The effects of the recommended prescription for COVID-2019-lung-spleen qi deficiency on in vitro SARS-CoV-2 replication and pro-inflammatory factors expression / 中国药理学通报

Aim To determine the antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects of the recommended prescription for COVID-2019-lung-spleen qi deficiency(4-1)against in vitro infection of SARS-CoV-2 and common coronaviruses.Methods The main chemical substances of 4-1 were analyzed by LC-MS.The toxicity and antiviral effects of of 4-1 were detected by MTT and by CPE assay, respectively.The viral loads in cell supernatant and the expression of inflammatory factors induced by viral infection were determined by qRT-PCR.Results The recommended prescription 4-1 contained 94 chemical compounds, including flavonoids, steroids, sesquiterpenoids, and so on.The range of selection indexes for SARS-CoV-2 and common coronaviruses was 8.44±0.4952.26±2.3.This prescription could inhibit the proliferation of SARS-CoV-2, the expression of ACE2 and S mRNA, and down regulate IL-1α and CCL-5/RANTES at 10, 5, and 2.5 g•L-1 doses.Further, at doses of 20, 10 and 5 g•L-1, it could inhibit the proliferation of three common coronaviruses and suppress the overexpression of IL-6, CXCL-8/IL-8, CXCL-10/IP-10, TNF-α, IFN-α, CCL-2/MCP-1, MIG and CCL-5/RANTES induced by OC43/229E infection.The inhibitory effects were dose-dependent.Conclusions The prescription 4-1 has antiviral and anti-inflammation effects against multiple coronaviruses.This study provides the research basis for the treatment of common respiratory viral infections and emerging infectious diseases such as COVID-19 by using traditional Chinese medicine.

Transcription Factor OsbZIP5 Negatively Regulates Drought-tolerance in Rice / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

Drought is a major abiotic stress factor which affects the growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa) and other crops seriously. Cloning and identifying drought-tolerant genes and exploring the drought-tolerant mechanism are of great significance for improving grain yield. In this paper, a bZIP family transcription factor encoding gene, OsbZIP5, was cloned from rice and we conducted a preliminary study on its drought tolerance function. We constructed different expression plasmids, including p35SOsbZIP5-GFP4, pGBKT7-OsbZIP5, pCAMBIA1300-OsbZIP5-OE and pTCK303-OsbZIP5-RNAi, which were transformed into tobacco, yeast, Arabidopsis or rice, respectively. Confocal observation of OsbZIP5-GFP4 transgenic tobacco showed that OsbZIP5 was located in the nucleus. The reporter gene expression analysis of pGBKT7-OsbZIP5 transformed yeast showed that the protein can activate the expression of reporter genes and OsbZIP5 has transcription activational activity. The drought tolerance of OsbZIP5 overexpression transgenic Arabidopsis during the seedling and reproductive growth stages was analyzed, and the results showed that OsbZIP5 overexpression reduced the root length of seedlings under polyethyleneglycol (PEG) or abscisic acid (ABA) treatment and the drought tolerance of adult plants in transgenic Arabidopsis. The drought tolerance and stress tolerance related physiological parameters were tested using 20% PEG to simulate drought stress. It was found that the survival rates of different OsbZIP5 RNAi transgenic rice lines were 65%, 58. 30%, and 73. 30%, respectively, while that of the wild type was 21. 67%. Under normal growth conditions, the content of proline, chlorophyll and malondialdehyde in RNAi transgenic rice are basically the same as those of wild type. However, after PEG treatment, the average values of the parameters above of RNAi transgenic rice were 159. 54 μg/ g FW, 0. 24 mg/ g FW and 7. 44 nmol/ g FW, respectively, while the average value of the wild type were 102. 56 μg/ g FW, 0. 13 mg/ g FW and 13. 61 nmol/ g FW, respectively. Statistical analysis of stomata and water loss rate under drought treatment of rice leaves revealed that the proportions of fully closed stomata of all OsbZIP5 RNAi lines were above 66% while that of the wild type is about 50%. And the water loss rate of rice leaves in RNAi rice seedlings were lower than that of wild type. We showed that down-regulation of OsbZIP5 ameliorated the physiological parameters, reduced stomata opening and water loss rate, and improved the drought tolerance of RNAi transgenic rice. The results above suggested that OsbZIP5 was a negative regulator of drought stress tolerance in rice.

