[Effect of a family-centered clinical intervention on the anxiety of family members of the patients hospitalized in critical care units]

Background and Objective: Hospitalization of patients in the intensive care units frequently results in anxiety of the family members. This study was performed to investigate the effect of a family-centered clinical intervention on the anxiety of family members of the patients hospitalized in intensive care units

Methods: In this clinical trail study, eighty family members of the patients hospitalized in the intensive care units were randomly divided into interventional and control groups, respectively. In the interventional group, the family members were allowed to be present at the bedside from the second till the sixth day. The participant's level of anxiety was assessed in the second and the sixth day of patient's hospitalization using hospital anxiety and depression scale. Oral information about the equipment and the regulations and, a daily information card consisting of treatment and care activities, vital signs and patient's level of consciousness was delivered to the participants and their questions were answered

Results: In the sixth day, there was a significant difference between the mean anxiety scores in the intervention [11 +/- 3.22] and control group [7.05 +/- 3.44] [P<0.05]. Also, the frequency of anxiety in the interventional group [56%] was significantly higher than the control group with 15% [P<0.05]. The odds ratio for anxiety in sons/daughters was lower than other family members in the sixth day [P<0.05]

Conclusion: Providing information, presence at the bedside and participation in the care of their patient increase the anxiety of family members in the first week of patient hospitalization in the intensive care unit

[ effect of ginkgo on stress level of nurses]

Mental Health of Nurses in recent decades, attracted more attention. Therefore strategies to reduce stress level is essential. Ginkgo biloba is one of thes herbs that has widely usage in complimentary medicine.With regard to the these points and consider of positive effects of Ginkgo biloba, this study aimed to assess the effect of Ginkgo biloba on nurses stress levels. This clinical trial was a double blined cross sectional study that nurses eligible to participate in the study using sampling methods were selected and Then randomly given drug or placebo to nurses. The medication and placebo was 40 mg, twice a day. After the two -week, the experimental and control group were switched. In this study 62 nurses for two weeks consume ginkgo. Sum score of occupational stress questionnaire in case group after intervention was 40.15 with standard deviation 10.26. sum score of occupational stress questionnaire in control group after intervention was 34.55 with standard deviation 12. With regard that stress in nurses has problems such as decrease quality of care and unsatisfaction and unefficacy and fatigue and these factors lead to emotional disorder then intervention for control them is necessary. Therefore with regard that this research identify positive effect of ginkgo on stress levels and ginkgo is a part of complimentary therapy has a wildly application then we can use that for increase quality of life in nurses

[Exploration of characteristics of a competent nursing faculty member: a qualitative study]

Introduction: The aim of nursing education is training of competent nurses who have knowledge, attitude and necessary skills for maintaining and promoting people health. So, nursing faculty member role in individual and professional development is not deniable. The purpose of this study is exploration of characteristics of a competent nursing faculty member

Methods: This is a qualitative research which was done using content analysis method. Data were collected through interviews. The study was initiated with purposive sampling and continued by theoretical one. 24 participants were interviewed during 2 months in Nursing faculty. Constant comparative analysis method was utilized for data analysis

Results: Data analysis has shown that 7 categories including: scientific background, educational skills, individual and emotional characteristics, professional ethics, supportive and management characteristics as secondary codes, and "A nursing competent faculty member as a complete human" as the main code were extracted from data which all participants confirmed them

Conclusion: In this study the characteristics of a competent nursing faculty member were recognized deeper. Since the main code "A nursing competent faculty member as a complete human" as a new and deep spiritual finding can emphasizes on the placement of nursing discipline. Considering the study findings can bear in mind that all nursing masters should pay attention to them and have a comprehensive plan to achive them. On the other hand, applying characteristics of a competent nursing faculty member as a guider in nursing menagement and education is recommended

effectiveness of wet cupping vs. venesection on arterial 02 saturation level of cigarette smokers: a randomized controlled clinical trial

Wet cupping is a traditional bloodletting method recommended for controlling of respiratory disease complications. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of wet cupping vs. venesection on arterial 02 saturation level of smokers. This is a randomized controlled clinical trial which started with simple sampling of smokers. After administering spirometery, participants [N = 110 male smokers] with positive pulmonary function test [PFT], who manifested Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease [COPD], were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. The two groups were assessed in terms of demographic data, rate of hemoglobin [Hb], hematocrit [Hct], and arterial 02 saturation. Then, the intervention participants underwent wet cupping whereas venesection was performed on the control participants. At four stages after the two treatments, pulse oximetery was performed. Data was analyzed using SPSS [Version 17]. Result shows that mean arterial 02 sat level increased at three stages, namely before, immediately after, and 6 and 12 hrs after these two treatments [p < 0.001]. This indicates that wet cupping and venesection alike were effective on 02 sat level in the two groups, but the increasing pattern was maintained 12 hrs afterward only in those participants who had received wet cupping [p < 0.001]. Moreover, the results of repeated measure ANOVA between the two groups at the four stages showed that there were significant differences between the means of 02 saturation level at the 6- and 12-hrs stages [F= 66.92, p< 0.001]. Wet cupping caused a continued 02 saturation in the intervention group even up to 12 hrs afterward. Participants expressed liveliness and improved respiration after wet cupping. Therefore, wet cupping is recommended for promoting the health of cigarette smokers

