[Effects of commercial synbiotic and electrolyte-multivitamin solution on performance of Japanese quail in a physiological stress model]

Background: study on the effects of some additives to reduce the negative effects of physiological stress in poultry

Objectives: this study was conducted to investigate the effects of the dietary synbiotic Biomin-IMBO and electrolytes-multivitamin solution in drinking water on performance of Japanese quail under physiological stress

Methods: a total of 240 one-day-old Japanese quail [Coturnix Coturnix japonica] were randomly assigned to 4 treatments with 4 replicates and 15 birds each. Experimental diets were 1- diets based on corn and soybean meal [negative control], 2- basal diets+ dexamethasone [positive control], 3- positive control+ 1gr/kg diet Biomin-IMBO[registered sign], 4- positive control+ 2 ml/li water electrolyte-multi vitamin

Results: physiological stress significantly reduced feed intake and live body weights of quails [p<0.05]. Feed consumption of stressed bird increased by adding electrolytes-multivitamin to drinking water [p<0.05]. Dietary Biomin-IMBO supplementation decreased significantly heterophil:lymphosyte ratio in blood of stressed birds [p<0.05]. The concentration of glucose in serum of positive control and water electrolyte-multivitamin group were lower than birds in negative control at stress period [p<0.05]

Conclusions: dietary Biomin-IMBO supplementation could reduce negative effect of physiological stress in Japanese quails

Effect of sesame oil feeding on performance, plasma lipids and ruminal fermentation of growing lambs

BACKGROUND: In recent years, dietary fat supplementation has become a common practice and fat supplemented diets have had variable effects on animal performance and carcass characteristics.

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to determine the effect of increasing the levels of sesame oil on performance, rumen parameters and plasma lipid profile in finishing Chal lambs.

METHODS: Eighteen male lambs were fed with control [C; without sesame oil] and the diets contained low level [LSO; 2.5%] and high level [HSO; 5%] of sesame oil.

RESULTS: The addition of fat had no effect on dry matter intake [DMI], average daily gain [ADG], feed conversion ratio [FCR] and carcass weight. Treatments with sesame oil had no effect on rumen ammonia concentration and total protozoal count. Ruminal pH was numerically smaller [p=0.14] for control compared to lambs fed diets containing 2.5 and 5% sesame oil. Treatments had no effect on total VFA, acetate, butyrate, valerate and isovalerate concentrations. The propionate concentration decreased [p=0.04] by supplementation of sesame oil compared with the control. Total cholesterol [TC] and HDL increased and the tendency for VLDL and triglyceride [p=0.13] to increase was observed by treatment groups when compared with the control. Glucose concentration and LDL were not affected by treatment.

CONCLUSIONS: Sesame oil had no effect on the performance and carcass weight of lambs but there was decrease in blood cholesterol concentration.

[Comparison of diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography and radiology in radial critical-sized defects healing process in rabbit]

Healing of Critical-Sized Defects [CSDs] is one of the major challenges facing orthopedic surgeons. To assess the bone healing process usually plain radiography is used. Serial radiography results in certain side effects and recent findings are indicating the early detection of bone healing via ultrasonography. The purpose of current study is to compare the diagnostic accuracy of radiography and ultrasonography in healing process of radial CSDs in rabbit. Sixteen New Zealand White Rabbits were used in this study. The radial CSDs of 15 mm size were created in a routine surgical procedure described previously and the two diagnostic tools were compared 12 weeks post-surgery. In case of obtaining different results from radiology and ultrasonography, to determine which diagnostic imaging method is of more accuracy, the histopathologic results of samples from the same day were used. In 15 cases of 16, ultrasonography findings were confirmed by radiography and only in one case they were in contradiction, in which radiographs showed an Atrophic Nonunion while Ultrasound detected an outstanding filled defect with a reverberation artifact underneath. In histopathology, the defect was filled with an osteoid matrix of high cellularity and calcification was obvious in some regions, confirming the ultrasound results. This study indicates that in diagnostic imaging of CSDs, the ultrasonography and radiography are usually consonant and even ultrasound is more accurate than radiology. In addition, in case of detection of a reverberation artifact and lack of any healing-related finding in radiography, this artifact may be an indication of osteoid matrix formation

