well as being able to detect possible visual deficits, it become evident the need for its use in health services by trained occupational therapists for its application.