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1.
Rev. colomb. gastroenterol ; 34(4): 376-384, oct.-dic. 2019. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1092965

RESUMO

Resumen La pancreatitis crónica (PC) es una condición inflamatoria que lleva a fibrosis, con destrucción y compromiso del parénquima pancreático y de los ductos. Estos cambios permanentes pueden llevar a alteración de la función pancreática tanto exocrina como endocrina, estenosis biliares y pancreáticas, que llevan a su vez a otras consecuencias, como la formación de pseudoquistes, incluso incrementa la posibilidad de desarrollar cáncer de páncreas. La principal característica clínica de estos pacientes es el dolor, el cual altera de forma importante su calidad de vida. Para diagnosticar la PC contamos con pruebas funcionales, las cuales se pueden dividir en directas o indirectas, y pruebas de estructura pancreática. El gran reto de estos métodos consiste en diagnosticar la enfermedad en estadios iniciales, donde la aproximación diagnóstica es más difícil por la sutileza de los cambios. Una vez diagnosticada la PC, el manejo también debe ser escalonado; este se puede dividir a su vez en manejo médico, como paso inicial, manejo endoscópico y manejo quirúrgico o, en los casos más difíciles, la combinación de estos. El objetivo es manejar y entender al paciente y su enfermedad como un todo, con el fin de proporcionarle la mejor calidad de vida posible al paciente. A continuación, se presenta una revisión enfocada en el diagnóstico y manejo de esta entidad a la luz de la evidencia actual disponible.


Abstract Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is an inflammatory condition that leads to fibrosis, damage, and even destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma and ducts. These permanent changes can alter pancreatic exocrine and endocrine functioning, cause biliary and pancreatic stenosis, lead to formation of pseudocysts and even increase the possibility of developing pancreatic cancer. The main clinical characteristic is pain which significantly alters quality of life. To diagnose the CP, we have direct and indirect functional tests and the pancreatic structure test. The great challenge of these methods is early diagnosis, but this is difficult due to the subtlety of changes. Once CP is diagnosed, management must be staggered. Medical management is the initial step which can be followed by endoscopic management, surgical management, and for the most difficult cases a combination of these. The goal is to manage and understand the whole patient and illness to provide the best possible quality of life. This review article focuses on CP diagnosis and management in light of the currently available evidence.


Assuntos
Humanos , Diagnóstico , Pancreatite Crônica , Estado , Métodos
2.
Rev. colomb. gastroenterol ; 33(2): 176-179, abr.-jun. 2018. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-960057

RESUMO

Resumen Introducción: la hepatitis autoinmune idiopática (HAI) es una enfermedad crónica que predomina en mujeres, con episodios de actividad y remisión, favoreciendo la fibrosis hepática. El 40% de los pacientes presenta historia familiar de enfermedades autoinmunes. Al parecer, es mediada por la interacción antígeno-anticuerpo; sin embargo, su causa es desconocida. Se conoce la asociación frecuente de HAI con cáncer hepatobiliar; menos frecuente con linfomas, cáncer de piel y cáncer de colon; y casi inexistente con síndromes hereditarios de cáncer de colon. Este caso debutó con HAI y sangrado rectal causado por poliposis adenomatosa familiar (PAF) y adenocarcinoma de colon sigmoide. Caso clínico: mujer de 51 años con HAI de 1 año de evolución manejada con prednisolona y azatioprina. Se realizó una colonoscopia total por anemia en la que se encontraron múltiples pólipos entre 5 y 10 mm y 1 de 30 mm sésil, ulcerado, en colon sigmoide. Se realizó una polipectomía endoscópica múltiple que reportó un adenoma tubulovelloso con displasia de alto y bajo grado en varios pólipos y un adenocarcinoma de bajo grado en el pólipo del sigmoide. Los estudios de extensión fueron negativos para metástasis. Se realizó una repleción nutricional prequirúrgica, luego una colectomía subtotal y una procto-ileoanastomosis con ileostomía de protección. La patología de pieza quirúrgica mostró un adenocarcinoma de colon de bajo grado y adenomas tubulares y tubulovellosos con displasias de alto y bajo grado. Discusión y conclusiones: La asociación de HAI con PAF y cáncer colorrectal (CC) es infrecuente. Es conocida la correlación de HAI con cáncer hepatobiliar (asociado con cirrosis), linfomas, cáncer de piel y otros desórdenes autoinmunes. El pronóstico es malo y no puede establecerse una correlación clara con moduladores inmunes.