Isolation, characterization and transduction of canine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells [cBM-MSCs]

Stem cell therapy in small animal medicine is still in its infancy and few in vitro and in vivo research projects regarding animal Mesenchymal Stem Cells [MSCs] have been carried out. On the other hand, Cell tracking is the first step of the cell-based therapies and is essential to recognize cell fate post transplantation. The aim of this study was to isolate, characterize, and transduce cBM-MSCs. Canine Bone Marrow-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells [cBMMSCs] were isolated from bone marrow of dogs and characterized based on morphology, differentiation capacities, and surface marker expressions. For the first time, we labeled cBM-MSCs by GFP-encoding lentiviral vector to track them. cBM-MSCs were successfully isolated and proliferated. Morphologically, these cells were similar to other MSCs from other sources and species and were able to differentiate into osteocytes and adipocytes. cBM-MSCs expressed surface marker CD44 but were not able to express CD34. Approximately, 70% of cells efficaciously expressed GFP after labeling; We found that GFP labeling is an easy and effective technique to track transplanted cBMMSCs. Our results also provide fundamental information about canine BM-MSCs in order to use in veterinary medicine

Effects of mesenchymal stem cells with injectable scaffold on cardiac function in myocardial infarction in Rabbit

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal cells can transdifferentiate into Cardiomyocyte cells and improve heart function after transplantation. Since biomaterials can improve the cell retention in the site, cell survival and differentiation, heart tissue engineering is now being explored as an applied solution to support cell-based therapies and increase their efficacy for myocardial diseases. Chitosan in combination with Glycerol Phosphate [GP] can produce a thermo sensitive material that in body temperature can form a jellylike material. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a combination of autologous undifferentiated bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells [MSCs] and injectable scaffold on cardiac function improvement in rabbits after inducing myocardial infarction. The Left Anterior Descending [LAD] coronary artery was ligated by No. 6-0 poly amide suture material, and autologous MSCs with injectable scaffold were injected into the margins of the infarcted zone at the time of surgery. At 4 weeks after transplantation, the cardiac function and structure was detected using echocardiography. There was no significant difference among the three groups [MI only, MI Scaffold, and MI+Scaffold+MSCs] in the Echocardio-graphic parameters including, heart rate [HR], Ejection Fraction [EF], Fractional Shortening [FS], Left Ventricular Diameter [LVD] and Left Ventricular Parietal Wall Diameter [LVPW]. A combination of autologous undifferentiated bone marrow MSCs and injectable scaffold made of Chitosan+ Glycerol Phosphate in echocardiographic evaluation did not have a positive influence on achieving functional improvement

[ effect of four medicinal plants on performance and concentration of serum lipids in broiler chicks]

The usage of "growth promoter" antibiotics has been banned recently. This is due to the possibility of bacterial resistance and the risk of transferring to consumers. Herbs with antimicrobial and hypolipidemic properties can suggest as proper alternatives for antibiotic. Comparative investigation of growth promoting effect of four medicinal plants [Cuminum L., Mentha piperita L., Achillea L., Teucrium Polium L.] on performance and concentration of serum lipids of broiler. Total 280 day-old male Ross broiler chicks were used in a CRD design with 5 treatments, and 4 replicates and 56 birds per each treatment. Cuminum, Mentha piperita, Achillea and Teucrium Polium was added to diets in levels of 1.5, 0.3, 0.2 and 0.2 percent, respectively. A treatment without any additive was considered as control group. Feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio were recorded weekly. Total cholesterol, Triglycerides, LDL and HDL were measured at 35 days of age. Among the medicinal plants that used in this study, inclusion Mentha piperita in finisher diets increased feed intake [2196.4 g] and weight gain [1005.3 g], significantly [p < 0.05]. At total rearing period, addition of Teucrium Polium to diets decreased weight gain [1821.3 g] of chicks compared to control [1963.7 g], decreased total cholesterol [151.33 mg/dl] and LDL [29.06 mg/dl]; but it increased HDL [120.16 mg/dl] of serum [p < 0.05]. The results of this experiment suggest that Mentha piperita L., in diet, improves broiler performance compared to control and it can be used as growth promoter in broiler nutrition

