Relationship between physical fitness and energy balance related behaviors of primary school students in Shaanxi Province / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the relationship between physical fitness and energy balance related behaviors (EBRBs), and their influencing factors among primary school students, so as to provide a scientific basis for the improvement of physical fitness in primary school students.@*Methods@#By using a random sampling method, a total of 1 451 pupils aged 10-12 were selected from 8 regions of Shannxi Province (Fengxiang, Weibin, Danfeng, Shangzhou, Huazhou, Linwei, Gaoling, Weiyang). According to the total score of physical fitness test, pupils were divided into the excellent good physical fitness group and the pass failed group. The students EBRBs and their influencing factors were investigated cross sectionally, and the Mann-Whitney U test and stepwise linear regression analysis were used to explore the relationship between physical fitness and EBRBs.@*Results@#Breakfasts behavior( r = 0.061 ) and physical activity behavior( r =0.105) among primary school students were positively correlated with total physical scores, with the excellent good physical fitness group (757.56, 768.57)were higher than that of the pass failed group(710.93, 705.67) ( Z= -2.41, -2.69, P <0.05). The screen behavior ( r =-0.065) was negatively correlated with the total physical fitness scores, with the excellent good physical fitness group (681.96) was significantly lower than the pass failed group(747.04) ( Z=2.78, P < 0.05 ). There was no statistically significant correlation between the frequency of beverage behavior and the total score of physical fitness ( P >0.05). The excellent good physical fitness group scored(762.22, 761.19, 758.82, 756.00, 761.20, 755.57, 761.52, 759.48, 781.78) higher than the pass failed group(708.70, 709.19, 710.32, 711.67, 709.19, 711.88, 709.04, 710.01, 699.36) including health beliefs, parental norms and parental role models for breakfast behaviors, and preferences, self efficacy, and self regulation for physical activities, as well as self efficacy, parental role models, family rules for screen behavior ( Z=-2.40, -2.78, -2.35, -2.48, -2.52, -2.27, -2.35, -2.22, -3.65, P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#The physical fitness of primary school students is affected by EBRBs. Parents should model positive behaviors in the family, promote the health behavior of primary school students, improve the physical health of primary school students health.

Relationship between physical fitness and energy balance related behaviors of primary school students in Shaanxi Province / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the relationship between physical fitness and energy balance related behaviors (EBRBs), and their influencing factors among primary school students, so as to provide a scientific basis for the improvement of physical fitness in primary school students.@*Methods@#By using a random sampling method, a total of 1 451 pupils aged 10-12 were selected from 8 regions of Shannxi Province (Fengxiang, Weibin, Danfeng, Shangzhou, Huazhou, Linwei, Gaoling, Weiyang). According to the total score of physical fitness test, pupils were divided into the excellent good physical fitness group and the pass failed group. The students EBRBs and their influencing factors were investigated cross sectionally, and the Mann-Whitney U test and stepwise linear regression analysis were used to explore the relationship between physical fitness and EBRBs.@*Results@#Breakfasts behavior( r = 0.061 ) and physical activity behavior( r =0.105) among primary school students were positively correlated with total physical scores, with the excellent good physical fitness group (757.56, 768.57)were higher than that of the pass failed group(710.93, 705.67) ( Z= -2.41, -2.69, P <0.05). The screen behavior ( r =-0.065) was negatively correlated with the total physical fitness scores, with the excellent good physical fitness group (681.96) was significantly lower than the pass failed group(747.04) ( Z=2.78, P < 0.05 ). There was no statistically significant correlation between the frequency of beverage behavior and the total score of physical fitness ( P >0.05). The excellent good physical fitness group scored(762.22, 761.19, 758.82, 756.00, 761.20, 755.57, 761.52, 759.48, 781.78) higher than the pass failed group(708.70, 709.19, 710.32, 711.67, 709.19, 711.88, 709.04, 710.01, 699.36) including health beliefs, parental norms and parental role models for breakfast behaviors, and preferences, self efficacy, and self regulation for physical activities, as well as self efficacy, parental role models, family rules for screen behavior ( Z=-2.40, -2.78, -2.35, -2.48, -2.52, -2.27, -2.35, -2.22, -3.65, P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#The physical fitness of primary school students is affected by EBRBs. Parents should model positive behaviors in the family, promote the health behavior of primary school students, improve the physical health of primary school students health.