Abstract Introduction: Idiopathic autoimmune hepatitis (IAH) is a chronic disease that occurs predominately in women, has episodic activity and remission, and favors hepatic fibrosis. Forty percent of patients have family histories of autoimmune diseases. It is apparently mediated by antigen-antibody interaction, but its causes are unknown. IAH is frequently associated with hepatobiliary cancer, less frequently with lymphomas, skin cancer and colon cancer and very rarely with hereditary colon cancer syndrome. This case debuted IAH and rectal bleeding caused by familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid colon. Clinical case: The patient was a 51-year-old woman who had had IAH for one year which had been managed with prednisolone and azathioprine. A total colonoscopy, performed because of anemia, found multiple polyps that measured 5 and 10 mm and one ulcerated 30 mm sessile polyp in the sigmoid colon. A multiple endoscopic polypectomy revealed a tubulovillous adenoma with high and low grade dysplasia in several polyps and a low grade adenocarcinoma in the sigmoid polyp. Tests and examinations for metastasis were negative. Following presurgical nutritional repletion, a subtotal colectomy was performed and an ileal pouch-anal anastomosis with protective ileostomy was created. The pathology of the surgical specimen showed low grade adenocarcinoma of the colon and tubular and tubulovillous adenomas with high and low grade dysplasia. Discussion and conclusions: Association of IAH with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and colorectal cancer (CC) occurs infrequently although associations of IAH with hepatobiliary cancer associated with cirrhosis, lymphomas, skin cancer and other autoimmune disorders are well-known. The prognosis is bad and no clear correlation with immune modulators can be established.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Associação , Neoplasias Colorretais , Neoplasias do Colo , Hepatite Autoimune , Pacientes , Literatura
3.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 144(2): 202-210, feb. 2016. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-779488

RESUMO

Background: Chest computed tomography (CT) scan may improve lung cancer detection at early stages in high risk populations. Aim: To assess the diagnostic performance of chest CT in early lung cancer detection in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Patients and Methods: One hundred sixty one patients aged 50 to 80 years, active or former smokers of 15 or more pack-years and with COPD were enrolled. They underwent annual respiratory functional assessment and chest computed tomography for three years and were followed for five years. Results: Chest CT allowed the detection of lung cancer in nine patients (diagnostic yield: 5.6%). Three cases were detected in the initial CT and six cases in follow-up scans. Most patients were in early stages of the disease (6 stage Ia and 1 stage Ib). Two patients were diagnosed at advanced stages of the disease and died due to complications of cancer. Two thirds of patients had nonspecific pulmonary nodules on the initial chest CT scan (100 patients, 62%). Seventy four percent had less than three nodules and were of less than 5 mm of diameter in 57%. In 92% of cases, these were false positive findings. In the follow-up chest CT, lung nodules were detected in two thirds of patients and 94% of cases corresponded to false positive findings. Conclusions: Chest CT scans may detect lung cancer at earlier stages in COPD patients.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/complicações , Detecção Precoce de Câncer/métodos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagem , Fumar/efeitos adversos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Estudos Prospectivos , Seguimentos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/complicações , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Estadiamento de Neoplasias
4.
Rev. Méd. Clín. Condes ; 26(5): 634-648, sept. 2015. ilu
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1128565

RESUMO

El ultrasonido endoscópico (EUS) ha revolucionado el diagnóstico y el manejo de muchas patologías de la vía digestiva, particularmente la patología pancreática, convirtiéndose en un examen prácticamente imprescindible en el abordaje diagnóstico y terapéutico de un paciente con un problema de páncreas. Es necesario dejar en claro que el método no es único y que para lograr una sensibilidad alta y cumplir el objetivo de realizar lo más adecuado, debe sumarse a otros métodos de acuerdo a cada caso, como la ecografía, la tomografía axial computarizada (TAC), la resonancia magnética (MRI) en sus diferentes modalidades, y las pruebas del laboratorio clínico microbiológico y patología. En este artículo se revisarán algunos casos de enfermedades evaluadas con este método, que muestran por qué el EUS, es una herramienta clave para el médico de urgencias y de consulta externa, el internista, el cirujano, el médico del servicio hospitalario y el personal de salud en general, al momento de definir, clasificar y orientar el manejo de determinadas patologías en el tubo digestivo. El EUS es una importante ayuda y no debe ser extraña al personal médico, debe tenerla presente junto a las demás pruebas diagnósticas en patología pancreática. Se señalarán los aspectos más relevantes en cada caso y las indicaciones del EUS.


Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) has revolutionized the diagnosis and management of many diseases of the digestive tract, particularly the pancreatic ones, becoming a practically essential test in the diagnosis and therapeutic management of a patient with a pancreatic problem. It's necessary to establish the final diagnosis are necesary many tests to achive high sensitivity. It should join with other methods according to each case, such as ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in its various forms, and chemical, microbiological and pathology tests. In this article we reviewed some cases of pathologies evaluated by this diagnosis test, which demonstrate why the EUS, is a key for the emergency and outpatient physician, internist, surgeon, doctor of the hospital service and staff health in general, when defining, classifying and guide the management of certain diseases in the digestive tract. The EUS is an important tool and should not be foreign to the medical staff, who must consider it, with other diagnostic tests for pancreatic disease. This article point out the most important aspects in each case and indications of EUS.