Aspiration Screening Tools after Stroke: A Systematic Review / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To systematically review the relevant researches on aspiration screening tools for stroke patients. Methods:Literatures aboute stroke aspiration screening tools till December, 2018 were recalled from PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EMbase, CNKI, Wanfang Database and China Biomedical Literature Database. Two researchers independently screened the literatures and extracted the basic information, such as the content, screening format, scoring standard and measurement characteristics. Results:A total of 25 studies were included, involving ten aspiration screening tools. The content, screening format, scoring standard and measurement characteristics of the aspiration screening tools were analysed. There was no evidence to support the tools. Conclusion:Tools would be selected according to the patient's condition, age and swallowing related characteristics.

Advance in Risk Assessment Tools for Pressure Injury of Patients with Spinal Cord Injury / 中国康复理论与实践

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a common traumatic disease. Patients with limited mobility are prone to pressure injuries, which seriously affect the patient's rehabilitation process. The use of risk assessment scale can effectively predict the occurrence of pressure injuries. This article reviewed the pathogenesis, risk factors, and use of different risk assessment tools for patients with spinal cord injury, compared the content, assessment methods, applicable population, reliability and validity of each risk assessment scale, summarized the advantages and disadvantages of different assessment scales, and provided reference to choose the best risk assessment tool.

Study on expression and clinical significance of NF-κBp65 protein and p62 protein in gastric carcinoma / 中国现代普通外科进展

Objeetive:To study the expression and clinical significance of NF-κ Bp65 protein and selective autophagy adaptor protein SQSTM1/p62 1(p62) in gastric carcinoma and its clinical significance.Methods:NF-κ Bp65 protein and p62 protein were determined in 72 cases of gastric carcinoma by immunohistochemistry PV-9000,and the relationship between them in the occurrence and development of gastric cancer was analyzed.Results:The positive expression of in gastric cancer tissues of NF-κ Bp65 (65.3％) was significantly higher than that of paracancerous gastric tissues (27.8％,P＜0.05);the positive expression rate of p62 (66.7％)was significantly higher than that in paracancerous gastric tissues (30.6％,P＜0.05);The expression of NF-κ Bp65,p62 was significantly correlated with the cancerous tissue differentiation degree,infiltrative depth,and lymph node metastasis (P＜0.05);NF-κ Bp65,p65 expression in the gastric cancer was positively correlated (P＜0.05).Conclusions:p62 and NF-κ Bp65 may be involved in apoptosis and cell proliferation of gastric carcinoma,and play anessential role in carcinogenesis.Detection of the two indexes would be used to assess and predict the prognosis of gastric cancer patients.

Identification of ancient Chinese medicinal specimens preserved at Natural History Museum in London / 中国中药杂志

On-site field investigation was conducted to authenticate a batch of ancient Chinese medicinal decoction pieces that have been preserved in a rare collection at the Natural History Museum in London. These treasured artifacts comprise a portion of the Sloane Collection, and the nearly one hundred Chinese medicinal specimens examined within provide an objective record of the real situation regarding the Chinese medicinal materials in commercial circulation three hundred years ago. The precious data from this collection pro-vides an extremely valuable reference for the research into the history of medicinal exchange between China and the West during the Age of Exploration, shedding light on the evolution and historical changes in the species used in Chinese medicine, as well as the history of medicinal processing and decoction pieces.