Relationship between physical fitness and energy balance related behaviors of primary school students in Shaanxi Province / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the relationship between physical fitness and energy balance related behaviors (EBRBs), and their influencing factors among primary school students, so as to provide a scientific basis for the improvement of physical fitness in primary school students.@*Methods@#By using a random sampling method, a total of 1 451 pupils aged 10-12 were selected from 8 regions of Shannxi Province (Fengxiang, Weibin, Danfeng, Shangzhou, Huazhou, Linwei, Gaoling, Weiyang). According to the total score of physical fitness test, pupils were divided into the excellent good physical fitness group and the pass failed group. The students EBRBs and their influencing factors were investigated cross sectionally, and the Mann-Whitney U test and stepwise linear regression analysis were used to explore the relationship between physical fitness and EBRBs.@*Results@#Breakfasts behavior( r = 0.061 ) and physical activity behavior( r =0.105) among primary school students were positively correlated with total physical scores, with the excellent good physical fitness group (757.56, 768.57)were higher than that of the pass failed group(710.93, 705.67) ( Z= -2.41, -2.69, P <0.05). The screen behavior ( r =-0.065) was negatively correlated with the total physical fitness scores, with the excellent good physical fitness group (681.96) was significantly lower than the pass failed group(747.04) ( Z=2.78, P < 0.05 ). There was no statistically significant correlation between the frequency of beverage behavior and the total score of physical fitness ( P >0.05). The excellent good physical fitness group scored(762.22, 761.19, 758.82, 756.00, 761.20, 755.57, 761.52, 759.48, 781.78) higher than the pass failed group(708.70, 709.19, 710.32, 711.67, 709.19, 711.88, 709.04, 710.01, 699.36) including health beliefs, parental norms and parental role models for breakfast behaviors, and preferences, self efficacy, and self regulation for physical activities, as well as self efficacy, parental role models, family rules for screen behavior ( Z=-2.40, -2.78, -2.35, -2.48, -2.52, -2.27, -2.35, -2.22, -3.65, P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#The physical fitness of primary school students is affected by EBRBs. Parents should model positive behaviors in the family, promote the health behavior of primary school students, improve the physical health of primary school students health.

Disseminated cryptococcosis caused by Cryptococcus neoformans a case report and review / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: To analyze the clinical, therapeutic and laboratory characteristics of disseminated cryptococcosis caused by Cryptococcus neoformans invading the blood stream in patient with liver cirrhosis and splenectomy. A 30-year-old male underwent splenectomy plus pericardial devascularization due to "splenomegaly and hypersplenism" in March in 2016. The patient had intermittent fever after operation for many times, and successively accompanied with back pain, left lower limb abscess and right hip pain. The highest body temperature was 39 ℃. CT and MRI revealed the lung lesion and multiple bone destruction. During that period, the effect of antibiotics was not good. On April 19th, 2017, Gram's stain, India ink stain, API 32C, Vitek 2 Compact, ribosomal ITS and IGS sequence analysis were performed to identify the strain isolated from the pus and blood stream. The serum of the patient was detected for cryptococcal antigen. Antifungal susceptibility test was used to determine drug sensitivity and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The Cryptococcus neoformans isolated from fresh pus specimen showed a prominent, thick capsule after India ink stain. The colonies isolated from pus and blood stream were identified Cryptococcus neoformans using API 32C, Vitek 2 Compact, and sequence analysis of rDNA ITS and IGS. Cryptococcal capsule antigen was positive. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of 5-Flucytosine, amphotericin B, fluconazole, itriconazole, voriconazole against the isolate were <4 μg/mL, <0.5 μg/mL, 4 μg/mL, ≤0.25 μg/mL, 0.125 μg/mL respectively. The patient was initially treated with intravenous amphotericin B and flucytosine. After anti-Cryptococcus treatment for two months, the patient clinically improved, and the lesions were reduced on a follow-up CT scan. The patient made a full functional recovery after treatment for six months. Cryptococcosis has hidden onset, atypical clinical symptoms and lack of specificity. Blood stream is the main channel for Cryptococcus to spread and involve many organs of the whole body, including skin, bone and so on. Therefore, early use of blood culture to monitor blood flow dissemination, actively removing the primary focus and cutting off the infection route in time and carrying out effective anti-Cryptococcus treatment are conducive to the patient's early recovery.