Assuntos
Humanos , Pancreatopatias/diagnóstico por imagem , Endossonografia/métodos , Cisto Pancreático/diagnóstico por imagem , Secretina , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Tomografia Computadorizada de Emissão , Colangiopancreatografia por Ressonância Magnética , Pancreatite Crônica/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Intraductais Pancreáticas/diagnóstico por imagem
5.
Rev. chil. psicoanal ; 32(1): 21-31, jun. 2015.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-776815

RESUMO

Se revisa brevemente la historia el concepto de Identificación Proyectiva, intentando ponerlo en relación con los actuales descubrimientos neurocientíficos acerca de las neuronas espejo y su rol en las raíces de la empatía humana. De esa exploración surgen ideas de cierta utilidad clínica para el trabajo con pacientes con núcleos psicóticos. Se plantean algunas reflexiones para la comprensión de la manera en la que se ven interferidos los procesos de simbolización en este tipo de pacientes, a partir del material clínico de un paciente afectado de Síndrome de Asperger.Palabras claves: Asperger, simbolización, espacio potencial, espacio transicional, identificación proyectiva, neuronas espejo, empatía, intersubjetividad, simulación encarnada.


The history of the projective identification concept is reviewed briefly, trying to put it in relation with current neuro-scientific findings about mirror neurons and his role in the human empathy roots. From this exploration appear ideas of clinical utility for working with patients with psychotic core. Some reflections are presented for the understanding of the way in that the symbolic processes are interfered with this kind of patients, from a clinical material of a patient affected by Asperger syndrome.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Identificação Psicológica , Psicanálise , Neurociências , Neurônios-Espelho , Síndrome de Asperger , Transtornos Psicóticos
6.
Rev. MVZ Córdoba ; 19(3): 4338-4349, Sept.-Dec. 2014. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: lil-730968

RESUMO

Objective. Assess transient gene expression of GUS in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) leaves using Agrobacterium tumefaciens infiltration. Materials and methods. A. tumefaciens strains GV3101 and AGL1 containing pCAMBIA1305.2 were used to evaluate transient gene expression of β-glucuronidase (GUS). A. tumefaciens infiltration (agroinfiltration) was made using both leaves from in vitro and 1 month old greenhouse plants. Leaves were incubated in X-GLUC buffer, stained and photographed to detect GUS activity. Results. Agroinfiltration assays showed GUS transient expression in leaves of cassava varieties widely cultivated in the north coast and eastern savannah, MCOL2215 (Venezuelan) and CM6438-14 (Vergara), respectively. A. tumefaciens agressive strain AGL1 showed high efficiency inducing GUS expression in cassava leaves. Conclusions. We recommend using A. tumefaciens agressive strain AGL1 for agroinfiltration to assess transient expression in cassava leaves.


Objetivo. Evaluar la expresión transitoria del gen GUS en hojas de yuca (Manihot esculenta Crantz) por medio de infiltración con Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Materiales y métodos. Se utilizaron las cepas GV3101 y AGL1 de A. tumefaciens conteniendo el plásmido pCAMBIA1305.2, para evaluar la expresión transitoria del gen GUS. La infiltración de A. tumefaciens (agroinfiltración) se realizó tanto en hojas de plantas "in Vitro" como de plantas adultas de 1 mes. Las hojas se incubaron en tampón X-GLUC, se destiñeron y se fotografiaron para detectar la actividad de la enzima β-glucuronidasa (GUS). Resultados. Los ensayos de agroinfiltración en hoja muestraron la expresión transitoria del gen GUS en variedades cultivadas en la costa norte y en los llanos orientales, MCOL2215 (Venezolana) y CM6438-14 (Vergara) respectivamente, tanto en plantas "in Vitro" como en plantas adultas. La cepa hipervirulenta de A. tumefaciens AGL1 mostró una mayor eficiencia para la expresión transitoria en hojas de yuca. Conclusiones. Se recomienda utilizar la cepa AGL1 para evaluar la expresión transitoria de genes de interés por agroinfiltración en hojas de yuca.


Assuntos
Agrobacterium tumefaciens , Glucuronidase , Manihot
7.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 141(3): 327-331, mar. 2013. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-677340

RESUMO

Background: Parkinson disease (PD) is the second more common neurodegene-rative disorder and determines a loss in quality oflife, caregiver burden and increased mortality in those affected. Aim: To determine the rates of mortality due to Parkinson disease in Chile. Material andMethods: Data were collected from death certificates between 1997 and 2008. Mortality rates were calculated and the mortality trend was established along the study period, and analyzed by age, sex and geographic región of Chile. Results: There was a steady increase in mortality over the years, particularly since2001 (r²= 0.85, p < 0.01). The increase in mortality rates was 0.25per 100.000 habitants/year (r²: 0.89, p < 0.01). Mortality was always higher in men and in those older than 80years. The highest rate (per 100,000 habitants) in Chile was observed in the región of Valparaíso (2.4) while the lowest was in Antofagasta (0.8) (t = 3.72, p < 0.05). Conclusions: Mortality associated with PD has increased progressively, consistent with the expected increase in prevalence ofthe disease in the population.


Assuntos
Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doença de Parkinson/mortalidade , Chile/epidemiologia , Atestado de Óbito , Prevalência , Distribuição por Sexo
8.
Rev. chil. cir ; 64(3): 289-291, jun. 2012.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-627113

RESUMO

We report a 73 years old woman presenting with a right ovarian tumor. Preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen and CA-125 levels were above normal levels. The patient was operated, performing a bilateral oopho-rectomy an appendectomy. The pathological study of the surgical piece reported a mucinous ovarian cystic adenocarcinoma that infiltrated the wall but did not reach the capsule. A mucinous cystadenoma was found in the contralateral ovary. A mucinous adenocarcinoma was detected in the appendix, involving the wall but sparing the serosa. The patient was subjected to chemotherapy and six months after the first operation a tumor relapse was detected. A new excision was carried out and the patient continues with adjuvant chemotherapy. The ovarian an appendiceal tumors could be synchronic or a primary and secondary localization.


