Tumour angiogenesis in bladder carcinoma with and without schistosomiasis

Using immunohistochemical staining for factor VIII, the study highlighted the microvessels in tissue section of 28 cases of bladder cancer including 7 cases of non-schistosomal squamous cell carcinoma [NSSCC], 7 cases of schistosomal squamous cell carcinoma [SSCC], 7 cases of non-schistosomal transitional cell carcinoma [NSTCC] and 7 cases of schistosomal transitional cell carcinoma [STCC]. All cases studied were between grade II and III, associated with muscle invasion and no lymph node involvement. Microvessel was counted per 200 X field in the most active areas of angiogenesis. Intratumoral microvessel count was higher than that in areas of fibrosis away from the tumor. The study concluded that schistosomal infestation changes the vasculature of urinary bladder cancer either by reducing it as in SSCC or by enhancing it as in STCC. The assessment of tumor angiogenesis may prove to be a valuable parameter in selecting patients with bladder cancer who are more responsive to radiotherapy, particularly when surgery is contraindicated or has to be avoided

Immunohistochemical study of S 100 protein in benign and malignant breast diseases

An immunohistochemical study of S100 protein was performed in different breast diseases. S100 protein was demonstrated in myoepithelial cells in 15 cases of fibrocystic disease especially in adenosis and mild epithelial hyperplasia in between duct lining and basement membrane. In florid and atypical epitheliosis, scattered positive cells were seen within and around the ducts. Apocrine metaplasia demonstrated weakly positive cells, while epithelial lining of the cyst was negative. Two cases of intraductal carcinoma associated with invasive carcinoma demonstrated S100 protein carcinoma cells, while cases of intralobular carcinoma were negative. Four cases of invasive ductal carcinoma demonstrated S100 protein positive carcinoma cells. One case of invasive lobular carcinoma demonstrated S100 protein positive carcinoma cells. The positive staining for NSE was seen in three cases of S100 protein positive invasive ductal carcinoma and in S100 protein positive case of invasive lobular carcinoma. S100 protein was found to be of limited value and S100 protein positive breast carcinoma cases were found to be of high grade cancer