Effect of Mobile Health for Standardized Management on Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To explore the performance of mobile health platform for standardized management of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM). Methods A randomized controlled trial was conducted,in which 295 women with GDM were randomized into two groups(traditional management group and mobile health management group)by a computer-generated sequence.The traditional management group accepted standardized GDM management,and the mobile health management group was supplemented by mobile health management based on the standardized management.The glycemic control rate and the incidences of low birth weight,macrosomia,preterm birth,premature rupture of membranes,postpartum hemorrhage after cesarean section,neonatal asphyxia,malformation,and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit were compared between the two groups. Results The glycemic control rate in mobile health management group was significantly higher than that in the traditional management group [(67.22±22.76)%

New furo3,2-hisochroman from the mangrove endophytic fungus Aspergillus sp. 085242 / 中国天然药物

Four new compounds, asperisocoumarin G (1), asperisocoumarin H (2), (±)-asperisocoumarin I [(±)-3], along with the known pergillin (4) and penicisochroman L (5) were isolated from a mangrove endophytic fungus Aspergillus sp. 085242 by further chemical investigation. The structures of the new compounds, including their absolute configurations, were established by analysis of HR-ESI-MS and NMR spectroscopic data, and ECD calculation. Asperisocoumarins G-I (1-3) were new isocoumarins belonging to the class of furo[3, 2-h]isocoumarins which are rarely found in natural sources. All of the isolated compounds were evaluated for their α-glucosidase inhibitory effects, and compounds 1 and 4 showed moderate α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, respectively. In an antimicrobial test, the racemate of 3 showed antibacterial activity against Salmonella.

Effect of Chidamide on the Killing Acitivity of NK Cells Targeting K562 Cells and Its Related Mechanism In Vitro / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of chidamide on the killing activity of NK (Natural killer cell, NK) cells targeting K562 cells and its related mechanism.@*METHODS@#K562 cells were pretreated with chidamide at different concentrations and cocultured with NK cells at different effect-target ratios. The killing effect of chidamide on K562 cells by NK cells, the expression of natural killer group 2 member D (NKG2D) ligands and apoptosis rate of K562 cells were detected by flow cytometry.@*RESULTS@#The killing sensitivity of NK cells to K562 cells could be enhanced by chidamide. The expression of ULBP2 on K562 cell surface could be up-regulate, however, the expression of ULBP1 and MICA/MICB showed no statistically difference as compared with control group. Chidamide showed no obvious cytotoxicity to K562 cells.@*CONCLUSION@#Chidamide can significantly improve killing efficiency of NK cells on K562 cells, which may be related to the up-regulation of ULBP2 expression.

Expression and biological significance of GABRE in colon cancer: An analysis based on data mining of Oncomine and TCGA databases / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

@#[Abstract] Objective: To explore the expression and biological significance of GABRE gene in colon cancer by mining data in the Oncomine and TCGA databases. Methods: The expression of the GABRE gene in colon cancer tissues and its correlation with the prognosis of patients were analyzed using the Oncomine and TCGA databases. The upstream miRNA targeting GABRE gene was identified using TargetScan, starBase, mirDIP, and miRWalk, and its expression and relationship with prognosis of colon cancer were analyzed. Furthermore, the GABRE co-expression genes were screened using the LinkedOmics database, and the GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway analysis were carried out. Results: The results showed that GABRE was highly expressed in colon cancer and indicated a poor prognosis (all P<0.05). The Venn diagram indicated that hsa-miR-370-3p targeted GABRE, and its expression was markedly increased in normal tissues (P<0.01). The expression of GABRE was positively correlated with the expressions of OGT and FAM156A genes, whereas negatively correlated with the expressions of ATP5A1 and MPDU1 genes (all P<0.05). GO biological process function and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis suggested that the GABRE gene may be involved in biological processes including protein dealkylation and regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity and enriched in taurine metabolism and NF-κB signaling pathway. Conclusions: GABRE gene is highly expressed in patients with colon cancer and indicates a poor prognosis, suggesting that the gene may serve as a potential novel target for the diagnosis and treatment of colon cancer.