Introducción: El cistoadenocarcinoma de apéndice es una neoplasia poco frecuente. La asociación de tumores apendiculares y ováricos es conocida cuando existe pseudomixoma peritoneal. Sin embargo, la relación de la patogénesis entre los tumores es todavía desconocida. Caso clínico: Mujer de 73 años con clínica de plenitud postprandial y dispepsia de un año de evolución. La RMN abdómino-pélvica demuestra una gran tumoración de 15x13x9 cm, politabicada, con origen en ovario derecho. Presenta un CEA preoperatorio de 50 y un CA-125 de 30. Se realizó laparotomía infraumbilical con anexectomía bilateral y apendicectomía. El resultado anátomo-patológico informa de cistoadenocarcinoma mucinoso de ovario bien diferenciado que infiltra casi toda la pared, abierta, sin alcanzar la cápsula ovárica; el ovario contralateral presenta un cistoade-noma mucinoso; el apéndice cecal presenta adenocarcinoma mucinoso bien diferenciado, con infiltración de casi toda la pared, respetando la serosa. Discusión: Presentamos el caso de una tumoración pélvica con diagnóstico anátomo-patológico de cistoadenocarcinoma mucinoso de ovario. Asimismo se demuestra afectación de apéndice cecal por adenocarcinoma mucinoso. Nos planteamos, por tanto, la posibilidad de que se trate de una infiltración metastásica o dos tumores sincrónicos. Revisamos el concepto de cistoadenocarcinoma apendicular y ovárico, y analizamos los posibles mecanismos de asociación entre ellos. Conclusión: Destacamos la necesidad de una exhaustiva revisión de la cavidad abdominal ante este tipo de patología, dada su asociación con otros procesos neoplásicos intraabdominales.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Idoso , Adenocarcinoma Mucinoso/cirurgia , Adenocarcinoma Mucinoso/patologia , Neoplasias Ovarianas/cirurgia , Neoplasias Ovarianas/patologia , Neoplasias do Apêndice/cirurgia , Neoplasias do Apêndice/patologia , Apendicectomia , Metástase Neoplásica , Neoplasias Primárias Múltiplas , Pseudomixoma Peritoneal
9.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 29(1): 19-25, feb. 2012. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-627210

RESUMO

Outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis are a public health problem. Norovirus is known as the most common cause (50%). In Chile, immediate notification allows surveillance of these events. We describe an acute gastroenteritis outbreak that occurred in Antofagasta region, between March and April 2010. An observational study was conducted to perform the outbreak investigation. Local residents who met case definition were included. Stool samples, epidemiological surveys and environmental samples were requested. The outbreak began approximately on March 8, 2010 and lasted until April 28 with 31,036 reported cases (rate 54 per 1000 inhabitants). The most affected age group was between 25 and 44 years, and diarrhea was the main symptom (97% of cases). We determined the presence of norovirus genogroup II in clinical and environmental samples. This outbreak was caused by consumption of raw vegetables from La Chimba, which were watered and contaminated with treated sewage containing low concentration of free residual chlorine. Subsequently, the outbreak spread from person to person in a poor sanitary environment.


Antecedentes: Los brotes por gastroenteritis aguda constituyen un problema de salud pública. Se conoce al norovirus como la causa más común (50%). En Chile, la vigilancia de estos eventos, se establece mediante la notificación inmediata. Objetivo: Investigar y caracterizar el brote de gastroenteritis aguda ocurrido en la Región de Antofagasta, durante los meses de marzo y abril de 2010. Método: Se efectuó un estudio observacional descriptivo para realizar la investigación de brote. Se incluyó a residentes de la región que cumplían con la definición de caso. Se solicitó muestras de deposición, encuesta epidemiológica y muestras ambientales. Resultados: Se estimó que el brote comenzó el 8 de marzo de 2010 y duró hasta el 28 de abril del mismo año; se notificaron 31. 036 casos (tasa 54 por 1.000 habitantes). El grupo de 25 y 44 años de edad fue el más afectado y la diarrea fue el síntoma predominante (97% de los casos). Se determinó la presencia de norovirus genogrupo II en muestras clínicas y ambientales. Conclusiones: El brote se originó por el consumo crudo de hortalizas que provenían del sector La Chimba, las que fueron regadas y contaminadas con agua servida tratada que contenía baja concentración de cloro libre residual y posteriormente se propagó por transmisión persona-persona, en un ambiente sanitario deficiente.


Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infecções por Caliciviridae/epidemiologia , Surtos de Doenças , Gastroenterite/epidemiologia , Norovirus/isolamento & purificação , Doença Aguda , Infecções por Caliciviridae/transmissão , Chile/epidemiologia , Fezes/virologia , Gastroenterite/virologia
10.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 29(1): 26-31, feb. 2012. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-627211

RESUMO

Background: Foodborne disease outbreaks are one of the main health problems all over the world, which have an extensive impact on human health. Objetive: To analyze the foodborne disease outbreaks occurred in Chilean urban area from 2005 to 2010. Methods: We made a descriptive epidemiologic study. First, criteria were defined and classified according to previous epidemiologic investigations, clinical and environment samples, then. Variables of space, time, place and person were also analyzed. Results: Among 2,806 reported outbreaks, 2434 (86.7%) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Incidence rate of the period (2005-2010) were 32 cases per 100 inhabitants. A total of 12,196 people were affected, with an average of 5 patients per outbreak. The households (36.2%), restaurants (16.3%), supermarkets (6.3%) free fair (4.4%) have been the most important outbreak areas. The foods involved were seafood (15.4%), fish (15.1%), and fast food (13.5%). The etiologic agents were Salmonella spp, Shigella spp, Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Conclusions: Outbreaks foodborne diseases are frequents in the Chilean urban area, which make vulnerable a lot of people. The largest numbers happened in the households and were due to bad handling and/or inappropriate storage of the foods.


Antecedentes: Las enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos (ETA) constituyen en el ámbito mundial, uno de los problemas sanitarios más comunes y de mayor impacto sobre la salud de las personas. Objetivo: Analizar los brotes de ETA notificados en la Región Metropolitana (RM) de Chile entre enero 2005 y junio 2010. Material y Métodos: Estudio epidemiológico descriptivo de base de datos de brotes de ETA que se clasificaron de acuerdo a encuesta epidemiológica y muestra clínica o ambiental. Se analizaron variables de espacio, tiempo, lugar y persona. Resultados: De los 2.806 brotes notificados, 2.434 (86,7%) cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Un total de 12.196 personas fueron afectadas, con un promedio de 5 enfermos por brote. La tasa de incidencia del período 2005-2010 fue 32 casos por 100 habitantes Los ámbitos de mayor brote fueron los hogares (36,2%), restaurantes (16,3%), supermercados (6,3%), ferias libres (4,4%). Los alimentos involucrados fueron mariscos (15,4%), pescados (15,1%), platos rápidos (13,5%). Los principales agentes etiológicos investigados fueron Salmonella spp, Shigella spp y Vibrio parahemolyticus. Conclusiones: Los brotes de ETA son muy frecuentes en la RM, comprometiendo un gran número de personas. La mayoría se produjeron en los hogares y fueron provocados por mala manipulación y/o conservación de los alimentos.


Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Notificação de Doenças , Surtos de Doenças , Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos/epidemiologia , Chile , Incidência , Fatores de Risco , População Urbana
11.
Rev. chil. reumatol ; 28(4): 175-178, 2012. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-695640

RESUMO

Introducción: La artritis idiopática juvenil (AIJ) es la enfermedad reumatológica más prevalente en la infancia y en Chile es incorporada al GES en 2010, permitiendo el acceso a terapia biológica. Materiales y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de pacientes con AIJ refractarios a terapia habitual que iniciaron terapia biológica en el HSJD desde 2008. Se revisaron las fichas clínicas de todos los pacientes, se evaluó la mejoría clínica alcanzada mediante el índice ACR30/50 (American College of Rheumatology) y efectos adversos previo y posterior al uso de biológicos. Resultados: Han recibido terapia biológica 14 pacientes desde 2008, 76 por ciento mujeres. La edad promedio de inicio de la enfermedad fue de 7,8 años, con una duración promedio de la enfermedad de 5,9 meses al diagnóstico. Todos recibieron etanercept. El 71 por ciento recibió etanercept antes de los cinco años del diagnóstico y el 86 por ciento tenía más de 10 años. El 50 por ciento presentaba AIJ de tipo poliarticular, 36 por ciento asociada a entesitis, 5 por ciento sistémica y 5 por ciento indiferenciada. Primero recibieron tratamiento con metotrexato, sulfasalazina, corticoides y/o AINE. Se consignaron 37 reacciones adversas a fármacos (54 por ciento infecciones virales, 41 por ciento bacterianas, 5 por ciento hepatotoxicidad). Durante el uso de terapia biológica ocurrieron 27 reacciones adversas (56 por ciento infecciones bacterianas, 44 por ciento virales). La incidencia de reacciones adversas con uso exclusivo de DMARD fue de 0,0698 mensual y en tratamiento combinado de biológicos con DMARD (en menor dosis) fue de 0,0683 (sin diferencias significativas). Un 69 por ciento y 82 por ciento de los pacientes lograron un índice de ACR30 a los seis y 12 meses de terapia, respectivamente, y ACR50, 62 por ciento y 73 por ciento, respectivamente. Conclusión: La terapia biológica fue efectiva y segura en la mayoría de los pacientes, comparable a lo reportado a nivel internacional.


