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Objective@#To study the distribution and pharmacokinetics of cefuroxime in rabbit eyes after intravenous administration.@*Methods@#Thirty-five rabbits were randomly divided into 7 groups by random number table method, with 5 rabbits in each group.The rabbits in blank control group were feed without any treatment, the rest rabbits were injected with 40.63 mg/kg cefuroxime intravenously.The rabbits were sacrificed at 0.5 hour, 1.0 hour, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 hours after injection, and the eyeballs were immediately dissected.The concentration of drug in different ocular tissues was detected by high performance liquid chromatography, and the pharmacokinetic parameters in eyes were computed by the DAS software.This study was approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Shanxi Provincial Eye Hospital (201802b).@*Results@#The peak concentrations (Cmax) of cefuroxime were (11.63±0.20), (1.59±0.05), (1.51±0.08), (0.99±0.07), (1.55±0.08) and (8.57±0.17)μg/ml in aqueous humor, iris-ciliary body, vitreous body, retinal-choroid, cornea and sclera, respectively.The times to peak (Tmax) were 1.5 hours, 1.0, 1.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 0.5 hour in aqueous humor, iris-ciliary body, vitreous body, retinal-choroid, cornea and sclera, respectively.The areas under drug time curve (AUC0-t) were (26.60±0.62), (6.22±0.84), (5.86±0.16), (3.75±0.45), (5.50±0.15) and (26.48±0.73)(μg·h)/ml in aqueous humor, iris-ciliary body, vitreous body, retinal-choroid, cornea and sclera, respectively.Cefuroxime was not detected in the lens at different time points after injection.The parameters of pharmacokinetics were fitted to two compartment model.@*Conclusions@#Cefuroxime shows good penetration in aqueous humor, iris-ciliary body, vitreous body, retinal-choroid, cornea and sclera when administrated by intravenous injection in rabbits and cefuroxime has no distribution in lens.Cefuroxime can reach an effective concentration in ocular tissues 0.5 to 1.5 hours after intravenous injection.
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Objective To summarize first aid and nursing key points of 3 patients with cranial orbital injury. Methods Three patients with cranial orbital injury were nursed from January 2014 to March 2014, including routine nursing, nursing of eye and cerebrospinal fluid leak and prevention of infection. Results The hospital stay of the 3 patients was from 8 to 23 d, during which 1 contracted cerebrospinal fluid leakage and another rupture of left eye ball. All patients were well recovered after discharge and could be self cared in life for their own, with one patient blind on the left eye and the other 2 with facial disfigurement. Conclusions The patients with cranial orbital injury is critical. Therefore, well done first aid and nursing are key for a better prognosis.
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Objective To understand the current status of nosocomial infection after renal trans plantation. Methods106 patients after renal transplantation were randomly divided into the laminar flow ward group (54 cases)and the ICU group (52 cases).The nosocomial infection situation of the twogroups was compared.ResultsThe rate of nosocomial infection in the laminar flow ward group was lower than that in the ICU group.The number of bacterial colony in laminar flow wards was less than that in ICU.Conclusions The rate of nosocomial infection in the laminar flow ward was lower than that in the ICU after renal tranaplantation.Patients after renal transplantation should he admitted in laminar flow ward in order to reduce the rate of nosocomial infection.
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OBJECTIVE: To study the humoral factor of acupuncture in improving functional activities of the organism. METHODS: Neurons of the cerebral cortex from the new born rats were taken to be cultured in a strictly controlled medium. Seven to ten days later, fluorescein-molecular probe Fluo-3AM was used for staining intracellular Ca(2+). Ca(2+) concentration and its changes after application of acupuncture serum were measured by using a laser confocal microscope. Normal serum and acupuncture serum were derived from the normal control rats and the rats undergoing electro-acupuncture of "Baihui (GV 20)", "Zusanli (ST 36)", "Quchi (LI 11)" and "Sanyinjiao (SP 6)" for 2 weeks. RESULTS: After application of normal serum, the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration increased strikingly immediately at the beginning, and gradually got stable afterwards. When acupuncture serum was added to the culture fluid, Ca(2+) concentration lowered significantly. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that bioactive substances in serum collected from rats undergoing acupuncture can affect the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration of the cerebral neurons, and the humoral factor may participate in the effect of acupuncture in regulating functional activities of the organism.