Investigation on Demodex infections among university students in Kunming City / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To investigate the prevalence of Demodex infection among students in Kunming Medical University, and identify the factors affecting Demodex infections, so as to provide the evidence for the development of the strategy for the prevention of Demodex infections. Methods A total of 1 463 students from Grade 2014 who studied Medical Parasitology in Kunming Medical University were included in the survey. Demodex was examined in students’facial skin using the cellophane tape method, and the species was identified using microscopy. The students’gender, ethnicity, place of origin and skin type were captured using a questionnaire survey. Results The overall prevalence of Demodex infections was 19.07% (279/1 463) on the facial skin among the university students, and a higher prevalence was seen in girls (21.16%, 183/865) than in boys (16.05%, 96/598) (χ2 =5.965,P <0.05).TheprevalenceofDemodex infectionswas18.33%(66/360)amongminorethnicstudents,andnoethnicity-specific prevalence was seen (P > 0.05). Demodex folliculorum was the predominant species, with a prevalence of 50.54% (141/279), and mild infections were predominant among all infections (96.77%, 270/279), without severe infections seen. Multivariate nonconditional logistic regression analysis revealed that gender and roommates with Demodex infections were risk factors of Demodex infections, and the infection was not associated with ethnicity, place of origin or skin type. There were only 2.53% (37/1 463) of the subjects understanding the knowledge pertaining to the prevention and control of Demodex infection. Conclusions A relatively low prevalence of Demodex infection is detected in the facial skin of students from Kunming Medical University, and Demodex infection is associated with gender and roommates with Demodex infections. Health education pertaining to the prevention of Demodex infections is suggested to be intensified among university students.

Pharmacokinetics of four phenolic acids from Danshen-Chuanxiong drug pair in plasma and heart tissue of rats by UPLC-MS/MS / 中国中药杂志

This study is to investigate the compatibility mechanism of Danshen-Chuanxiong drug pair on the pharmacokinetics of four phenolic acids. A UPLC-MS/MS method for quantitative determination of salvianolic acid B( Sal B),rosmarinic acid( RA),lithospermic acid( LA) and ferulic acid( FA) in plasma and heart tissue of rats was established. After single salvianolic acids and Chuanxiong-extract or combined intravenous infusion was given to rats,plasma samples and heart tissues in different time were collected. The chromatographic separation was performed on a BEH C18 column using 0. 15% formic acid-acetonitrile as mobile phase for gradient elution. A triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry equipped with an electrospray ionization source was used as detector operating on multiple-reaction monitoring( MRM) scanning in negative ionization mode. Full validation of UPLC method including calibration curves,accuracy,precision,repeatability and matrix effect was investigated to comply with quantitative analysis requirements for biological samples. There were significant differences in the major pharmacokinetic parameters of Sal B,FA and RA for intravenous infusion of salvianolic acids and Chuanxiong-extract or combined in rat plasma. The AUC of Sal B and FA were increased above 40% and100%,respectively. Their Vd and CL were dropped evidently. t1/2 and Vd of RA increased above 130%. The concentration of four phenolic acids were all increased obviously in heart tissue comparing with single infusion. These results demonstrated that the compatibility mechanism of Danshen-Chuanxiong drug pair showed synergistic effect.