Introduction: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most prevalent rheumatic disease in childhood and in Chile is included in the GES program since 2010, allowing access to biological therapy. Materials and methods: Is a retrospective study of patients with JIA refractory to standard therapy, who initiated biologic therapy in HSJD since 2008. We reviewed the medical data of all patients, clinical improvement was evaluated using the ACR30/50 (American College of Rheumatology) index and adverse effects before and after the use of biologics. Results: 14 patients received biological therapy since 2008, 76 percent female. The average age of disease onset was 7.8 years with a mean disease duration of 5.9 years at diagnosis. All received etanercept. 71 percent received it before 5 years of diagnosis and 86 percent had more than 10 years of diagnosis. 50 percent ad polyarticular JIA, 36 percent associated with enthesitis, 5 percent systemic JIA and 5 percent undifferentiated JIA. First they all received treatment with methotrexate, sulfasalazine, corticosteroids and/or NSAIDs. 37 had adverse drug reactions (95 percent viral or bacterial infections and 5 percent hepatotoxicity). During biologically therapy adverse reactions occurred 27 times (56 percent bacterial, 44 percent viral). The incidence of monthly adverse reactions only with DMARDs was 0.0698 and in the combined therapy (biological plus DMARDs at lower doses) was 0.0683 (no significant difference). 69 percent and 82 percent of patients achieved the ACR30 at 6 and 12 months of therapy respectively and 62 percent and 73 percent achieved ACR50 respectively. Conclusion: Biologic therapy was safe and effective in most patients, comparable to the worldwide reports.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Antirreumáticos/uso terapêutico , Artrite Juvenil/tratamento farmacológico , Imunoglobulina G/uso terapêutico , Receptores do Fator de Necrose Tumoral/uso terapêutico , Terapia Biológica , Estudos Retrospectivos
12.
Rev. colomb. gastroenterol ; 25(4): 406-408, oct.-dic. 2010. ilus
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-589394

RESUMO

El presente artículo reporta el caso de un paciente masculino de 73 años que ingresa por cuadro de abdomen agudo y es llevado laparotomía donde se encuentra divertículo de Meckel gigante complicado con necrosis del tejido por torsión axial sobre pedículo de unión al íleon, una de las complicaciones más raras que se ha descrito en la literatura.


This article presents the case of a 73 year old patient who was admitted to the hospital with acute abdominal pain. A midline laparotomy was performed in which a giant Meckel’s Diverticulum was found. It was complicated by necrosis of the diverticular tissue due to axial torsion over its base. This is one of the rarest complications reported in the literature.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Idoso , Divertículo Ileal , Necrose
13.
Rev. chil. endocrinol. diabetes ; 3(3): 197-201, jul. 2010.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-610323

RESUMO

Serum thyroglobulin and cervical ultrasonography are the milestones of the follow up of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma. When levels of thyroglobulin, stimulated either by discontinuing thyroid hormone supplementation or by using human recombinant TSH are undetectable and cervical ultrasonography is negative for relapse, there is a 99 percent probability that the patient is free of disease. Twenty percent of patients with undetectable thyroglobulin levels under thyroid hormone supplementation, will have levels above 2 ng/ml when treatment is discontinued and in one third of them, a relapse will be detected. Pre ablative thyroglobulin levels below 27.5 ng/mg have a positive predictive value of 98 percent for a disease free survival in low risk patients. Anti thyroglobulin antibodies must be measured along with thyroglobulin value, rendering false negative results. Thyroglobolin determination in the needle washout is useful, when a suspicious cervical lymphadenopathy is aspirated. If this value is twice or highr than that of a simultaneous serum determination, it is suggestive of metastases even with a negative cytology.


Assuntos
Humanos , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/sangue , Tireoglobulina/sangue , Pescoço , Progressão da Doença , Biomarcadores Tumorais/sangue , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/cirurgia , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/radioterapia , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide , Prognóstico , Tireoglobulina
14.
Rev. chil. endocrinol. diabetes ; 3(1): 24-27, ene. 2010. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-610312

RESUMO

Hyponatremia is common among older people and its possible causes are not thoroughly investigated in this age group. We report a 69 years old female with a history of hypothyroidism in treatment that consulted for malaise, anorexia and a severe hyponatremia that required hospital admission. A new interrogation, revealed that the patient suffered an uterine hemorrhage in 1977, remaining with agalactia. She also referred asthenia since 1990. Her serum cortisol was below normal limits and a sella turcica magnetic resonance imaging revealed a pituitary atrophy. The patient was treated with cortisol and discharged in good conditions.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Idoso , Hiponatremia/etiologia , Hipopituitarismo/complicações , Hipopituitarismo/diagnóstico , Hidrocortisona/sangue , Hidrocortisona/uso terapêutico , Hiponatremia/tratamento farmacológico , Hiponatremia/sangue , Hipopituitarismo/tratamento farmacológico , Hipopituitarismo/sangue , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Tiroxina/uso terapêutico
15.
Rev. Hosp. Clin. Univ. Chile ; 20(3): 194-198, 2009. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-620963

