RESUMO
Cuba is located among a group of countries with high dengue incidence. Following several epidemics in the last 10 years, the country designed, implemented, and evaluated a participatory strategy based on the Ecohealth approach. The aim was to promote inter-sector ecosystem management to decrease Aedes aegypti infestation and prevent dengue transmission in the municipality of Cotorro, in Havana city. The study adopted a participatory research methodology. The strategy ensured active participation by the community, diverse sectors, and government in the production of healthy ecosystems. Timely and integrated measures for prevention and control were developed, thereby decreasing the risk of vector proliferation and local dengue transmission. The approach allowed holistic problem analysis, priority setting, and administration of solutions. The strategy has been sustained two years after concluding the process.
Cuba está ubicada en una zona de países con alta incidencia de dengue. En los últimos 10 años ha sido afectada por varias epidemias, es por ello que se diseñó, implementó y evaluó una estrategia participativa, basada en el enfoque de ecosalud, la cual estuvo dirigida a propiciar acciones intersectoriales en la gestión del ecosistema para disminuir las poblaciones del mosquito Aedes aegypti y prevenir la transmisión de dengue en el municipio Cotorro de Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba. Para el desarrollo de este trabajo se utilizó la metodología de investigación acción participativa. Como resultado del proceso se pudo describir una estrategia que garantiza la participación activa de la comunidad, los sectores y el gobierno en la producción de ecosistemas saludables, se desarrollaron acciones de prevención y control oportunas e integrados que disminuyeron los riesgos para la proliferación del vector y la transmisión local de la enfermedad. Este enfoque permitió el análisis holístico de los problemas, su priorización y la gestión de sus soluciones; la estrategia se sostiene dos años después de concluido el proceso.
Assuntos
Animais , Humanos , Comportamento Cooperativo , Serviços de Saúde Comunitária/organização & administração , Dengue/prevenção & controle , Ecossistema , Promoção da Saúde/organização & administração , Controle de Mosquitos/organização & administração , Aedes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Relações Comunidade-Instituição , Cuba , Participação da Comunidade/métodos , Dengue/transmissão , Insetos Vetores/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
The active participation of the community is indispensable for reducing Aedes aegypti mosquito populations so causes leading to their growth, actions taken, effects on the health and the people in charge of controlling such mosquitoes are all dealt with in this paper. 210 persons were interviewed from June 25 to 27, 1997. The causes of the growth of the mosquito population were: excessive garbage (59), dirty waters (58), open water reservoirs (50) and lack of fumigation (21). 40 of interviewed people did not know that these vectors can breed even in clean waters. They mentioned some effects on the health due to the mosquito bites. 51 said that mosquitoes should be jointly controlled by the State and the community but 35 believed that the State should be the sole responsible for this task. These opinions may determine that steps are not properly taken to avoid proliferation of vector and that the activities of the anti-vector program are not really understood since they do not meet the expectations.