Comparative study on hearing status of preeclampsia infants with different degrees of hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy and preeclampsia infants without hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy / 中国实用妇科与产科杂志

OBJECTIVE: To explore the influence and significance of preeclampsia with different degrees of gestational hypertension on infant hearing.METHODS: Totally 1046 newborns whose mothers had a history of pre-eclampsia with hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy were divided into groups according to the severity of pre-eclampsia and whether they were premature or not from Jan. 2015 to Dec. 2017 in the Forth Hospital of Shijiazhuang.Hearing tests were conducted and compared with newborns whose mothers had no history of pre-eclampsia with hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy.RESULTS: Of the 14 741 infants studied,57 were finally diagnosed with sensorineural hearing loss,with a total abnormality rate of 0.39%(57/14 741).Among them,34 infants with pre-eclampsia without hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy had an abnormality rate of 0.25%.There were 12 infants with mild preeclampsia in their mothers,with an abnormality rate of 1.47%.There were 11 infants whose mothers had severe preeclampsia,with an abnormality rate of 4.76%.There were significant differences between mild group and control group,severe group and control group,and severe group and mild group(P0.05),but there was significant difference between the severe group and the control group,and between the severe group and the mild group(P<0.01 and P<0.05,respectively).CONCLUSION: Premature infants with severe hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy and preeclampsia are at high risk of hearing impairment.The higher the degree of hypertension,the higher the rate of hearing impairment.The emphasis should be put on strengthening the hearing monitoring and follow-up of such children.

Correlation between chronic complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome / 中国实用内科杂志

OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between chronic complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2 DM)and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome(OSAS). METHODS: The data of 153 hospitalized T2 DM patients aged 40-65 years were collected; the demograhic data was recorded, biochemical indicators were recorded and analyzed, and the patients were screened for chronic complications of diabetes and OSAS. The patients with ketosis, acidosis and infection, and those who were addicted to alcohol,smoking or drug or with mental illness, or severe organ dysfunction were excluded.According to whether OSAS was combined, they were divided into the OSAS group and the control group were divided into groups. The differences in the incidence of chronic complications between the two groups were compared.Spearman correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between chronic complications and OSAS.RESULTS: The incidence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy(DPN)in the OSAS group was higher than in the control group(45% vs. 26.9%, P=0.017). The incidence of coronary heart disease was significantly higher in the OSAS group than in the control group(20% vs. 8.6%, P=0.038). The differences were statistically significant.Spearman correlation analysis showed that OSAS was positively correlated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy(P=0.021)and coronary heart disease(P=0.041). CONCLUSION: OSAS may be associated with peripheral neuropathy and coronary heart disease in patients with T2 DM.

Effect of Shenling Baizhu San on Expressions of NLPR3, NLPR6 Protein and Related Inflammatory Factors in Mice with Ulcerative Colitis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effect and related mechanism of Shenling Baizhu San on 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) mice. Method: Sixty male SPF C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control group, salazosulfapyridine (SASP, 0.52 g·kg-1), and low, medium and high-dose (31.2, 15.6, 7.8 g·kg-1) Shenling Baizhu San groups. Except for the control group, mice in the other groups were given distilled water containing 3% dextran sulfate sodium salt for a week to establish UC models. The drug was administered once a day for 14 days. The normal group and the model group were administered with 0.9%physiological saline at 20 mL·kg-1. The mice's body weight, fecal traits, and occult blood were observed daily, and the disease activity index (DAI) was scored. After the end of the administration, the blood was collected, mice colons were collected, weighed and measured for length, and pathological sections were prepared. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit was used to detect the serum levels of interleukin-18 (IL-18) and IL-1β in mice; htoxylin eosin (HE) and alixin blue/schiff periodic acid shiff(AB/PAS) staining were used to observe the pathological changes of colon tissues; Western blot was used to detect the colon tissue of mice nucleotide binding oligomerization domain-like receptor 3 (NLPR3), NLPR6 protein expression levels. Result: Compared with the normal group, the DAI score of the model group was increased (PPβ content increased (PPPβ concentration was decreased (PPPPConclusion: Shenling Baizhu San has the effect in treating DSS-induced UC mice, which may be related to the regulation of NLRP3, NLRP6 protein and related inflammatory factors, so as to reduce intestinal inflammation and alleviate intestinal mucosal damage.