RESUMO

Stroke is a devastating disease with a high mortality and high degree of disability. In the nineties a new specific treatment was proved to be beneficial, the intravenous recombinant tisular plasminogen activator (IV r-TPA). The first notion of pharmacologic vessel revascularization marked a new era in stroke treatment. However, there are cases that need a more aggressive approach, such as large intracranial vessel occlusion. Recently, new endovascular approaches and an explosive development of devices to remove or suck the thrombus, bring a second revolution in the manner that we treat stroke.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Revascularização Cerebral , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Transtornos Cerebrovasculares
16.
Rev. Hosp. Clin. Univ. Chile ; 20(3): 263-270, 2009. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-620966

RESUMO

Historic aspects are described of the concept of death and alter brain death. We analyzed definition and characteristics of coma without answer, cerebral trunk activity absence. Theyare described and details the execution of the test of apnea and its limits. It is analyzed some differential diagnostics and movements that can be found in brain death. Some complementaryexams are indicated and by finalize legal aspects are discussed.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Morte Encefálica , Morte , Morte Encefálica/diagnóstico , Morte Encefálica/legislação & jurisprudência , Tronco Encefálico , Coma
17.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 25(6): 453-456, dic. 2008. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-503963

RESUMO

A sentinel-based outpatient and inpatient surveillance for rotavirus infection has been implemented in Chile. Aim: Update the impact of rotavirus infections in Chile. Methods: Ambulatory surveillance is performed in 14 centers from 8 Regions and hospital-based surveillance in 8 hospitals from three Regions (V, VIII and Metropolitan). Results: In 2007, 339 stool samples that represented 9.3 percent of all outpatient cases were studied of which 15 percent were rotavirus positive. A total of 2.074 children younger than 5 years of age were hospitalized representing 9 percent of all hospitalizations for this age group. Rotavirus was detected in 13.6 percent of these cases. Conclusions: In the current epidemiological situation, rotavirus surveillance needs to be sustained with increased efforts to detect cases in order to avoid underreporting. Serotype/genotype surveillance of rotavirus strains needs to be included in the near future.


En Chile, se realiza la vigilancia de gastroenteritis causadas por rotavirus en niños bajo 5 años a través de centros centinelas ambulatorios y hospitalarios. Objetivo: Conocer la epidemiología de las diarreas por rotavirus y evaluar la carga de morbi-mortalidad. Método: La vigilancia ambulatoria se desarrolla en 14 centros de 8 regiones y la vigilancia hospitalaria se lleva a cabo en 8 hospitales pediátricos de las regiones Vª, VIIIªy RM. Resultados: En 2007, 9,3 por ciento de las consultas por diarrea fue estudiada (339), detectándose rotavirus en 15 por ciento de ellas. Se hospitalizaron por diarrea, 2.074 casos, 9 por ciento del total de las hospitalizaciones en este grupo etario. De estas, 13,6 por ciento fueron por rotavirus. Conclusiones: Dada la situación epidemiológica actual, es importante mantener la vigilancia, ampliar la pesquisa de los casos, aplicar el protocolo de vigilancia establecido y determinar el serotipo/genotipo circulante en el país.


Assuntos
Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Gastroenterite/epidemiologia , Gastroenterite/virologia , Infecções por Rotavirus/epidemiologia , Vigilância de Evento Sentinela , Doença Aguda , Chile/epidemiologia , Diarreia/epidemiologia , Diarreia/microbiologia , Incidência
18.
West Indian med. j ; 57(5): 444-449, Nov. 2008. tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-672397

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Guyana had an estimated HIV prevalence of 1.5% among pregnant women in 2006 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1-1.9). However, a survey of miners in one mine found a 6.5% HIV prevalence in 2002. To determine whether Guyanese miners are at high risk for HIV infection we conducted a HIV and syphilis prevalence survey of miners in several mines. METHODS: Adult male consenting miners in 45 Guyanese mines were interviewed, counselled, tested for HIV and syphilis with rapid tests and provided onsite test results. The survey was cross-sectional and used a multi-stage cluster sampling design; population estimates were calculated using SUDAAN. RESULTS: Of 651 miners approached, 539 (83%) were interviewed and 509 (78%) tested. The estimated prevalence for HIV was 3.9% (CI = 2.1, 7.1) and for life-time syphilis exposure was 6.4% (CI = 4.5, 9.1). Fifty-four per cent (CI = 41.3, 66.7) of miners had casual sex during the preceding year, of whom 44.4% (CI = 34.3, 55.0) had always used condoms with these partners. CONCLUSION: The estimated HIV prevalence among Guyanese miners was higher than that of the general population. Targeted interventions including condom promotion are recommended to prevent further spread of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections among miners.