Bisphenol A alters glucose metabolism in rat Sertoli cells in vitro / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the influence of different concentrations of bisphenol A (BPA) on glucose metabolism and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) expression in rat Sertoli cells in vitro and investigate the mechanisms of BPA inducing male infertility.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using two-step enzyme digestion, we isolated Sertoli cells from male Wistar rats and constructed a primary Sertoli cell system, followed by immunohistochemical FasL staining. We randomly divided the Sertoli cells into a control group to be cultured in the serum-free minimal essential medium (MEM) plus dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and three experimental groups to be treated with 100 nmol/L, 10 μmol/L, and 1 mmol/L BPA, respectively, in the MEM plus DMSO. After 48 hours of treatment, we measured the proliferation of the cells by CCK-8 assay, determined the concentrations of metabolites by NMR spectroscopy, and detected the expression of LDH in the Sertoli cells by RT-PCR and Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The purity of the isolated Sertoli cells was (96.05 ± 1.28)% (n = 10). Compared with the control group, the 100 nmol/L, 10 μmol/L, and 1 mmol/L BPA groups showed no remarkable changes in the proliferation of Sertoli cells ([98 ± 8]%, [96 ± 3]%, and [95 ± 3]%, P >0.05), but the 10 μmol/L and 1 mmol/L of BPA groups exhibited significantly decreased concentrations of intracellular glucose ([3.89 ± 0.07] vs [3.36 ± 0.24] and [3.04 ± 0.21] pmol/cell, P <0.05) and lactate ([0.43 ± 0.06] vs [0.29 ± 0.05] and [0.20 ± 0.03] pmol/cell, P <0.05). The expression of LDH mRNA was decreased with the increased concentration of BPA, while that of LDH protein reduced only in the 1 mmol/L BPA group (P <0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>High-concentration BPA decreases the expression of LDH and alters glucose metabolism in Sertoli cells, and therefore may reduce the provision of lactate for germ cells and impair spermatogenesis.</p>

Expression of GDNF in rat Sertoli cells cultured in vitro at different temperatures / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the mechanism of hyperthermia inducing infertility by observing the expression of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in rat Sertoli cells cultured in vitro at different temperatures.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using combination enzyme digestion and selective adhesion, we isolated Sertoli cells from male Wistar rats and cultured them in vitro at different temperatures, followed by observation of the changes in their adhesion and morphology and identification by FasL immunohistochemical staining. We divided the Sertoli cells into a control group (35 degrees C) and four experimental groups (36 degrees C, 37 degrees C, 38 degrees C, and 39 degrees C), measured their proliferation by CCK-8, observed their morphology and structure by HE staining, and determined the expression of GDNF by RT-PCR, immunofluorescence and Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Sertoli cells were successfully isolated and in vitro-cultured, with a purity of (95.30 +/- 2.15)% (n = 10). The CCK-8 assay showed that the proliferation of the Sertoli cells was the highest at 36 degrees C, gradually decreasing with the temperature above 36 degrees C, and significantly inhibited at 39 degrees C (P < 0.01). Immunofluorescence revealed the expression of GDNF in the cytoplasm, with the highest fluorescence intensity at 36 degrees C. RT-PCR and Western blot exhibited a decreasing trend of the GDNF expression with the increasing temperature above 36 degrees C. There were statistically significant differences in the expression of GDNF between the control group and the four experimental groups (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The proliferation and GDNF expression of in vitro-cultured Sertoli cells differ significantly at different temperatures. At > 36 degrees C, the higher the temperature is, the lower the Sertoli cell proliferation and GDNF expression are. Our findings suggest that high temperature above 36 degrees C suppresses the function of Sertoli cells and may also damage spermatogenesis.</p>

Screening and identification of therapeutic effect evaluation antigens of angiostrongyliasis / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To identify antigens which may help evaluate the therapeutic effect of angiostrongyliasis from adult worm antigen of Angiostrongylus cantonensis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The adult worm antigens of A. cantonensis were analyzed by Western blotting with the sera of rats infected with A. cantonensis before and after treatment. The sera of rats were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The antigens with relative molecular mass between 38,000 and 78,000 reacted not only with the sera of rats before treatment, but also with that after treatment. The antigens with M(r) between 190,000 and 17,000 reacted with the sera of rats before treatment but not with that after treatment; those with M(r) between 32,000 and 24,000 antigens strongly reacted with the former, but the reaction became much weakened with the latter. The AC32-IgG antibody appeared earlier than the AC-IgG, and disappeared rapidly after treatment. Six of the 10 treated rats became negative for AC-IgG as found by ELISA.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The antigens of adult worm antigen of A. cantonensis with M(r) of 190,000, 32,000, 24,000, 17,000 and 16,000 may serve as candidate antigens for therapeutic effect evaluation of angiostrongyliasis.</p>