[Self esteem and its associated factors in patients with multiple sclerosis]

Multiple sclerosis [MS] as a progressive disorder can deteriorate body image and the feeling of attractiveness and influence patients' self-esteem through changing their cognitive experiences and attitude towards their body. Accordingly this study was conducted with aim of assessing self esteem and its related factors in patients with MS. It was a descriptive, cross-sectional study. The subjects [n=395] were recruited by convenience sampling from Multiple Sclerosis Society in Tehran. Rosenberg Self-Esteem Inventory was used as data collection tool. Data was analyzed by independent t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation, spearman correlation coefficient, chi-square test and post hoc Scheffe test using SPSS-PC [version 16]. The mean score of self-esteem was 17/5 +/- 53/20. Most patients had moderate self-esteem, and only a small percentage of them [16.2%] had high self esteem. There were significant relationship between the patients' self-esteem and their age, educational level, marital status, employment status and the duration of disease [P<0.05]. Nurses are able to consider the patients' esteem needs by recognition of high risk groups and provide appropriate interventions to improve the quality of life of these patients and their families

[Effect of Bio-Gen [Bioteck]and Bio-Oss with and without alendronate on bone formation by [guided bone regeneration]: [a histomorphometric study in dogs]]

Several different graft materials, e.g. autologous, allografts, alloplasts or xenografts have been used to preserve or reconstruct the ridge anatomy. The purpose of this study was to investigate histologically and histomorphometrically experimental defects that grafted with Bio-Gen and Bio-oss and influence of local delivery of Alendronate with graft materials on bone formation. This experimental study did in 5 dog's tibia, 7 round intrabony defects, 6mm in diameter and approximately 4 mm in depth were made with trephine bur, each defect in each tibia filled randomly with following groups: 1] Bio-Gen [Bio-teck]+BCG membrane, 2] BBM[Bio-Oss]+Bio-gide membrane, 3]Bio-Gen+ alendronate+BCG membrane, 4] Bio-oss+alendronate+Bio-gide membrane, 5] BCG membrane, 6] Bio-gide membrane, 7] Control [empty]. Animals developed euthanized after 3 months. Immediately after euthanasia the tibia bones were dissected out and the proximal part of the tibias containing the defects were removed in blocks and prepared for Histologic and Histomorphometric evaluation. The data were analyzed using the ANOVA and Tukey procedures. P-values were less than 0.05. Newly formed bone was well evident in all of the defects inflammatory cells were less than 10% in all of them. The mean percentage of new bone in these 4 groups [with grafted materials] was higher than the other ones [with membrane and without grafted materials] and control groups [p<0.05]. There is no statistical different between Bio-Oss and Bio-Gen groups [with or without alendronate] in vital bone percentages. Application of single dose alendronate combination with Bio-oss or Bio-Gen granules doesn't improves bone formation. Bio-Gen granules are considered an osteoconductive graft material suitable for regeneration of bone

[Assertiveness and anxiety in midwifery and nursing students]

High levels of assertiveness and low levels of anxiety are important factors that result in suitable communication. They also increase intellectual abilities, abstract thought, power and autonomy, and personal well-being among nursing and midwifery students. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between assertiveness and anxiety among midwifery and nursing students. In this correlational, cross-sectional study, 173 nursing students [68 males and 105 females] were recruited using census and rational methods. Seventy seven midwifery students were also recruited using census method. Data were collected using a self-report tool including "personal information form", "Trait Spilberger Anxiety", and "Assertion Inventory" [AI] of Gambrill and Richey. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Results showed that more than half of the nursing and midwifery students [59.5% and 59.7%, respectively] had moderate assertiveness. Also, 43.3% and 36.4% of them had moderate and high levels of anxiety. Pearson correlation test revealed that assertiveness and anxiety had negative correlations in nursing [r=-0.51, P<0.001] and midwifery [r=-0.449, P<0.001] students. Some demographic variables had significant correlations with assertiveness and anxiety among the students. Regarding the relationship between assertiveness and anxiety and their effect on mental health, as well as educational and occupational functions of the students, more attention is needed to pay to theses issues. Also, it seems that appropriate interventions should be planned to increase assertiveness and to decrease anxiety among the students