ANTECEDENTES: Guyana tenía un estimado de prevalencia de VIH de 1.5% entre las mujeres embarazadas en 2006 (95% intervalo de confianza [CI] =1.1-1.9). Sin embargo, una encuesta realizada a mineros en una mina, reveló una prevalencia de un 65% de VIH en 2002. Para determinar si los mineros guyaneses se hallan en un alto riesgo de infección por VIH, llevamos a cabo un estudio de la prevalencia de sífilis y VIH entre los mineros en varias minas. MÉTODOS: Mineros varones adultos en 45 minas guyaneses, fueron entrevistados previo consentimiento, recibieron aconsejamiento (counselling), y fueron sometidos a pruebas de detección de VIH y sífilis mediante tests rápidos que proveyeron resultados en el sitio. La encuesta fue transversal y usó un diseño de muestreo por conglomerados en etapas múltiples. Los estimados de la población fueron calculados usando SUDAAN. RESULTADOS: De 651 mineros abordados, 539 (83%) fueron entrevistados y a 509 (78%) se les aplicó la prueba. El estimado de la prevalencia de VIH fue 3.9% (CI = 2.1, 7.1) y la de la exposición a la sífilis de por vida fue 6.4% (CI = 4.5, 9.1). Cincuenta y cuatro por ciento (CI = 41.3, 66.7) de los mineros tuvieron sexo casual el año anterior, de los cuales 44.4% (CI = 34.3, 55.0) había usado siempre condones con sus parejas. CONCLUSIÓN: La prevelancia estimada de VIH entre los mineros guyaneses fue más alta que la de la población general. Se recomiendan intervenciones, incluyendo la promoción de condones, dirigidas a prevenir la ulterior difusión del VIH y otras enfermedades de trasmisión sexual entre los mineros.


Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Diamante , Ouro , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Mineração , Sífilis/epidemiologia , Análise por Conglomerados , Intervalos de Confiança , Estudos Transversais , Coleta de Dados , Guiana/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/transmissão , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Razão de Chances , Prevalência , Assunção de Riscos , Sífilis/transmissão
19.
Rev. chil. psicoanal ; 25(1): 47-56, jun. 2008.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-513792

RESUMO

El impacto traumático del nacimiento prematuo en el desarrollo neurológico y emocional del bebé es bien conocido. En el siguiente artículo se propone la idea, que el trabajo con niños prematuros impacta también al equipo neonatológico, favoreciendo la disociación emocional defensiva. Se describe una experiencia de trabajo levada a cabo en la Unidad de Neonatología del Hospital San José, Santiago, Chile durante el año 2005 con el fin de apoyar la formación de Vínculos Afectivos entre los bebés prematuros y sus madres y de ambos con el equipo de Neonatología. Nuestro trabajo se ha desarrollado desde el marco teórico del Método de observación de Bebés de Esther Bick, por lo que se optó por una adaptación del Método que hiciera factible su aplicación en una realidad hospitalaria. Se organizaron "Grupos de Reflexión" en los que se favoreció la discusión sobre material clínico elegido por un miembro del equipo de Neo a partir de su propia resonancia afectiva. Pensamos que se logró la creación de un espacio en el que la experiencia de contención emocional del equipo permite el surgimiento de una actitud más empática y favorecedora del vínculo emocional entre el bebé y su madre. Se ilustra lo que fue el modo de trabajo a través del material clínico extraído de una de las reuniones de grupo.


The traumatic impact of premature birth on baby's neurological and emotional development is well known. The following article states the idea that working with premature children has a traumatic effect not only on them, but on the neonatal unit team as well, facilitating dissociative emotional defensiveness. To that end, it describes a workshop conducted at the Neonatal Unit of the San José Hospital in Santiago, Chile, during the year 2005, with a view to support the improvement of emotional ties between premature babies, their mothers and the Neonatal Unit team. Our work has been developed from the theoretical frame given by Esther Bick's baby Observation Method, reason why we opted for an adaptation of that method, which could make its application in a hospital environment feasible. To that end, sessions known as "reflection groups" were held with the members of the team; during them one of the participants proposed a subject - clinic material based on his own affective resonance-, which was to be discussed with the others. The result was the creation of a reflection space, where the emotional containment of the team allowed a more empathic attitude, providing a more fertile atmosphere for the development of emotional bonds between the baby and its mother. As example of the work method used during the experience, we have included some clinic material extracted from one of the group's meetings.


Assuntos
Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Neonatologia , Apego ao Objeto , Recém-Nascido Prematuro/psicologia , Relações Mãe-Filho
20.
Rev. Hosp. Clin. Univ. Chile ; 19(2): 119-126, 2008. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-530298

RESUMO

The cerebrovascular disease, especially the ischemic stroke, is the second cause of death in our country. In Chile every year we have 14.000 new cases of ischemic stroke; this number is going up due to the progressive aging of our population. Every action we do during the six first ours of the evolution of the disease are critical for the final outcome. A proper treatments made of a group of unspecific actions that can really change the prognosis of the disease: Multidisciplinary approach, quick stabilization, unspecific neuroprotection, CT in the emergency room and hospitalization in a Stroke Unit, prevent and treat infections, early physical therapy, diagnosis of underlying disease and secondary prevention. The current law in Chile guarantee to every patient with an ischemic stroke the right to be hospitalized under the suspect of a stroke and to be followed up by a Neurologist, Psychologist, Physiatrists, kinesiologist, Speech and swelling therapist and a physical therapist. This law can only be fulfilled if every hospital in our country, or at least one per region, has its own Stroke Unit.


Assuntos
Humanos , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/terapia , Isquemia Encefálica/terapia , Doença Aguda , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/diagnóstico , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Isquemia Encefálica/diagnóstico , Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente , Terapia Trombolítica , Fatores de Tempo , Unidades Hospitalares/normas , Unidades Hospitalares/organização & administração
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