Avaliação econômica dos casos de Dengue atribuídos ao desastre de 2011 em Nova Friburgo (RJ), Brasil / Economic evaluation of cases of dengue fever attributed to the disaster of 2011 in Nova Friburgo (State of Rio de Janeiro/Brazil)

A perspectiva apontada pelos cenários climáticos desenvolvidos para o Brasil é de provável aumento no número de eventos hidrometeorológicos extremos nos próximos anos. Por isso, se faz importante o estudo dos agravos em saúde que poderão se intensificar em decorrência desses eventos. Portanto, por meio deste artigo, propõe-se estimar o custo representado pelos casos de dengue atribuídos ao desastre de 2011, em Nova Friburgo (RJ). Verificou-se que ocorreram 1.356 casos suspeitos de dengue, dos quais 937 foram confirmados. O custo total da doença pode ter variado, no mínimo, entre R$ 66 mil e R$ 499 mil, no cenário de menor valor de salário, sendo que cerca de 70% desse custo ocorreu entre os casos confirmados. O desastre provocou grandes mudanças no ambiente do município que, junto com os problemas de saneamento e limpeza urbana, que ocorreram em períodos posteriores ao evento, acabou por aumentar a disponibilidade de locais que pudessem servir de criadouro do mosquito, facilitando sua proliferação e aumentando a incidência da dengue, doença que na década anterior ao desastre teve baixa incidência no município. Isso ilustra o potencial que eventos como ao ocorrido em 2011, em Nova Friburgo, podem ter no incremento desses casos e, consequentemente, nos custos da doença.

The prospects outlined in climate scenarios produced for Brazil indicate a probable increase in the number of extreme hydrometeorological events in the coming years. Therefore, a study of the health scourges that may intensify due to these events is important. The scope of this article is to estimate the cost represented by the cases of dengue fever attributed to the 2011 disaster in Nova Friburgo (RJ). There were 1,356 suspected cases of dengue fever, 937 of which were confirmed. The total cost of the disease may have been between R$66,000 and R$499,000 taking the minimum salary as a benchmark, with approximately 70% of this amount being among the confirmed cases. The disaster caused extensive changes in the city's environment which, together with the urban sanitation and clearing up process that occurred in the post-event period, led to an increase in the number of potential mosquito breeding sites, facilitating their proliferation and increasing the number of cases of dengue fever. This was a disease that in the decade prior to the disaster recorded few cases of the disease in the municipality. This illustrates the potential of events like the one that occurred in 2011 in Nova Friburgo may have on the increase in the number of cases, and consequently on the cost of the disease.

Variáveis climáticas, condições de vida e saúde da população: a leptospirose no município do Rio de Janeiro de 1996 a 2009 / Climate variables, living conditions and the health of the population: leptospirosis in the city of Rio de Janeiro from 1996 to 2009

Os eventos climáticos extremos têm fortes repercussões na saúde das pessoas, especialmente quando produz doenças ou mesmo quando provoca vítimas por acidentes. A população do Rio de Janeiro é vulnerável diante das variabilidades climáticas, principalmente pelo seu aspecto socioeconômico, pois o município tem topografia e clima que favorecem esta vulnerabilidade. Este artigo discute a evolução da leptospirose no Município do Rio de Janeiro, pelas trinta e duas Regiões administrativas, no período de 1996 a 2009, testando a hipótese de que as variações climáticas acarretam um aumento no número de casos da doença.Os dados meteorológicos utilizados foram fornecidos pelo Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia e pela Empresa Brasileira de Infra-Estrutura Aero-Portuária Os dados referentes à morbimortalidade da leptospirose foram coletados da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde e Defesa Civil/RJ. Neste trabalho, concluiu-se que há correlação entre a incidência da leptospirose e a pluviometria. No entanto, ao final, é enfatizado que a oscilação do número de casos não é determinada apenas pelo índice pluviométrico, outros fatores influenciam nessa dinâmica, tais como: saneamento, assim como fatores ambientais e sociais.

Extreme climate events have major repercussions on the health of the population, especially when they cause disease or even result in victims due to accidents. The population of Rio de Janeiro is vulnerable to climate variations, mainly due to the socio-economic factors, as the city has a topography and climate that enhance this vulnerability. This article discusses the evolution of leptospirosis in the thirty-two administrative regions of the city of Rio de Janeiro from 1996 through 2009, testing the hypothesis that climate variations lead to an increase in the number of cases of the disease. The meteorological data examined were provided by the National Meteorology Institute and the Brazilian Airport Infrastructure Company. Data on the morbidity and mortality of leptospirosis was collected from Rio de Janeiro's Municipal Health and Civil Defense Department. In this work, it was concluded that there is a direct correlation between the incidence of leptospirosis and rainfall. However, in the final analysis, it must be emphasized that the oscillation of the number of cases is not only determined by rainfall, since other factors influence this dynamic, such as sanitation, in addition to environmental and social factors.

Health surveillance, biosafety and emergence and re-emergence of infectious diseases in Brazil

The present paper presents compulsory notification data for infectious diseases and epidemiologic ones recorded at the Center for Strategic Information and Health Surveillance (CIEVS) for the period of March 2006 to April 2007. Data is presented in accordance with geographic distribution, time and risk classification of the etiologic agents found, according to Ministry of Health regulations. The importance of this epidemiologic surveillance system is presented, debating the main topics required for quality improvement and information analysis. It is concluded, from the analysis of epidemiologic events and their relation to risk management, that the compulsory notification system in Brazil is incomplete, irregular, delayed and, in a large percentage of cases, notification cannot be completed and the agent may not be identified. Quality of data varies from one region to another and from county to county within the same region. There is a high proportion of cases in which the etiologic agent is unknown and, in such cases, a high lethality is expected, establishing a high risk exposure condition for those health professionals involved in health surveillance. From these data, the study points out the need to improve the surveillance system and strengthens the idea of building maximum containment laboratories.