[Study the effects of different levels of hull-less barley on caecal micro flora of broiler chicks]

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of diets containing different levels of hull-less barley on caecal microflora of broiler chicks. Two hundred and forty one-day old male broiler chicks [Arbor Acres strain] were used in a completely randomized design with 4 tratments, and 3 replicates were allocated to each treatment. Different levels of hull-less barley in diets had not significant effects on total bacterial count, E.coli, Clostridia and Lactobacillus population in caeca at starter period [21 days old], but at 49 days of age, caecal Lactobacilus population increased significantly by increasing the levels of hull-less barley in diets[p<0.05]. Based on the results of the present study, it can be stated that inclusion of hull-less barley in diets, changes the caecal microflora of broiler chicks. These components reduced pathogenic bacteria [Clostridia] and increased the usefull bacteria [Lactobacillus]

Comparative evaluation of laparoscopic and open elective ovariohysterectomy in dogs

Laparoscopic and open ovariohysterectomy were compared for the following parameters: surgical time, incision length, suture number, saturation of oxyhemoglobin [SpO2], heart rate, complications, CBC findings, Melbourne pain scale [MPS] and gross pathology. MPS pain scores were evaluated using Mann-whitney U Test. Other parameters were evaluated using Student's t test. There were no significant differences in SPo2, heart rate, surgical complications, MPS pain scores and CBC, where as the blood loss was significantly [P < 0.05] lower and the total incision length and suture number was less in laparoscopic group. There were less surgical time and more extensive adhesion formation in the open technique. The laparoscopic ovariohysterectomy is a potentially safe surgical technique in dogs and leads to less adhesion formation that may result in pain of adhesion sites and movement limitation

Effects of different concentrations of soluble non-statch polysaccharides in diet, on morpholigical characteristics of the small intestine and performance of broiler chickens

In this study, 480 on-day-old Arbor broiler chicks were used in a 2 [asterisk] 3 factorial arrangement with 2 levels of hull-less barley [0.30%] and 3 levels of enzyme [0.300 and 600 g/ton], to investigate the effect of diets containing high soluble non-starch polysaccharides [NSPs] concentrations on morphological characteristics of small intestine and performance of broilers. Increasing in concentration of soluble NSPs significantly decreased feed intake and body weight gains of broilers, [p<0.05] height and width of villi and tongue shaped villi percentage but increased other types of villi and crypt depth in small intestine [p<0.01], Enzyme supplementation of diets had no significant effects on studied traits, results show increase in the concentration of soluble NSPs of diet causes negative effects on morphological characteristics of small intestine in broiler chicks. Therefore, it could reduce absorption surface in digestive tract, and consequently decrease broiler performance

Comparative evalution of histological effect of calcium hydroxide and Portland cement on cat dental pulp as direct pulp capping

Regardless of calcium hydroxide use as a pulp capping material, in many cases the results were questionable and unsuccessful. Recently the Portland cement has been introduced as a pulp capping material. The aim of this study was to compare the histological changes of cat's dental pulp after capping with calcium hydroxide and Portland cement. This study was experimentally done with histological observation. Ten healthy adults and coeval cats were selected. After keeping them in standard condition for two weeks, class III cavities on distal of canine teeth were prepared and the pulp were exposed. In each jaw, one pulp was covered with calcium hydroxide A and the other treated with Portland cement B. Two cats were sacrificed after one week and the others were sacrificed after two months. Samples were assessed for severity of inflammation, dentinal bridge formation, necrosis, hyperemia and calcification. The data were analyzed by Mann-whitney U test. In one week, samples were similar to each other. After two months, dentinal bridge formation was found in 3 samples [20 percent] of group A and in 9 samples [60 percent] of group B. Inflammation was seen in 13 pulps [86.7 percent] of group A and 6 pulps [40 percent] of group B. Necrosis areas in group A were found in 10 pulps [66.7 percent] and in 5 samples [33.3 percent] of group B. Calcification was seen in 4 pulps [26.7 percent] of group A and in 6 samples of group B. Also odontoblastic layer was seen in 3 samples [20 percent] of each group. Portland cement showed more dentinal bridge formation, less inflammation and necrosis in comparison with that of calcium hydroxide when used as a pulp capping material [p<0.05]