Functional Investigation of a GRIN2A Variant Associated with Rolandic Epilepsy / 神经科学通报·英文版

N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), a subtype of glutamate-gated ion channels, play a central role in epileptogenesis. Recent studies have identified an increasing number of GRIN2A (a gene encoding the NMDAR GluN2A subunit) mutations in patients with epilepsy. Phenotypes of GRIN2A mutations include epilepsy-aphasia disorders and other epileptic encephalopathies, which pose challenges in clinical treatment. Here we identified a heterozygous GRIN2A mutation (c.1341T>A, p.N447K) from a boy with Rolandic epilepsy by whole-exome sequencing. The patient became seizure-free with a combination of valproate and lamotrigine. Functional investigation was carried out using recombinant NMDARs containing a GluN2A-N447K mutant that is located in the ligand-binding domain of the GluN2A subunit. Whole-cell current recordings in HEK 293T cells revealed that the N447K mutation increased the NMDAR current density by ~1.2-fold, enhanced the glutamate potency by 2-fold, and reduced the sensitivity to Mg inhibition. These results indicated that N447K is a gain-of-function mutation. Interestingly, alternative substitutions by alanine and glutamic acid at the same residue (N447A and N447E) did not change NMDAR function, suggesting a residual dependence of this mutation in altering NMDAR function. Taken together, this study identified human GluN2A N447K as a novel mutation associated with epilepsy and validated its functional consequences in vitro. Identification of this mutation is also helpful for advancing our understanding of the role of NMDARs in epilepsy and provides new insights for precision therapeutics in epilepsy.

Analysis for Discordance of Positive and Negative Blood Typing by Gel Card / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the method of Gel card identifying ABO blood group, determine the inconsistent cause and the distribution of disease affecting factors, and put forward a method of its solutions.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>To collect 240 positive and negative typing-discordant blood speciments from patients examined by Gel card and send these speciments to blood type reference laboratory for examining with the classic tube method and serological test, such as salivary blood-group substance, in order to performe genotyping method when serologic test can not be determined.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among 240 positive and negative typing-discordant blood speciments from patients examined by Gel card, 107 blood speciments were positive and negative consistent examined by false agglutination test (44.58%), 133 blood specinents were discordent examined by false agglutination (55.42%), out of them, 35 cases (14.58%) with inconsistent cold agglutination test, 22 cases (9.17%) with weakened AB antigenicity, 16 cases (6.67%) with ABO subtyping, 12 cases (5.00%) with positive direct antiglobulin test, 11 cases (4.58%) with reduced or without antibodies, 11 cases (4.58%) with false aggregation caused by drugs or protein, 11 cases (4.58%) with salivary blood-type substances, 8 cases (3.33%) with non-ABO alloantibody, and 7 cases (2.92%) with allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. The distribution of disease were following: blood disease (16.83%), tumor (11.88%), and cardiopulmonary diseases (11.39%); chi-square test results indicated that the distribution significantly different.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The analysis of ABO blood grouping shows a variety factors influencing positive and negative blood typing, and the Gel Card identification can produc more false positive blood types. Therefore, more attention should be paid on the high incidence diseases, such as blood disease, tumor, and cardiopulmonary disease.</p>

Pharmacokinetic research strategies of compatibilities and synergistic effects of classical Danshen herb pairs based on pharmacokinetics of "Danshen-Bingpian" and "Danshen-Honghua" / 中国中药杂志

Herb pairs are usual clinical compatibility forms and one of compound prescription sources in Chinese medicine. Pharmacokinetic research in vivo is one of the important items in elucidating the mechanism for synergistic and attenuated mechanisms of herb pairs. The paper comprehensively summarized and systemized the pharmacokinetic researches of marker-ingredients about Danshen-Honghua and Danshen-Bingpian in order to elucidate the rationality and scientificity of herb pairs and provide some feasible suggestions on the pharmacokinetics of drugs in the future. In view of complicated system of Traditional Chinese medicines and a chemical system that is not separated from its natural state, comparative pharmacokinetic researches on marker-ingredients from the herb pairs are reasonable to elucidate the synergistic and attenuated mechanisms of monarch-subjects compatible herbs and monarch-guide compatible herbs. Such pharmacokinetic research can better explain the mechanism of drug compatibility, while the pharmacokinetic researches based on the monomer chemical compositions and marker-ingredients that have been separated from complex chemical environment of traditional Chinese Medicine are still unreasonable and should be discussed deeply.