Introduce Tagsk1 into salt-sensitive callus to improve the capacity of salt-tolerance by micropartical bombardment / 生物工程学报

The Tagsk1 (Triticum asetium L. glycogen synthase kinase 1) gene derived from the genome of wheat salt-tolerance mutant RH8706-49 was cloned by PCR. The special primers designed according to full length cDNA sequence of Tagsk1 (AF525086). A binary expression vector pBI121-gsk1 containing Gus and Tagsk1 was constructed. And pBI121-gsk1 was introduced into the callus induced from mature embryos of salt-sensitive wheat H8706-34 and cv. China Spring by particle bombardment. The transformed callus were screened by Kanamycin and 0.5% NaCl. The salt-tolerance callus were obtained, which showed higher ability of salt-tolerance and could diffirentiate roots and buds on the medium containing 0.5% NaCl.

Therapy effects of fenofibrate on alcoholic fatty liver and drug-induced fatty liver in rats / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the fat decreasing effects of fenofibrate on alcoholic fatty liver and drug-induced fatty liver in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Alcoholic fatty liver and drug-induced fatty liver rats models were established. The two kinds of rats with fatty liver were seperatedly divided into fenofibrate treatment group (80 mg/kg daily) and control group without treatment. Rats were killed after four weeks, then the levels of serum triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and malondialdehyde (MDA), hepatic lipase (HL), lipoprotein lipase (LPL) both in serum and liver tissue were measured according to the Test Kits. Histopathological changes in liver was dyed with HE and observed under light microscope.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After treatment by fenofibrate, in the serum of rats with alcoholic fatty liver, the level of TG decreased significantly (1.07 mmol/L 0.06 mmol/L vs 1.56 mmol/L 0.29 mmol/L, t=5.115, p<0.001), while the level of TC had no alteration. The levels of MDA both in serum and liver tissue decreased (1.10 nmol/L 0.22 nmol/L vs 1.26 nmol/L 0.21 nmol/L, t=0.592, p<0.05; 5.92 nmol/g 1.24 nmol/g vs 7.42 nmol/g 1.22 nmol/g, t=3.477, p<0.05, respectively), while the levels of HL, LPL in serum and liver tissue increased significantly (Serum: 0.053muEq/ml/h 0.006muEq/ml/h vs 0.037 muEq/ml/h 0.006muEq/ml/h, t=-5.086, p<0.001; 0.018 muEq/ml/h 0.004 muEq/ml/h vs 0.014muEq/ml/h 0.004muEq/ml/h, t=-2.485, p<0.05. Liver tissue: 0.075muEq/ml/h 0.010muEq/ml/h vs 0.065muEq/ml/h 0.007muEq/ml/h, t=-2.437, p<0.05; 0.022 muEq/ml/h 0.014 muEq/ml/h vs 0.008 muEq/ml/h 0.002 muEq/ml/h, t=-2.876, p<0.05). Fat content in liver decreased (26.01 mg/g 1.69 mg/g vs 71.45 mg/g 2.66 mg/g, t=-43.224, p<0.001). The pathological changes of liver in fenofibrate-treated rats with alcoholic fatty liver were improved. For the drug-induced fatty liver rats, fenofibrate treatment group had no difference from the untreated control group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Fenofibrate can significantly decrease the fat content in liver tissue of rats with alcoholic fatty liver, as well as ameliorating liver pathological changes. But fenofibrate has no effect on drug-induced fatty liver.</p>