[Denouement continued/rom page 51 your diagnosis please!]

Aremarkable aspect of the patient's illness is hepatomegaly, splenomegaly right upper abdominal discomfort and jaundice. In lab tests increasing of SGOT and SGPT with high level of alkaline phosphatase and gammaglutamyltranspeptidase with hypergammaglobulinemia, moderate increasing of bilirubine was seen while all the viral hepatitis markers for hepatitis A, Band C were negative. Liver ultrasonography revealed diffuse increase in echogenecity as compared with that of kidneys. C.T scan of liver showed some hepatic lesions that suggested of metastatic lesions. Diffuse increase in echogenecity of the liver of this patient on sonograghy and low density of hepatic parenchyma on C.T scan could be fatty infiltration of the liver. Regardless of the cause, cirrhosis has a similar appearance on imanging study. This patient as mentioned in her medical history did not consume alcohole, but in lab tests we noted her triglyceride and cholesterol were high and because of rheumatiod arthritis she has been on metothorexate since two years ago. On lab tests all the viral hepatitis markers were negative and esophagogasteroduodenal endoscopic examination showed no portal hypertention [no dilatation of esophagal veins in inferior part of esophagus]. Steatosis in most patients with non - alcoholic fatty liver may have appearance of malignant liver. hypercalcemia may be co- existence with cancer of liver in this patient. hypercalcemia may have many causes but what are the clues to the cause of hypercalcemia in this case? hyperparathyroidism, hyperthyroidism, thiaside diuretic consumption, chronic renal failure, Addison's disease and ingestion of excess vit A or vit D may cause hypercalcemia, as in this case; because of Rheumatoid arthritis, she has been prescribed excess dosage of vit 0 Serum protein electrophoresis of this case revealed hypoalbuminemia and hypergammaglobulinemia a phenomena we see too often in chronic liver diseases. In this patient, liver biopsy is the best diagnositic tool and it is usefull to determine kind of treatment and alimentary restrictions. In liver biopsy assay by grading for steatosis and staging for fibrosis you can find the depth of liver lesions. Liver biopsy was done and pathologist data was non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, precirrhotic stage. In non-alcoholic fatty liver with cirrhottic stage, steatosis is diffuse in most patients but, occasionally it is focal in imaging study, both ultrasonography and C.T. Scan may be misinterpreted as showing malignant tumours of liver. In such cases MRI can distinguish space occupying lesions from focal fatty infiltration. But gold standard of diagnosis is liver biopsy. In this patient pathologist data was macro and microvesicular ballooning, PMN cells infiltration around the hepatocytes and fibrosis around the hepatocytes. And bridging fibrosis. Grade II stage III The patient advised for weight loss, avoiding of fatty meals and home Remedies for one year and vitamin E and, B couplex prescribed. Some experts use clofibrate or metformine

case report of canine rheumatoid arthritis in Iran

The Purpose of the report was introducing rheumatoid arthritis in a dog in Iran. A four-year-old castrated male shih tzu has been referred to Small Animal Hospital. History taking, clinical findings, laboratory findings, radiography, computed tomography scan [CT-Scan] and magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] carried out in this case. Clinical examinations revealed severe lameness with flexion of stifle joints and muscular atrophy of thigh region. Survey radiographs showed tibial and femoral subchondral bone cyst-like formation, cranial displacement of the tibia, and asymmetric joint space. Blood test revealed leukocytosis. In serology, rheumatoid factor [RF] and antinuclear antibodies [ANA] were negative. Arthrocentesis of affected joints showed a lowered viscosity, and was turbid. CT-Scan studies showed subchondral bone cyst-like formations on the tibial plateau and femoral condyles, osteophyte formations, and degenerative joint changes. MRI confirmed soft tissue changes of the joint component. Based on clinical and paraclinical findings, diagnosis was rheumatoid arthritis