[Barriers of readmission control among patients with congestive heart failure: a qualitative study]

Hospital readmission rate as a global health problem has increased over the last few decades. Congestive heart failure [CHF] is one of the most common causes of hospital readmission. Little is known about barriers of readmission rate control. The aim of this study was used for data exploring the barriers of readmission rate control. A qualitative study was designed with grounded theory approach. Data were gathered with interview. This study was started with proposly sampling and continues with theoretical sampling during 6 months. A convenience sample of 42 people was recruited from two public educational hospitals in Tehran during 6 month. The data were analyzed using constant comparative analysis. Data analysis demonstrated lake of sensitivity on barriers of readmission; incorrect patients' health believes and expectations; insufficient patient education, drug and diet adherence, and incorrect life style; lack of active medical system, distrust on physicians and lack of communication; psychological issues and patient-family challenges, were as the barriers of readmission control. This research had shown that the barriers of readmission control recognized by applying Qualitative research method with source triangulation better than the biomedical approach with single source. On the other hand, lack of sensitivity of participants on barriers of readmission control is a new finding. So, for controlling the barriers of readmission despite of exploring the barriers, making sensitive of involved people to readmission, is also proposed

[Comparing Black and Green tea [Camellia sinensis L] extracts effects on the growth inhibition and biofilm formation of Enterobacteriacea]

Extracts of leaves from Camellia sinensis L contains polyphenolic components with antimicrobial activity. In this investigation biofilm inhibitory effects of black and green tea extracts were defined for five members of enterobacteriacea family including: Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, Shigella flexneri, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Because tea is the most widely drunk beverage in Iran, therefore investigation of its effects on enterobacterial biofilm formation and colonization is very important. In this experimental study after extraction of samples in water/ methanol solution, further extraction took place in Ethyl acetate phase. The extracts preserved in 4°C refrigerator after sterilization by 0.44 micro filters. Well diffusion [Kirby Bauer] and broth dilution methods were used for evaluation of minimum inhibitory concentration of biofilm formation in black and green tea extracts treated cultures. Evaluation of biofilm formation was assayed by observation of colony forming unit of cultured bacteria per milliliter by sampling from Erlenmeyer flask wall scratching onto Tripticase soy agar medium and comparing the results with controls. Analysis of data was done using analysis of variance. Biofilm inhibitory effects of black tea were greater than green tea. The concentration of 4.5 mg/ml of black tea and 5mg/ml of green tea had bactericidal effects against examined bacteria. On Mueller Hinton agar, Proteus mirabilis was more sensitive to black tea; EPEC was more sensitive to green tea and Klebsiella pneumoniae showed more resistance to both extracts. Due to the fact that gastrointestinal tract is directly affected with consumed beverage, the high concentration of tea entered in lumen can reduce the number of enterobacteriaceae and can reduce their carcinogenic amine products. Thus it plays an important role in inhibition of gastrointestinal lymphoma and colon carcinoma. Also application of tea polyphenols as a food preservative can be useful

Pathology of patient education: a qualitative study

Patient education by nurses can be one of the best strategies for optimum self- care at home. The objective of this study is pathologic study of patient education process and answering to these questions :1- What is the process of patient education? 2- What are the pathogens of correct implementation of patient education? This was a qualitative research with using content analysis method. Sample size included twenty B.S nurses, three MS nurses, ten nurse students and ten hospitalized patients. The setting of the study was schools of Nursing and Midwifery and 2 general hospitals of Arak University of Medical Sciences. Data gathering method was semi - structured interview. Analysis of data was done based on content analysis method. The study Findings showed that factors related to: 1- Curriculum planning, in Schools of Nursing and Midwifery 2- Patient education courses 3- Insufficient attention to nurses conditions 4- Insufficient attention to educational, cultural and habitual needs of patients and their families 5- Educational management 6- Attitude of participants to patient education, were key issues in the process of patient education that was related to inappropriate implementation of patient education in clinical settings. Patient education and nurses' role in this regard were significant factors to be considered. The pathogens which were effective on incorrect implementation of patient education, decrease the quality of care nursing. Applying the new curriculum planning can empower nurses on patient education. Providing in service training for clinical nurses and patient education follow up by clinical and educational managers can lead patient health promotion