Multi-index integrated evaluation method optimizes water-extraction and ethanol precipitation of Xuanbi'antong formula (XBF) / 中国中药杂志

To determine the process parameters of optimal water-extraction and ethanol precipitation method for Xuanbi'antong (XBF) extract, which is a clinically experience formula for coronary disease. Orthogonal test L9(34) was conducted for the study of XBF water-extraction and ethanol precipitation process. Extractum, salvianolic acid B, rhizoma coptidis alkaloid, paeoniflorin, puerarin, ginsenoside Rb₁, ginsenosides and echinacoside were selected as marker components and multi-index comprehensive weighted score was used to select and verify optimal water-extraction and ethanol precipitation process. The optimal extraction process was as follows： XBF was added with 10 times distilled water, decocted for half an hour for 3 times. The best ethanol-precipitation process was established where the ethanol was added up to 70% and precipitated for 24 hours in 1.12 extract density (20 ℃). The optimized water-extraction and ethanol precipitation method is stable and reliable, and can provide reference for further development and utilization of the formula.

Analysis of aristolochic acids, aristololactams and their analogues using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry / 中国天然药物

More than 80 aristolochic acids (AAs) and aristololactams (ALs) have been found in plants of the Aristolochiaceae family, but relatively few have been fully studied. The present study aimed at developing and validating a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS(n)) for the analysis of these compounds. We characterized the fragmentation behaviors of 31 AAs, ALs, and their analogues via high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. We summarized their fragmentation rules and used these rules to identify the constituents contained in Aristolochia contorta, Ar. debilis, Ar. manshurensis, Ar. fangchi, Ar. cinnabarina, and Ar. mollissima. The AAs and ALs showed very different MS behaviors. In MS(1) of AAs, the characteristic pseudomolecular ions were [M + NH4](+), [M + H](+), and [M + H - H2O](+). However, only [M + H](+) was found in the MS(1) of ALs, which was simpler than that of AAs. Distinct MS(n)fragmentation patterns were found for AAs and ALs, showing the same skeleton among the different substituent groups. The distribution of the 31 constituents in the 6 species of Aristolochia genus was reported for the first time. 25 Analogues of AAs and ALs were detected in this genus. A hierarchical schemes and a calculating formula of the molecular formula of these nitrophenanthrene carboxylic acids and their lactams were proposed. In conclusion, this method could be applied to identification of similar unknown constituents in other plants.

Preparation of garcinia glycoside bilayer tablets and its in vitro release / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To optimize the prescription and preparation process of garcinia glycoside bilayer tablets and study the drug release mechanism in vitro. METHODS: Solid dispersions were prepared by using water soluble carrier material polyethylene glycol (PEG) and then used to prepare the rapid release layer. Hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) was used as main sustained release material to prepare the sustained release layer. The formulations of rapid release layer and sustained release layer were optimized by using univariate analyses. DDslover software was used to fitting drug release curve. RESULTS: The content of the garcinia glycoside in the bilayer tablets was 98.5% and its release rate was consistent with the rule of release in vitro. The release behavior of the sustained release layer in vitro followed Higuchi equation (r=0.998 3). The main mechanism of drug release was the synergistic action of diffusion and dissolution. CONCLUSION: Garcinia glycoside bilayer tablets prepared by this method can achieve the goal of both rapid-acting and long-acting.

Expression of Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) on the cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rabbits

PURPOSE:To demonstrate the relationship between of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) expression and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).METHODS:The basilar arteries from a "double-hemorrhage" rabbit model of SAH were used to investigate the relation between S1P expression and SAH. Various symptoms, including blood clots, basilar artery cross-sectional area, and S1P phosphatase expression were measured at day 3, 5, 7, 9.RESULTS: The expression of S1P was enhanced in the cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage in the rabbits. And S1P expression was consistent with the basilar artery cross-sectional area changes at day 3, 5, 7, 9.CONCLUSION: Sphingosine-1-phosphate expression in the cerebral arterial may be a new indicator in the development of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage and provide a new therapeutic method for SAH.