Evaluation of transcutaneous electrical neural stimulation effects on muscular ability in dog: an animal model

Assessment of transcutaneous electrical neural stimulation effects on muscular repair and capability following sciatic nerve injury as animal model. Experimental study. Ten male and female 15-22 month-old mixed breed dogs between 18-23 kg body-weight. Animals were subsequently divided into two groups of [control and experimental] 5 dogs each. Then anesthesia was induced. Skin was incised and the muscular dissection performed. The right sciatic nerve was exposed in all dogs and crushed in full thickness using artery forceps for 5 seconds. The experimental group was subjected to of transcutaneous electrical neural stimulation [TENS] regimen, daily ten minutes for two weeks. The electromyography [EMG] was recorded from semimembranosus [SI], and semitendinosus [S2]; Extensors [Ext], and Flexors [Flex] muscles before, after crush, 14,28 and 45 post-operative day. Variance analysis by ANOVA and Tukey's test. EMG recording showed significant differences in muscle forced in SI and S2 in experimental group by comparison with control one. The evaluation of [TENS] showed to be helpful to reduce muscle atrophy

[Evaluation of low level laser effects on muscular ability in dog: an animal model]

Assessment of Low Level Laser [LLL] effectson muscular repair and capability following sciatic nerveinjury as animal model.Experimental study.Ten male and female 30 +/- 6 month-old mixed breed dogs between 27 +/- 6 kg body-weight.Animals were subsequently divided into two groups of [control and experimental] of 5 dogs each. Then anesthesia was induced. Skin was incised and the muscular dissection performed. The right sciatic nerve was exposed in all dogs and crushed in full thickness using artery forceps for 5 seconds. The experimental group wassubjected to LLL regimen, daily ten minutes for twoweeks. The electromyography [EMG] was recorded fromsemimembranosus [S1], andsemitendinosus [S2], Extensors [Ext], and Flexors [Flex] muscles before, aftercrush, 14, 28 and 45 post-operative days.Variance analysis by ANOVA andTukey's test.EMG recording showed significant differences inmuscle forced in SI and S2 in experimental group bycomparison with control one.The evaluation of LLL showed tobe helpful to reduce muscle atrophy

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancraetography,ultrasonography, CT scan in choledocholithiasis

Introduction: Diagnosis of choledocholithiasis [CDL] is very difficult and in some cases it is only possible with laparotomy. On the other hand diagnosis of cholelithiasis is easily made via ultra sonogeraphy [US]. Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography [ERCP] and computerizing tomography [CT] are also used in CDL diagnosis. In this study the investigators compared the sensitivy and specificity of ERCP, US and CT procedures

Material and Methodes: patients suffering from incomplete obstructive jaundice, biliary colic and cholangitis with or without history of previous cholecystectomy underwent US and CT scan after performing liver function tests, and after bile duct lesion was confirmed ERCP was conducted. A total of 268 cases of ERCP was conducted. Among them 140 [52.2%] patients had either single or multiple common bile duct [CBD] stones.The youngest patient was a 17 year old girl and the oldest one an 85 years old man. The mean age of the patients was 61.7 +/- 19.1 years. US was conducted in all patients and in 23 [16.4%] cases showed the stone exactly, but in 36 [25.7%] cases showed only dilation of intrahepatic bile duct without signs of stone in CBD, this was due to air accumulation in C-loop of the duodenum, also 81[57.8%] had normal US. If we concider dianosis of stone in CBD as the gold standard than the sensitiviy of US would be 16.4%, but if we consider both dilation of bile duct and presence of stone as diagnostic indications than the sensitivity would rise to 65.5%, at the same time the specificity for US would be 63.3%. CT was done in 12 cases and in 5 showed a mass or tumor which was proven by ERCP to be stone there for giving a sensitivity of 41.6%. In 3 cases CT showed only dilation of intrahepatic ducts without any mass or tumor in CBD, therefore considering both conditions the sensitivity rise to 66.6%. In 4 cases CT showed nothing.The specificity for CT in CBD stonediagnosis was 28.5%. sensitivity and was calculated 28.5%. Sensitivity and specificity for ERCP in our study were 87.8% and 75% respectively

