Aeromonas sobria infection in farmed mud loach [misgurnus mizolepis] in Korea, a bacteriological survey

A disease outbreak occurred in June 2012 among mud loach cultured on pond farms in Jangseong-gun, Jeollanam-do, Korea. Mortality rates reached up to 1.2% in the farm per day. Typical clinical signs were bleeding ulcer at the middle portion of head and haemorrhagic erosion of the operculum. Based on biochemical characteristics, the causative bacterium isolated from diseased fish was identified as Aeromonas sobria. The isolate expressed two haemolytic genes, aerolysin [sob] and haemolysin [asa1] genes. Histopathologically, liver showed hepatocellular vacuolar degeneration and congestion in sinusoids. The spleen exhibited necrotized splenocytes and haemorrhagic pulps. In the kidney, glomerular destruction, renal tubular necrosis and haemorrhage were observed. Experimental infection [infectious dose of 10[6], 10[7], and 10[8] cfu fish[-1]] of healthy mud loach with the isolate resulted in the development of clinical signs similar to those seen in the farm. By injection with an infectious dose of 10[6] cfu fish[-1], the mortality rate was 10.3% within 7 days post infection. A mortality rate of 60.9% was reached within 2 days when an infectious dose of 10[7] cfu fish[-1] was used. Otherwise, all fish died within 1 day when injected with 10[8] cfu fish[-1]. The results demonstrated that A. sobria is involved in the morbidity and mortality of the farmed mud loach

The Effect of Combination Treatment with Oral Etretinate (Ro 10 - 9359) and Vitamin E on Psoriasis Vulgaris / 대한피부과학회지

Etretinate(Ro 10-9359), an aromatic analogue of vitamin A acid, has been known to be effective in the treatment of psoriasis, Darier's disease, pityriasis rubra pilaris, ichthyosis, and palmoplantar keratoderma when administered orally. In this experiment, we compared the therapeutic and side effects between a group with high dose therapy(initially 75mg of etretinate a day) and an another group with low dose therapy(initially 40mg of etretinate a day). We also observed whether the pretreatment followed by combined treatment with vitamin E could potentiate the therapeutic effect as well as reduce the side effects of oral etretinate. This experiment comprised 102 moderate to severe psoriatic patients. The following results were obtained from this experiment. 1. Fifty-six among 92 patients(61%) who were treated with etretinate for more than 4 weeks showed good to excellent therapeutic effect. 2 The high dose therapy was more effective, but showed more side effects than low dose therapy. 3 Vitamin E did not potentiate the effect of etretinate. In low dose therapy, the pretreatment followed by combined treatment with vitamin E showed a tendency to reduce the side effects of etretinate.