Conclusion: In our study both US and CT had less sensitivity and specificity in comparisson with ERCP

histologic evaluation on tissue reaction to three implanted materials [MTA, root MTA and Portland cement Type I] in the mandible of cats

Statement of Problem: Nowadays Mineral Trioxide aggregate [MTA] is widely used for root end fillings, pulp capping, perforation repair and other endodontic treatments. Investigations have shown similar physical and chemical properties for Portland cement and Root MTA with those described for MTA

Purpose: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the tissue reaction to implanted MTA, Portland cement and Root MTA in the mandible of cats

Materials and Methods: Under asepsis condition and general anesthesia, a mucoperiosteal flap, following the application of local anesthesia, was elevated to expose mandibular symphysis. Two small holes in both sides of mandible were drilled. MTA, Portland cement and Root MTA were mixed according to the manufacturers, recommendation and placed in bony cavities. In positive control group, the test material was Zinc oxide powder plus tricresoformalin. In negative control group, the bony cavities were left untreated. After 3, 6 and 12 weeks, the animals were sacrificed and the mandibular sections were prepared for histologic examination under light microscope. The presence and thickness of inflammation, presence of fibrosis capsule, the severity of fibrosis and bone formation were investigated. The data were submitted to Exact Fisher test, chi square test and Kruskal Wallis test for statistical analysis

Results: No statistically significant differences were found in the degree of inflammation, presence of fibrotic capsule, severity of fibrosis and inflammation thickness between Root MTA, Portland cement and MTA [P>0.05]. There was no statistical difference in bone formation between MTA and Portland cement [P>0.05]. However, bone formation was not found in any of the Root MTA specimens and the observed tissue was exclusively of fibrosis type

Conclusion: The physical and histological results observed with MTA are similar to those of Root MTA and Portland cement. Additionally, all of these three materials are biocompatible. However, in order to replace Root MTA and Portland cement type I as less expensive and suitable substitutes for MTA, more longer- term studies with larger number of samples are suggested

[Evaluation of the effect of acupuncture therapy in treatment of muscle injuries in dog]

Objective: to evaluate acupuncture therapeutic regimens on histomorphological changes of muscle injury healing in dog

Design: prospective randomized experimental study

Animals: a total of 10 young adult clinically normal male cross breed dogs weighing 26+/-4.4 kg and 30+/-4.2 months old

Methods: all dogs were anaesthetized with 5% thiopental sodium and maintained with 1% halothane. A piece of 3 cm in length, 1 cm in width and 1 cm in depth of right biceps femoris was removed in all of them. Then they were divided into two groups of 5 animals each. Acupuncture treatment was given daily for 10 minutes for two weeks in experimental group by locating acupoints [GB30, BL40, ST36], whereas no treatment was given in control group till end of 60 days of observations period. Biopsy sample was collected from each case for histomorphological study which were stained with H and E stain

Result: there was the least inflammatory cells, with regular and parallel arrangement of collagenous fiber in experimental group as compared to control one in which sample of inflammatory cells, with irregular unparallel arrangement of collagenous fiber was quite obvious

Conclusion: acupuncture therapeutic regimens for two weeks period had positive and stirnulatory effect on muscle tissues formation comparatively with the least inflammatory cells with regular and parallel collagen fiber arrangement in experimental group

Clinical relevant: acupuncture as a physical method of therapy is quite effective on muscle healing and faster remodelling of muscle fibers